Fractures in patients with osteoporosis are attributable to falls and reduced bone mass. Therefore, balance and muscle strength should be improved and bone mass should be increased to prevent ...fractures. This study aims to investigate a rehabilitation treatment for osteoporosis. Exercise is a potentially safe and effective way to increase bone density and prevent postmenopausal bone loss. Based on bone densitometry results, rehabilitation exercises can be applied variably. Fractures caused by osteoporotic fragility may be prevented with multidisciplinary intervention programs including education, environmental modifications, aids, and individually tailored exercise programs. In addition, strengthening the paraspinal muscles may not only maintain bone mineral density but also reduce the risk of vertebral fractures. Rehabilitation after vertebral fractures includes proprioceptive dynamic posture training that decreases kyphotic posturing through the recruitment of back extensors. This training reduces pain, improves mobility, and leads to a better quality of life. Hip fractures may be prevented by hip protectors and exercise programs that can improve the strength and mobility of patients with hip fractures. Considering the musculoskeletal condition, the spine should be protected using a spinal orthosis, taping, hip pad, and walking aid, if necessary. Efforts to activate programs such as fracture liaison services should also be considered. KCI Citation Count: 0
Background: The integration of medical devices with artificial intelligence (AI) software is rapidly advancing as technology progresses. AI machine learning can be used in commercial medical services ...to generate practical data; there is evidence that it can be integrated into newly developed devices. However, such devices must undergo approval, regulation, and supervision. The Food and Drug Administration approves regulations for numerous machine-learning medical devices and shares open lists with the public. In this article, we examine recent medical AI devices in different fields, including the diagnosis of colorectal polyps.
Current Concepts: Currently, in the field of gastroenterology, there has been a significant amount of research aimed at enhancing adenoma detection rates using tools powered by AI, such as the EndoScreener and GI Genius.
Various such devices have also been developed for other fields; examples include the 23andMe Personal Genome Service for DNA detection, Spectral MD’s DeepView platform for wound imaging in surgery, Gili Pro BioSensor for monitoring vital signs, DreaMed Advisor Pro for diabetes, Minuteful for urinary analysis, BrainScope TBI for cerebral diagnosis, Compumedics Sleep Monitoring System for sleep disorders, Idx-DR v2.3 for ophthalmology, and EarliPoint system for pediatrics.
Discussion and Conclusion: By the time this article is published, it is likely that even more AI medical devices will have been approved and commercialized. The development of such devices should be strongly encouraged.
Additionally, we anticipate greater involvement from practitioners in the development and validation of diverse medical AI devices in Korea. KCI Citation Count: 0
T cell activation requires extracellular stimulatory signals that are mainly mediated by T cell receptor (TCR) complexes. The TCR recognizes antigens on major histocompatibility complex molecules ...with the cooperation of CD4 or CD8 coreceptors. After recognition, TCR-induced signaling cascades that propagate signals via various molecules and second messengers are induced. Consequently, many features of T cell-mediated immune responses are determined by these intracellular signaling cascades. Furthermore, differences in the magnitude of TCR signaling direct T cells toward distinct effector linages. Therefore, stringent regulation of T cell activation is crucial for T cell homeostasis and proper immune responses. Dysregulation of TCR signaling can result in anergy or autoimmunity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the pathways that govern how the TCR complex transmits signals into cells and the roles of effector molecules that are involved in these pathways.
The growing presence of autonomous driving solutions necessitates research on user experience. In Korea, autonomous driving services at level 3.5 or higher have been deployed and partially employed ...in limited public transportation area. This study examines user behavior and attitudes towards commercial autonomous taxi services, identifies their needs and challenges, and develops a prototype to address these concerns. By segmenting the user journey into phases such as before and after using taxi service, data on user requirements and difficulties are gathered through observation and interviewing. A service prototype is created to tackle identified issues and explore trust and perceived safety aspects in autonomous vehicle services using the Wizard-of-Oz method. Usability evaluation reveals enhanced trust and perceived safety of autonomous vehicles through increased information provision and screen visualization. The suggested service design principles are anticipated to contribute to a service that caters to user needs and challenges throughout the journey while promoting trust and perceived safety. As semi-autonomous taxi services transition to fully autonomous vehicle services, this study's guidelines can facilitate an improved user experience. KCI Citation Count: 0
Over the decades, extensive studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the floral transition process in model plants, as well as in crop plants. It has been ...demonstrated that floral integrator genes, such as
FLOWERING LOCUS T
and
SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1
, are highly conserved in most of the flowering plants. This finding has accelerated the identification and functional analyses of these orthologues involved in floral transition in flowering plant species. Even though the upstream regulator networks of the floral integrator genes seem to be quite diverged among plant species, they share four conserved flowering pathways, including the photoperiod, autonomous, gibberellin, and vernalization pathways. The comprehensive knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying floral transitions in the model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
has helped us explore and elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling floral transitions in other crop plants. This review highlights the current understandings of the flowering pathways elucidated in Arabidopsis, and mainly focuses on understanding the vernalization pathway in Arabidopsis as well as in several horticultural crop plants, including those of the genus
Brassica
.
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