Macrovascular and microvascular diseases are currently the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in subjects with diabetes. Disorders of the physiological signaling functions of reactive oxygen ...species (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) and reactive nitrogen species (nitric oxide and peroxynitrite) are important features of diabetes. In the absence of an appropriate compensation by the endogenous antioxidant defense network, increased oxidative stress leads to the activation of stress-sensitive intracellular signaling pathways and the formation of gene products that cause cellular damage and contribute to the vascular complications of diabetes. It has recently been suggested that diabetic subjects with vascular complications may have a defective cellular antioxidant response against the oxidative stress generated by hyperglycemia. This raises the concept that antioxidant therapy may be of great benefit to these subjects. Although our understanding of how hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress ultimately leads to tissue damage has advanced considerably in recent years, effective therapeutic strategies to prevent or delay the development of this damage remain limited. Thus, further investigation of therapeutic interventions to prevent or delay the progression of diabetic vascular complications is needed.
최대 전력수요 예측을 위한 시계열모형 비교 권숙희; Sukhui Kwon; 김재훈 ...
Ŭngyong tʻonggye yŏnʼgu,
2021, Letnik:
34, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
본 연구에서는 여러가지 시계열 모형 중 평활법(가법계절지수, 승법계절지수), 계절 ARIMA 모형, AR-ARCH 그리고 AR-GARCH 회귀모형을 이용하여 최대 전력수요를 예측하는 방법을 연구하였다. 이 때 가중평균모형으로 추세를 갖는 시계열 모형과 온도에 대한 회귀 모형을 적절한 가중치로 예측 정확도를 높이는 방법도 연구하였다. 결과적으로 ...AR-GARCH 회귀모형으로 예측하는 것이 가중 우수함을 보였다.
Through this study, we studied how to consider environment variables (such as temperatures, weekend, holiday) closely related to electricity demand, and how to consider the characteristics of Korea electricity demand. In order to conduct this study, Smoothing method, Seasonal ARIMA model and regression model with AR-GARCH errors are compared with mean absolute error criteria. The performance comparison results of the model showed that the predictive method using AR-GARCH error regression model with environment variables had the best predictive power.
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) axis, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) participate in vascular calcification ...process including atherosclerosis, but their contributions under high glucose (HG) and phosphate (HP) condition for a long-term period (more than 2 weeks) have not been fully determined. In this study, we evaluated the effects of HG and HP levels over 2 or 4 weeks on the progression of vascular calcification in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Calcium deposition in VSMCs was increased in medium containing HG (30 mmol/L D-glucose) with β-glycerophosphate (β-GP, 12 mmol/L) after 2 weeks and increased further after 4 weeks. OPG mRNA and protein expressions were unchanged in HG group with or without β-GP after 2 weeks. However, after 4 weeks, OPG mRNA and protein expressions were significantly lower in HG group with β-GP. No significant expression changes were observed in RANKL, RANK, or TRAIL during the experiment. After 4 weeks of treatment in HG group containing β-GP and rhBMP-7, an inhibitor of vascular calcification, OPG expressions were maintained. Furthermore, mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a marker of vascular mineralization, was lower in the presence of rhBMP-7. These results suggest that low OPG levels after long term HG and phosphate stimulation might reduce the binding of OPG to RANKL and TRAIL, and these changes could increase osteo-inductive VSMC differentiation, especially vascular mineralization reflected by increased ALP activity during vascular calcification.
Background: It is known that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with chronic kidney disease. We evaluated and compared the prevalence of reduced kidney function in MetS and its components by ...estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using an equation based on creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcys), and combined creatinine-cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys) in Korean adults. Methods: We analyzed data from 3,649 adults who participated in a comprehensive health examination. Results: Mean values of eGFRcys were higher compared with mean values of eGFRcr (96.1±18.2 mL/min/1.73 m 2 vs. 91.2± 13.6 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) in total subjects. The prevalence of reduced kidney function increased with age (9.6% for eGFRcys vs. 5.8% for eGFRcr-cys vs. 4.9% for eGFRcr, in subjects aged ≥60 years), and significantly increased with MetS, abdominal obesity, hypertension, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein (HDL), and high insulin resistance. The prevalence of MetS, abdominal obesity, hypertension, high insulin resistance, low HDL, and hepatic steatosis was significantly increased in subjects with reduced kidney function. This increased prevalence and the odds ratio of reduced kidney function for prevalence of MetS was highest for eGFRcys, followed by those of eGFRcr-cys, and eGFRcr. Conclusion: The prevalence of reduced kidney function by eGFR was significantly increased in subjects with MetS and its related components. eGFRcys and eGFRcr-cys were superior to eGFRcr in detecting reduced kidney function.
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