Simulation studies on catalytic methanation reaction in externally cooled tubular reactor filled with monolithic catalysts were carried out using a general purpose modelling tool $gPROMS^{(R)}$. We ...investigated the effects of operating parameters such as gas space velocity, temperature and pressure of feeding gas on temperature distribution inside the reactor, overall CO conversion, and chemical composition of product gas. In general, performance of methanation reaction is favored under low temperature and high pressure for a wide range of their values. However, methane production becomes negligible at temperatures below 573K when the reactor temperature is not high enough to ignite methanation reaction. Capacity enhancement of the reactor by increasing gas space velocity and/or gas inlet pressure resulted no significant reduction in reactor performance and heat transfer property of catalyst.
Objective : The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of a school-based character education program on the character development of elementary school students. Methods : A ...total of 1,325 elementary school students participated in the study. Pre-post changes in eight character virtues (self-esteem, self-regulation, honesty, sincerity, communication & caring, citizenship, justice, responsibility/cooperation) and student satisfaction were assessed. A paired t-test was performed to determine the effects of the program. Results : Of the students who participated in the program, the 4th and 5th grade students showed significantly increased scores on all eight character virtues ; whereas, the 6th grade students showed significantly increased scores on five character virtues. Conclusion : Despite the differences in effect based on the grade levels, the study results supported the effectiveness of a school-based socio-emotional character education program. This study could provide a basis for future research on the development of effective character education programs. 이 연구는 학교 기반, 교사 주도의 초등 인성교육 프로그램이 초등학생들의 인성 함양에 영향을 미쳤는지 분석했다. 분석 결과 프로그램에 참여한 학생들의 인성 수준은 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상되었다. 이는 프로그램이 초등학생 인성함양에 효과가 있었음을 시사한다. 하지만 학년에 따라 인성교육의 효과가 달라질 수 있음을 보였다.
CO₂ 포집을 포함한 석탄 가스화 시스템에서 급냉 방법에 따른 비교 이중원(Joong Won Lee); 김의식(Ui Sik Kim); 고경호(Kyung Ho Ko) ...
한국수소및신에너지학회논문집,
06/2012, Letnik:
23, Številka:
3
Journal Article
The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system is well known for its high efficiency compared with that of other coal fueled power generation system. IGCC offers substantial advantages over ...pulverized coal combustion when carbon capture and storage (CCS) is required. Commercial plants employ different types of quenching system to meet the purpose of the system. Depending on that, the downstream units of IGCC can be modeled using different operating conditions and units. In case with CO2 separation and capture, the gasifier product must be converted to hydrogen-rich syngas using Water Gas Shift (WGS) reaction. In most WGS processes, the water gas shift reactor is the biggest and heaviest component because the reaction is relatively slow compared to the other reactions and is inhibited at higher temperatures by thermodynamics. In this study, tehchno-econimic assessments were found according to the quench types and operating conditions in the WGS system. These results can improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of coal gasification. KCI Citation Count: 2
배열형 음향센서를 이용한 발전설비 소음원 탐지시스템 개발 손석만; 김동환; 이욱륜 ...
KEPCO Journal on electric power and energy,
2015, Letnik:
1, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
In this study, it has been initiated to investigate the specific abnormal vibration signal that has been captured in the power equipment. Array Microphone can be used in order to detect the direction ...and the position of the noise source. It is possible to track the abnormal mechanical noise in the power plant by utilizing the program and the microphone array system developed from this research. Array microphone system can be operated as a constant monitoring system.
합성천연가스의 수소함량 변화에 따른 가스터빈 연소특성 평가 박세익(Seik Park); 김의식(Ui Sik Kim); 정재화(Jae Hwa Chung) ...
한국수소 및 신에너지학회 논문집,
2012, Letnik:
23, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Increasing demand for natural gas and higher natural gas prices in the recent decades have led many people to pursue unconventional methods of natural gas production. POSCO-Gwangyang synthetic ...natural gas (SNG) project was launched in 2010. As the market price of natural gas goes up, the increase of its price gets more sensitive due to the high cost of transportation and liquefaction. This project can make the SNG economically viable. In parallel with this project, KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation) joined in launching the SNG Quality Standard Bureau along with KOGAS (Korea Gas Corporation), POSCO and so on. KEPCO Research Institute is in charge of SNG fueled gas turbine combustion test. In this research, several combustion tests were conducted to find out the effect of hydrogen contents in SNG on gas turbine combustion. The hydrogen in synthetic natural gas did not affect on gas turbine combustion characteristics which are turbine inlet temperature including pattern factor and emission performance. However, flame stable region in ${\Phi}$-Air flow rate map was shifted to the lean condition due to autocatalytic effect of hydrogen.
Objectives: Pharmacological treatment of depression is widely used. As new medication for depression has been introduced continuously, pharmacological treatment strategy is also changing. To overcome ...problematic nature this trend, Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD) was developed in 2002 and revised in 2006. Since the last revision six years ago, this revision reflected the new research result and the latest trends in the areas of pharmacological treatment. Methods: 123 psychiatrists who have vast clinical experiences in depressive disorder are primary selected then survey was sent to them via mail, 67 surveys were retried. This survey is constructed with 44 questionnaires in which contained from overall treatment strategies to treatment strategies under the specific circumstances. Each treatment strategy or treatment option is evaluated with the overall score of nine and the following 95% confidence interval result treatment option were divided into three phases of recommendation; primary, secondary, tertiary. Results: Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) was recommended as an initial strategy for major depressive disorder, severe without psychotic features with urgent suicidal risk, and as a second strategy for non-responders on antidepressant combination therapy and combined with physical illness. In the patient of major depressive disorder, severe with psychotic features, ECT was preferred as an initial strategy for urgent suicidal risk patients, but as a second strategy for non-responders on antipsychotics and antidepressants combination therapy and combid with physical illness. Many experts have considered ECT (84.4%) as a good treatment strategy, and 53% of experts have execute ECT. TMS was not recommended as a initial treatment strategy for major depressive disorder, but could be a second strategy for non-responder on antidepressants combination therapy in severe episodes without psychotic features and non-responders on pharmacotherapy in moderate episodes. Light therapy, omega-3 and megavitamine combination therapy could be a second strategies for treatment refractory patients. Conclusions: ECT was an initial strategy in severe episode with/without psychotic features who has an urgent suicidal risks, and secondarily preferred in case of non-responders, comorbid with physical illness and pregnants. Combination with complementary therapy was a second strategy for treatment refractory patients. KCI Citation Count: 1
Objectives: Since there were the development of new antidepressant and considerable advances in clinical trials and psychopharmacology, the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder ...(KMAP-DD) need to be revised again in 2012.
Methods: To compare the results between KMAP-DD 2006 and KAMP-DD 2012, the executive committee decided to maintain the same way used in first revision in 2006. The review committee consisted of 123 experienced psychiatrists. From the total of 22 questions in the questionnaire, 2 questions were used for the antidepressant choice according safety and side effect and comorbid 4 physical illnesses. Response rate was 54.5%. Preferred antidepressant was chosen by the review committee's opinion.
Results: 1) According to the side effect, bupropion is preferred for sexual dysfunction, sedation, and weight gain, and mirtazapine for insomnia and GI trouble, and (es)citalopram for anticholinergic side effect. 2) According to safety, (es)citalopram was preferred for cardiovascular disease and seizure, bupropion for serotonin syndrome, and mirtazapine for suicidality. 3) (Es)citalopram and sertraline were preferred for diabetes mellitus, thyroid, liver and renal disease.
Conclusion: These results suggest that clinicians would pay proper attention to choose antidepressant considering the side effect, safety and comorbid physical conditions. KCI Citation Count: 0
OBJECTIVE: To update treatment strategies for psychotic depression, we revised Korean medication algorithm for depressive disorder based on the expert clinical consensus.
METHODS: We developed the ...44-item questionnaire consisted of six parts, including treatment strategies for psychotic depression. The questionnaire was sent to the review committee consisting of 123 experienced korean psychiatrists. They were asked to rate their preference for various treatment options and treatment medications on a 1-9 point scale. We classified expert opinions to 3 categories (the first, the second, or the third choice).
RESULTS: The combination of antidepressant and atypical antipsychotic medication is preferred for the initial treatment strategy for psychotic depression. For patients who fail to respond fully to the initial treatment strategy, switching or adding an antidepressant or atypical antipsychotic medication is the most likely chosen for the subsequent treatment strategy. To allow sufficient time for treatment effects to take place, it is recommended to wait 2-5 weeks before changing the treatment regimen when the initial treatment strategy is not responsive, whereas 3-7 weeks is recommended when the initial treatment strategy is partially responsive. Mirtazapine, SSRIs, and SNRIs are the most preferred antidepressants. Quetiapine, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone are preferred antipsychotics.
CONCLUSIONS: For psychotic depression, the combination of antidepressant and atypical antipsychotic medication is the treatment-of-choice. Mirtazapine, SSRIs, SNRIs, quetiapine, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone are preferred drugs. KCI Citation Count: 1
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