Stanovništvo u Hrvatskoj Akrap, Anđelko
Obnovljeni Život,
07/2019, Letnik:
74, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Paper
Odprti dostop
Primjenom metode demografske analize istraženi su višestoljetni čimbenici razvoja stanovništva u Hrvatskoj. Težište je na razdoblju od polovice 19. stoljeća do 2017. godine. Razmatrajući suvremene ...demografske trendove povijesno–demografskim pristupom, utvrđeno je razdoblje od kojega započinje demografsko i gospodarsko zaostajanje Hrvatske. Na temelju projekcija stanovništva do 2051. predočene su vrlo nepovoljne promjene u dobnoj strukturi stanovništva. Budući da projicirane demografske promjene nose sa sobom sve izraženije socijalne i gospodarske probleme, autor predlaže ključne mjere za demografsku revitalizaciju Hrvatske.
The wars affecting Croatian lands from the 15th to the beginning of the 18th century have stopped demographic and economic development. The drastic population decline has impoverished Croatia significantly. Areas that suffered the greatest demographic and economic damage have remained economically underdeveloped, have maintained a sparse population density and long depopulation tendencies to the present date. These areas were not always poor, undeveloped and sparsely populated. Furthermore, a major factor affecting population development in Croatia is emigration which took the form of several distinctive waves of emigration beginning at the close of the 19th century up until the present day. The second part of the 20th century witnessed the centralised development model which led to the large–scale abandonment of rural settlements resulting in migration towards the few large cities in Croatia, but also abroad. Thus, the model of accelerated industrialisation suffered a collapse in just over a decade, at least from the demographic perspective. The 1991 census has demonstrated a natural population decrease, a considerable rate of emigration and a pronounced deterioration of the age structure of the population. Population projections for the year 2051 show a ve ry strong population decline. Anticipated demographic changes bring with them even more serious social and economic problems. There will be a compelling decline in the working–age population and so, despite other favourable conditions, the demographic structures will have a very negative effect on the GDP growth rate.
Osnovni cilj rada jest analiza međusobne povezanosti između
sektora zaposlenosti žena i fertiliteta u Hrvatskoj. Istraživanje je
provedeno kvantitativnom i kvalitativnom analizom.
Kvantitativno ...istraživanje temelji se na proporcionalnom
kvotnom uzorku od 1309 zaposlenih žena u dobi od 20 do
39 godina. Kvalitativno istraživanje provedeno je metodom
dubinskog intervjua na uzorku od 20 sudionica. Prije analize
dan je teorijski i kvantitativni pregled rijetkih recentnih
europskih istraživanja o tematiziranom problemu. Na
manifestnoj razini među promatranima sektorima djelatnosti
nisu nađene (statistički) značajne razlike u fertilitetnoj motivaciji
(zbroj ostvarenoga i namjeravanoga fertiliteta). Unatoč tome
pokazano je da je sektor djelatnosti važan razlog odgode
rađanja, posebno u sektoru trgovine. Državni sektori
(zdravstvo i obrazovanje) pružaju određenu sigurnost i ondje
nalazimo najmanji udio žena koje ne žele djecu, dok je
istodobno u privatnom sektoru (posebno financijsko
posredovanje) udio žena koje ne žele djecu značajno viši.
U radu je pokazana i povezanost atipičnoga radnog
vremena, točnije: rada prekovremeno, i smanjenoga
fertiliteta, dok nije utvrđena značajna povezanost fertiliteta
i rada vikendom.
U ovom radu istražujemo povezanost stambenih problema, produženog života s roditeljima i odgode ulaska u brak u Hrvatskoj. Analizu smo proveli koristeći se podacima iz dva nedavna istraživanja. Prvo ...istraživanje je o neoženjenima i neudanima bez djece u dobi 35 do 44 godine, dok je drugo o zaposlenim ženama u dobi od 20 do 40 godina. Rezultati pokazuju da skupi stanovi i općenito stambeni problemi imaju značajan utjecaj na odluku da se uđe u brak i fertilitetnu motivaciju.
The primary purpose of this paper is analyzing the mutual connection between the sector of women’s employment and fertility rate in Croatia. The survey was conducted both quantitatively and ...qualitatively. The quantitative survey is based on a proportional quota sample of 1309 employed women, aged 20-39. The qualitative survey was conducted by using the method of in-depth interview on a sample of 20 participants. Prior to our analysis a theoretical and quantitative overview of the latest European surveys concerning this issue was given. On the manifest level, no (statistically) significant differences in fertility motivation (sum of achieved and intended fertility) were found among the surveyed sectors. However, it has been proven that the sector of employment is an important reason for postponing pregnancy, especially in the commercial sector. The public sector (health and education) provides a certain stability and this is where we find the lowest proportion of women who do not want children, while in the private sector (especially in financial mediation) the proportion of women who do not want children is considerably higher. The paper has also shown a connection between atypical work hours, specifically overtime work, and a decrease in fertility, while a significant correlation between fertility and work during weekends has
not been established.
The dual-earner family is increasingly becoming a norm in the majority of developed countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate how developed is the infrastructure for combining family and ...work and what type of family models are preferred by employed women in Croatia. In the survey, based on a sample of 1309 employed women aged 20-39, different statistical techniques were applied to find their preferred family model and attitudes on women’s labor market position. The results show that a large majority of employed women prefer the dual-earner model, where both parents have paid work outside of the household. Moreover, younger generations of women have more liberal views on women's position in the labor market. To increase women’s employment and fertility in the same time is no easy task, but experience from countries where high women’s employment rate coexists with higher fertility rate show it is not impossible. We conclude that the lack of possibility for part-time work in Croatia imposes a barrier for women who want to combine professional and family responsibilities.
U radu se iznose procjene ukupnog broja stanovnika, dobno-spolnog sastava,
struktura obitelji i kućanstva te strukture stanovništva prema ekonomskoj
aktivnosti Grada Zagreba, sa stanjem u ožujku ...1941. i u listopadu 1945.
godine. Treba imati u vidu da 1941. godine nije bilo popisa stanovništva, pa
je jedan od značajnijih istraživačkih rezultata ovog rada, uz ostale, i procjena
ukupnog broja stanovnika i ekonomsko-socijalnih struktura u Gradu Zagrebu
netom pred početak Drugoga svjetskog rata. Procjene su napravljene na osnovi
izvornog arhivskog gradiva, koje obuhvaća oko 515 tisuća potrošačkih prijavnica
(tzv. potrošačkih kartica) pohranjenih u Državnom arhivu u Zagrebu. Za
1941. godinu procjene se temelje na potrošačkim prijavnicama za kućanstva,
u kojima se nalazi popis svih članova kućanstva s osnovnim demografskim i
ekonomsko-socijalnim obilježjima (oko 272 tisuće prijavnica). Procjena tematiziranih
veličina u listopadu 1945. godine polazi od potrošačkih prijavnica za
svaku osobu (oko 243 poimenične prijavnice), dakle ne više za kućanstva. Uz
ostalo, dobno-spolnim sastavom predočena je jednostavna, vrlo jasna i sažeta
demografska slika Grada Zagreba zabilježena na gotovo samom kraju Drugoga
svjetskog rata.
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