There has been a significant growth in the number of private automobiles in the previous decade as a result of technological advancements and changes in people’s lifestyles. This creates a major ...problem of congestion main reason being the transportation infrastructure’s inadequately construction and maintenance, which is the case in most major cities. By broadcasting the vehicle’s current location and surroundings in real time to other adjacent cars and roadside devices, VANETs may help alleviate traffic congestion by using intelligent algorithms to anticipate and avoid potential bottlenecks on the route. This can also be used to predict the shortest path from initial location to destination making it easy for the drivers in the choosing the right path. To implement all these functionalities, we need a robust and secure communication channel and also an intelligent and complex algorithm. Our aim is to predict a lane with least probability of accidents and find the shortest path with least travelling time and congestion. This keeps the user informed regarding the surrounding scenario’s and makes more coordinated, safer, and optimal use of transport networks.
Spectrum leasing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) allows the primary network (PN) to lease a certain fraction of its licensed bandwidth to the secondary network (SN). The motivation for such a ...concept is to enhance the performance of SNs while improving channel utilization. Meanwhile, the license owners of the channels can also gain benefits through spectrum leasing in terms of either monetary rewards or cooperative communications. In this paper, we propose three dynamic channel access strategies for spectrum leasing in multi-channel CRNs. A common characteristic of all these strategies is that the priority for channel access over the leased spectrum is given to SNs and the unleased spectrum to PNs respectively. The distinction among these three strategies is at the level of opportunistic or exclusive access to leased and unleased spectra by an SN or a PN. The performance of the proposed strategies is evaluated and compared with each other in terms of several system centric metrics including capacity, blocking probability, forced termination probability and channel utilization efficiency.
