This study evaluated stethoscope acoustics by using a sound frequency generator and an active artificial ear. Six popular, currently available stethoscopes were compared in their various modes ...involving bells, diaphragms, etc.: Littmann Classic II, Littmann Cardiology II, Littmann Master Cardiology, Hewlett-Packard Rappaport-Sprague, Tycos Harvey Triple Head, and Allen Medical Series 5A RPS Binaural. The transfer function was measured from 37.5-1000 Hz, the range where nearly all heart and lung sounds are found. Sound in the low-frequency range (37.5-112.5 Hz) was in most cases amplified by the bells and attenuated by the diaphragms; however, there were no significant differences. Both bells and diaphragms attenuated sound transmission in the high range, and this increased with frequency. The Tycos Harvey Triple Head ribbed diaphragm attenuated sound transmission to a significantly greater extent than the other diaphragms (P less than 0.01). The results show that the bell and diaphragm for a given stethoscope usually have different transmission characteristics, particularly at low frequencies. The Littmann Classic II is an exception. The Hewlett-Packard and Tycos Harvey stethoscopes showed the greatest differences in low frequency response between the bell and the diaphragm. While the differences found in sound transmission between stethoscopes were in most cases small, the Littmann Cardiology II, bell and diaphragm, appears to possess the best overall performance by this study design.
El debate del velo es un ejemplo paradigmático de los complejos debates políticos, mediáticos y sociales que el multiculturalismo trae consigo. En este artículo pretendo analizar los principales ...argumentos a favor y en contra del uso del hiyab, tanto de modo genérico como en la escuela. Asimismo, examino el debate que tuvo lugar en España en 2002 a raíz del caso de Fátima, una niña marroquí que deseaba acudir a clase con el velo. Para ello, me centro en los editoriales publicados por los tres principales diarios españoles.
Introduction: knowledge concerning risk factors and self-care methods in patients with diabetes mellitus is considered an essential element in their effective treatment. Objective: to assess the ...knowledge level concerning risk factors and self-care methods in patients with diabetes mellitus and neuropathic ulcer. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 135 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and neuropathic ulceration from November 2018 to November 2019. All patients registered in two different family doctor’s office associated to the Policlínico Universitario “Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo” in Sancti Spíritus. Variables studied were: age, sex, knowledge level concerning risk factors and self-care methods. Results: the outcomes were summarized on a table to be assessed, which revealed female sex patients aged 60 to 70 years as predominant to suffer type 2 diabetes mellitus. An inadequate knowledge concerning the most outstanding risk factors was the cause of arising cardiovascular disease. The most well-known self-care measure was to maintain an effective treatment for diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: female sex patients aged 60 to 71 years were most assessed being predominant. The most predominant aspects of ignorance found in the study were the family history associated to diabetes mellitus and the ignorance related to self-care measures, mainly on the practice of personal hygiene.
he veil debate is a paradigmatic example of the complicated political, social and media issue raised by multiculturalism. In this article I analyze the main arguments in favour and against the use of ...hijab in general, and specifically to its use in school. At the same time, I will examine the Spanish debate on the veil, which took place in 2002, when Fatima, a Moroccan girl, tried to attend school wearing the hijab. I will centre my analysis on editorials published by the three main Spanish newspapers.
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Provider: - Institution: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek - Austrian National Library - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction ...under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
La globalización y el multiculturalismo son dos realidades relacionadas. El aumento de las desigualdades económicas en el mundo ha conllevado la emigración desde las zonas menos desarrolladas hacia ...las más prósperas, lo que ha supuesto la llegada a los países occidentales de gentes con diversas culturas. Pero, al mismo tiempo, la globalización, en tanto encarnación del neoliberalismo económico, ha supuesto la erosión del Estado del Bienestar y de muchos derechos sociales y, en consecuencia, ha aumentado las desigualdades en el interior de los países desarrollados. De esta forma la integración socioeconómica y cultural de los inmigrantes se ve dificultada. Como resultado, se perfila un escenario con muchas sombras para la convivencia multicultural y la justicia social.
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