Deficits in functioning affect people with first-episode psychosis. Deficits in cognitive performance are common in such individuals and appear to be related to functioning. The present study ...examined the relationship between the domains of cognitive performance and personal and social functioning, as well as evaluating which cognitive domains are the most closely related to personal and social functioning and whether they explain variations once other clinical and sociodemographic aspects are accounted for. Ninety-four people with first-episode psychosis participated in the study; they were assessed with the MATRICS battery. Symptoms were evaluated with the Emsley factors of the positive and negative syndrome scale. Cannabis use, duration of untreated psychosis, suicide risk, perceived stress, antipsychotic doses, and premorbid intelligence quotient was accounted for. Processing speed, attention/vigilance, working memory, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving correlated to personal and social functioning. Processing speed emerged as the strongest predictor of social and personal functioning and underscores the importance of targeting this domain in treatment. Moreover, suicide risk and excited symptoms were also significant variables in functioning. Early intervention, focusing on improvement of processing speed, may be crucial to the improvement of functioning in first-episode psychosis. The relationship of this cognitive domain with functioning in first-episode psychosis should be studied further.
•Processing speed emerged as the strongest predictor of social and personal functioning.•None of the other cognitive domains have a significant effect on functioning after controlling for confounding variables.•Early intervention to improve processing speed may be crucial to the improvement of functioning in first-episode psychosis.
Patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) report deficits in social support (SS) and diminished and less satisfactory social networks than healthy controls (HC). These SS difficulties are linked ...with symptomatology. The study objectives were to: (a) compare perceived SS between patients with FEP and HC; (b) study sex differences regarding perceived SS in patients with FEP and HC; and (c) explore which sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial variables are related to perceived SS in the onset of FEP. A total of 146 participants were included: 76 patients with FEP (24 females, 52 males) and 70 HC (20 females, 50 males). Perceived SS was assessed with the DUKE-UNK instrument, which is divided into two subscales: confidant support (CS) and affective support (AS). Significant differences regarding perceived SS were observed between the samples. No sex differences were found concerning perceived SS in each group. For the group with FEP, more years of education, less anxiety/depressive symptoms and better functioning were the most relevant variables for more overall perceived SS and perceived CS. Also, less suicidal risk was the only important indicator for more perceived AS. Interventions in perceived SS could contribute to a good evolution of FEP.
•Significant differences regarding perceived SS were observed between the samples.•No sex differences were found concerning perceived SS in each group.•In FEP, years of education was the most relevant variable for perceived SS and CS.•In FEP, suicidal risk was the only important indicator for perceived AS.
Introduction: knowledge concerning risk factors and self-care methods in patients with diabetes mellitus is considered an essential element in their effective treatment. Objective: to assess the ...knowledge level concerning risk factors and self-care methods in patients with diabetes mellitus and neuropathic ulcer.Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 135 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and neuropathic ulceration from November 2018 to November 2019. All patients registered in two different family doctor’s office associated to the Policlínico Universitario “Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo” in Sancti Spíritus. Variables studied were: age, sex, knowledge level concerning risk factors and self-care methods. Results: the outcomes were summarized on a table to be assessed, which revealed female sex patients aged 60 to 70 years as predominant to suffer type 2 diabetes mellitus. An inadequate knowledge concerning the most outstanding risk factors was the cause of arising cardiovascular disease. The most well-known self-care measure was to maintain an effective treatment for diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: female sex patients aged 60 to 71 years were most assessed being predominant. The most predominant aspects of ignorance found in the study were the family history associated to diabetes mellitus and the ignorance related to self-care measures, mainly on the practice of personal hygiene.
Introdução: o conhecimento dos fatores de risco e das medidas de autocuidado em pacientes com diabetes mellitus é considerado um elemento essencial em seu tratamento. Objetivo: determinar o nível de conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e medidas de autocuidado em pacientes com diabetes mellitus com úlcera neuropática. Método: estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 135 pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 com úlcera neuropática pertencentes a dois consultórios do médico de família da Policlínica Universitária “Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo” de Sancti Spíritus no período de novembro de 2018 a novembro de 2019. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, sexo, nível de conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e medidas de autocuidado. Resultados: os resultados agrupados em forma de tabelas mostraram predomínio de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 do sexo feminino na faixa etária de 60 a 70 anos. O nível inadequado de conhecimento dos fatores de risco mais destacados era o histórico de doenças cardiovasculares. As medidas de autocuidado mais conhecidas foram a manutenção do tratamento para diabetes mellitus. Conclusões: na investigação prevaleceu o sexo feminino de 60 a 71 anos. O nível de desconhecimento prevalente foi a história familiar de diabetes mellitus, bem como maior grau de desconhecimento nas medidas a serem levadas em consideração para o autocuidado na prática da higiene corporal.
Introducción: el conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo y las medidas de autocuidado en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus se considera un elemento esencial en su tratamiento.Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre factores de riesgos y medidas de autocuidado en pacientes con diabetes mellitus con úlcera neuropática.Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo trasversal en 135 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II con úlcera neuropática pertenecientes a dos consultorios del médico de familia del Policlínico Universitario “Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo” de Sancti Spíritus en el período de noviembre 2018 a noviembre del 2019. Las variables estudiadas, fueron: edad, sexo, nivel de conocimientos sobre los factores de riesgo y medidas de autocuidado. Resultados: los resultados agrupados en forma de tablas mostraron un predominio de los pacientes del sexo femenino con diabetes mellitus tipo II de 60-70 años. El inadecuado nivel de conocimientos de los factores de riesgo más sobresaliente fue el antecedente de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Las medidas de autocuidado más conocida fue mantener el tratamiento para la diabetes mellitus.Conclusiones: en la investigación predominó el sexo femenino de 60-71 años. El nivel de desconocimientos que predominó fue la historia familiar de la diabetes mellitus, así como mayor nivel de desconocimiento en las medidas a tener en cuenta para el autocuidado en la práctica de aseo corporal.
Resumen Introducción: El confinamiento por la enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) interrumpió la vida de todo el mundo en marzo de 2020. El confinamiento obligatorio duró dos meses, lo que ...tuvo un impacto en la salud mental de las personas. Sin embargo, se desconoce en gran medida cómo afectó a quienes ya luchaban con problemas de salud mental. Métodos: Se recopiló información de 18 pacientes con primer episodio psicótico (PEP) mediante una encuesta en línea. La encuesta tenía preguntas sobre COVID-19, el impacto del confinamiento en la vida diaria y las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas durante el confinamiento entre marzo y abril de 2020 en España. Resultados: Algunas estrategias de afrontamiento se asociaron con diferentes actividades de la vida diaria: normalizar la situación, buscar ayuda de amigos o familiares y buscar ayuda de profesionales en situaciones estresantes, leer fuentes de información y autoayuda para enfrentar el estrés, enfocarse en las emociones que generan estrés, intentar centrarse en problemas concretos y buscar soluciones, y aceptar la situación con resignación. Conclusiones: Como conclusión, los resultados sugieren que no todas las estrategias de afrontamiento impactaron de la misma manera en la vida diaria de los/las pacientes con PEP durante el confinamiento por COVID-19.
