During the tour, tourist guides, who act as a bridge between visitors and local people, have many roles for tourists. One of the important roles among these roles is the interpretive role. Rather ...than providing information directly, it has a great effect of presenting the information to the tourists after making it understandable. At this point, it is a question of whether tourists have an impact on destination loyalty, based on the interpretive role of tourist guides. The purpose of thisstudy is to reveal the effect of the interpretative role of tourist guides on tourist destination loyalty and to determine the mediating role of the concept of satisfaction, which can be a result of the feeling of pleasant feelings during the tour. Accordingly, the data were collected from 391 guests who toured the Çanakkale Wars Gallipoli Historical Site, which constitutes the research area,with a guide. In the light of the data obtained from the survey participants, it was concluded that the interpretative role of tourist guides was effective on tourist destination loyalty. It has been determined that tourist satisfaction also plays a mediating role in this effect.
Turist rehberliği, bir ülkeye veya destinasyona gelen yerli ve yabancı turistlere turun başından sonuna kadar eşlik edip her konuda onlara yardımcı olan özel bir meslek dalıdır. Bu açıdan ...bakıldığında turist rehberliği mesleğinde yabancı dil bilmek, mesleğin en önemli yapıtaşıdır. Ülkemizde ön lisans, lisans ve lisansüstü düzeyinde verilen turist rehberliği eğitimine dair günümüze kadar çeşitli araştırmalar yapılmış olsa da adayların yabancı dil sınavlarındaki başarı oranları üzerine bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, turist rehberlerinin ve rehber adaylarının girdikleri yabancı dil sınavlarındaki başarı oranlarını incelemektir. Çalışmanın verileri, Turist Rehberleri Birliği (TUREB) tarafından 2014-2022 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen Yabancı Dil Seviye Tespit Sınavı ile Yabancı Dil Ekletme Sınavına ilişkin istatistiklerden oluşmaktadır. Veriler, doküman analizi tekniğiyle çözümlenmiştir. Veriler analizi neticesinde, 2014-2022 yılları arasında 33 farklı yabancı dilden sınav yapıldığı ve bu sınavlardaki genel başarı oranının oldukça düşük olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu sonuca istinaden çeşitli çıkarımlarda ve uygulamaya yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Tourist guidance is a special profession that accompanies local and foreign tourists coming to a country or destination from the beginning to the end of the tour and helps them in every way. From this point of view, knowing a foreign language in the tourist guiding profession is the most important building block of the profession. Although there have been various studies on tourist guidance education given at associate, undergraduate and graduate levels in our country, no study has been found on the success rates of candidates in foreign language exams. The aim of this study is to examine the success rates of tourist guides and guide candidates in foreign language exams. The data of the study consists of statistics on Foreign Language Placement Exam and Foreign Language Addition Exam held by the Union of Turkish Tourist Guides Chambers between 2014-2022. The data is analyzed by document analysis technique. As a result of the data analysis, it is concluded that there were exams in 33 different foreign languages between 2014-2022 and the overall success rate in these exams is quite low. Based on this result, various inferences and suggestions for practice are made.
Tur esnasında ziyaretçiler ve yerel halk arasında bir köprü görevi gören turist rehberlerinin, turistlere yönelik birçok rolü bulunmaktadır. Bu roller arasında önemli bir yere sahip olanlardan bir ...tanesi ise yorumlayıcı roldür. Bir bilgiyi direkt olarak vermekten ziyade, bilgiyi anlaşılır kıldıktan sonra tekrar turistlere göre sunmanın etkisi büyüktür. Bu noktada, turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rolünden yola çıkarak, turistlerin destinasyon sadakati üzerinde bir etkisinin olup olmadığı merak konusudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rolünün turistlerin destinasyon sadakati üzerindeki etkisinin ortaya çıkarılması ve tur sırasında hoş duygular hissinin bir sonucu olabilecek memnuniyet kavramının bu süreçteki aracılık rolünün belirlenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda veriler, araştırma alanını oluşturan Çanakkale Savaşları Gelibolu Tarihi Alanı’nı rehber eşliğinde gezmiş olan 391 misafir üzerinden toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında, turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rolünün turistlerin destinasyon sadakati üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Turist memnuniyetinin de bu etkide aracılık yaptığı belirlenmiştir.
Tur esnasında ziyaretçiler ve yerel halk arasında bir köprü görevi gören turist rehberlerinin, turistlere yönelik birçok rolü bulunmaktadır. Bu roller arasında önemli bir yere sahip olanlardan bir ...tanesi ise yorumlayıcı roldür. Bir bilgiyi direkt olarak vermekten ziyade, bilgiyi anlaşılır kıldıktan sonra tekrar turistlere göre sunmanın etkisi büyüktür. Bu noktada, turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rolünden yola çıkarak, turistlerin destinasyon sadakati üzerinde bir etkisinin olup olmadığı merak konusudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rolünün turistlerin destinasyon sadakati üzerindeki etkisinin ortaya çıkarılması ve tur sırasında hoş duygular hissinin bir sonucu olabilecek memnuniyet kavramının bu süreçteki aracılık rolünün belirlenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda veriler, araştırma alanını oluşturan Çanakkale Savaşları Gelibolu Tarihi Alanı’nı rehber eşliğinde gezmiş olan 391 misafir üzerinden toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında, turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rolünün turistlerin destinasyon sadakati üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Turist memnuniyetinin de bu etkide aracılık yaptığı belirlenmiştir. * Makale Abidin Can AKTAŞ'ın ‘Turist Rehberlerinin Yorumlayıcı Rolünün Turist Destinasyon Sadakati Üzerine Etkisi: Çanakkale Savaşları Gelibolu Tarihi Alan Başkanlığı Örneği’ adlı tezden türetilmiştir.
This research aims to determine whether tourist guides have awareness of geographically indicated products that encourage rural development and products, and whether they are used during the tour. In ...this respect, it is thought that the study is important in terms of awareness of geographically indicated products and their use as touristic products and supporting rural development. Within the scope of the study, the awareness and usage levels of the tourist guides registered to the Çanakkale Regional Chamber of Tourist Guides (ÇARO) about the geographically indicated products belonging to the provinces of Çanakkale, Balıkesir and Tekirdağ, which are under the jurisdiction of the Chamber, are determined. Online interviews are held with 25 tourist guides due to pandemic conditions in September-October 2021. The obtained data are subjected to content analysis. In the research, it has been revealed that tourist guides have information about the concept of geographical indication product, but product information is limited. It is stated that they also promoted some non-geographically marked products such as Çanakkale Cheese halva, Çanakkale tomato, Gelibolu sardine, Lapseki cherry and Ayvalık toast during their tours in Çanakkale, Balıkesir and Tekirdağ regions. It has been concluded that they promote olive and olive oil, especially Ezine Cheese, in their tours and that gastronomy tours in these regions should increase. In addition, in line with the opinions of the tourist guides, suggestions made about various tour routes and durations where the visitors could experience the geographically marked products.
Four new Schiff base ligands carrying naphthalene groups were prepared from the reaction of 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine and 2,4-diamino-6-undecyl-1,3,5-triazine with ...2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. The influence of a series of metal ions including Cu
2+
, Co
2+
, Hg
2+
, Al
3+
, Cr
3+
, Fe
3+
, Pb
2+
, Ni
2+
, Cd
2+
, Zn
2+
, Mn
2+
, Ag
+
, Ba
2+
, Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
on the spectroscopic properties of the ligands was investigated by means of absorption and emission spectrometry. The results of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric titrations disclosed the complexation stoichiometry and complex stability constant of the ligands with metal ions. A simple spectrofluorimetric method was developed using the Schiff base derived from 2,4-diamino-6-undecyl-1,3,5-triazine to determine Hg
2+
ion. No cleanup or enrichment of the tap water sample was required. A modified standard addition method was used to eliminate matrix effect. The standard addition graph was linear between 0.2 and 2.6 mg/L in determination of Hg
2+
. Detection and quantification limits were 0.08 and 0.23 mg/L, respectively. The simple and cost-effective method can be applied to water samples.
Hypoparathyroidism is an orphan disease with ill-defined epidemiology that is subject to geographic variability. We conducted this study to assess the demographics, etiologic distribution, treatment ...patterns and complication frequency of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism in Turkey. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional database study, with collaboration of 30 endocrinology centers located in 20 cities across seven geographical regions of Turkey. A total of 830 adults (mean age 49.6 ± 13.5 years; female 81.2%) with hypoparathyroidism (mean duration 9.7 ± 9.0 years) were included in the final analysis. Hypoparathyroidism was predominantly surgery-induced (
n
= 686, 82.6%). The insulting surgeries was carried out mostly due to benign causes in postsurgical group (SG) (
n
= 504, 73.5%) while patients in nonsurgical group (NSG) was most frequently classified as idiopathic (
n
= 103, 71.5%). The treatment was highly dependent on calcium salts (
n
= 771, 92.9%), calcitriol (
n
= 786, 94.7%) and to a lower extent cholecalciferol use (
n
= 635, 76.5%) while the rate of parathyroid hormone (
n
= 2, 0.2%) use was low. Serum calcium levels were most frequently kept in the normal range (sCa 8.5–10.5 mg/dL,
n
= 383, 46.1%) which might be higher than desired for this patient group. NSG had a lower mean plasma PTH concentration (6.42 ± 5.53 vs. 9.09 ± 7.08 ng/l,
p
< 0.0001), higher daily intake of elementary calcium (2038 ± 1214 vs. 1846 ± 1355 mg/day,
p
= 0.0193) and calcitriol (0.78 ± 0.39 vs. 0.69 ± 0.38 mcg/day,
p
= 0.0057), a higher rate of chronic renal disease (9.7% vs. 3.6%,
p
= 0.0017), epilepsy (6.3% vs. 1.6%,
p
= 0.0009), intracranial calcifications (11.8% vs. 7.3%,
p
< 0.0001) and cataracts (22.2% vs. 13.7%,
p
= 0.0096) compared to SG. In conclusion, postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is the dominant etiology of hypoparathyroidism in Turkey while the nonsurgical patients have a higher disease burden with greater need for medications and increased risk of complications than the postsurgical patients.
Jamming is a well-known reliability threat for mass-market wireless networks. With the rise of safety-critical applications this is likely to become a constraining issue in the future. Thus, the ...design of accurate jamming detection algorithms becomes important to react to ongoing jamming attacks. With respect to experimental work, jamming detection has been mainly studied for sensor networks. However, many safety-critical applications are also likely to run over 802.11-based networks where the proposed approaches do not carry over. In this paper we present a jamming detection approach for 802.11 networks. It uses metrics that are accessible through standard device drivers and performs detection via machine learning. While it allows for stand-alone operation, it also enables cooperative detection. We experimentally show that our approach achieves remarkably high detection rates in indoor and mobile outdoor scenarios even under challenging link conditions.
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