Developers have long used game engines for visualizing virtual worlds for players to explore. However, using real-world data in a game engine is always a challenging task, since most game engines ...have very little support for geospatial data. This paper presents our findings from exploring the Unity3D game engine for visualizing large-scale topographic data from mixed sources of terrestrial laser scanner models and topographic map data. Level of detail (LOD) 3 3D models of two buildings of the Universitas Gadjah Mada campus were obtained using a terrestrial laser scanner converted into the FBX format. Mapbox for Unity was used to provide georeferencing support for the 3D model. Unity3D also used road and place name layers via Mapbox for Unity based on OpenStreetMap (OSM) data. LOD1 buildings were modeled from topographic map data using Mapbox, and 3D models from the terrestrial laser scanner replaced two of these buildings. Building information and attributes, as well as visual appearances, were added to 3D features. The Unity3D game engine provides a rich set of libraries and assets for user interactions, and custom C# scripts were used to provide a bird’s-eye-view mode of 3D zoom, pan, and orbital display. In addition to basic 3D navigation tools, a first-person view of the scene was utilized to enable users to gain a walk-through experience while virtually inspecting the objects on the ground. For a fly-through experience, a drone view was offered to help users inspect objects from the air. The result was a multiplatform 3D visualization capable of displaying 3D models in LOD3, as well as providing user interfaces for exploring the scene using “on the ground” and “from the air” types of first person view interactions. Using the Unity3D game engine to visualize mixed sources of topographic data creates many opportunities to optimize large-scale topographic data use.
Infrastruktur, prosedur serta rangkaian kebijakan perlu disiapkan oleh pemerintah dalam rangka implementasi kadaster 3D di Indonesia. Untuk mendukung upaya pengembangan sistem kadaster 3D di ...Indonesia, terlebih dahulu perlu menyusun dan mempersiapkan beberapa kebutuhan. Salah satu kebutuhan yang paling mendukung implementasi kadaster 3D di Indonesia adalah terkait dengan penggunaan format data. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi model CityGML dan CityJSON melalui proses konversi IFC menjadi CityGML dan CityGML ke CityJSON berdasarkan hasil pengecekan dan validasi terhadap setiap fitur dan elemen model CityGML dan CityJSON sehingga dapat memberikan rekomendasi kepada pemerintah dalam menentukan format data yang tepat untuk menyimpan dan memvisualisasikan model kadaster 3D. Data yang digunakan adalah elemen IfcSpace dan IfcWallStandardCase pada model IFC stasiun MRT Bundaran HI dan Blok M Jakarta. Konversi IFC ke CityGML dilakukan di perangkat eveBIM, FME, dan FZK. Pada masing-masing software dilakukan percobaan untuk membandingkan representasi geometri fitur dari model CityGML berdasarkan ada tidaknya kesalahan berupa penambahan atau pengurangan geometri fitur. Dengan demikian dapat dievaluasi model CityGML manakah yang memiliki representasi model 3D paling baik dan software yang paling tepat digunakan untuk konversi IFC ke CityGML. Dari evaluasi tersebut dapat diketahui pula apakah model CityGML dapat dikonversi menjadi model CityJSON serta apakah model 3D tersebut memiliki kesalahan. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa model CityGML yang dikonversi pada perangkat FME dan FZK memiliki representasi geometri fitur yang baik dan sesuai dengan geometri fitur asalnya yaitu model IFC, sedangkan model CityGML hasil konversi eveBIM tidak representatif karena banyak ditemukan kesalahan. Selanjutnya, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa visualisasi model CityJSON tidak dapat dilakukan pada elemen CityGML yang direpresentasikan dalam LoD-4. Sampai dengan penelitian ini dilakukan, skema encoding CityGML versi 3 belum ditetapkan sebagai standar resmi sehingga perangkat lunak yang menangani konversi IFC ke CityGML masih menggunakan CityGML versi 2.
Angka kriminalitas pada pandemi COVID-19 saat ini terus meningkat. COVID-19 tidak hanya memicu kontraksi terhadap ekonomi tetapi juga peningkatan pengangguran secara besar-besaran hal ini dapat ...menjadi faktor peningkatan angka kriminalitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis pola distribusi spasial, tren data temporal dan analisis pengaruh pandemi COVID-19 terhadap kriminalitas. Metode yang digunakan untuk memvisualisasikan distribusi spasial adalah clustering metode kernel density, data spasio temporal divisualisasikan dengan menggunakan visualisasi time series (deret waktu), untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel lain terhadap angka kriminalitas digunakan analisis statistik regresi dengan metode Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pada tahun 2019 pola distribusi spasial kriminalitas terjadi di Kecamatan Depok, Mlati, Ngaglik berada pada wilayah kriminalitas dengan kerapatan titik yang sangat tinggi, dan tahun 2020 yaitu Kecamatan Depok dan Mlati. Jenis kriminalitas yang banyak terjadi tahun 2019 adalah pencurian dan penganiayaan, sedangkan tahun 2020 jenis kriminalitas penipuan dan penipuan dengan penggelapan. Analisis spasiotemporal tindak kriminalitas paling sering terjadi antara pukul 07.00-13.00 dan 12.01-18.00 yaitu 69,00 % tahun 2019 dan 72,00% tahun 2020. Analisis berdasarkan kebijakan PSBB dan PSBB Transisi terjadi peningkatan rata-rata kriminalitas tiap bulan saat diberlakukannya kebijakan. Berdasarkan nilai predicted hasil analisis GWR wilayah dengan kerawanan tinggi ada pada Kecamatan Depok dengan nilai kerawanan 26,67 tahun 2019 dan 35,54 pada tahun 2020. Model dapat menjelaskan data mengenai kriminalitas di Provinsi DI. Yogyakarta yaitu sebesar 47% untuk tahun 2019 dan 52% tahun 2020. Hasil uji-t, pada data 2019 dan 2020 variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kriminalitas adalah sama yaitu jumlah laki-laki, persentase datang dan pindah dan persentase remaja. Namun pada data 2020 variabel yang berpengaruh lainnya adalah variabel COVID-19 juga signifikan terhadap kriminalitas.
Abstract An area has liquefaction potential when it has a shallow groundwater level, loose sandy soil, and is prone to earthquakes. There are several areas with such criteria that have not been ...analysed for liquefaction potential. This study aims to analyse and plot the liquefaction potential in the coastal area of Loh Buaya, Rinca Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Soil investigation data, such as SPT, sieve analysis, and groundwater level, as well as earthquake history that occurred from 1922-2022, served as the main data for liquefaction potential analyses. The methods used were Ground Motion Equation Prediction (GMPE) to calculate Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), Simplified Procedure, and Liquefaction Severity Index (LSI) to make a liquefaction hazard assessment. LSI scores were used to provide micro-zonation of liquefaction potential with Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation in QGIS. The result obtained is very dense gravel has no liquefaction potential whereas loose sandy soil has very high in LSI classification because loose sandy soil has liquefaction potential up to 20 meters of depth. The applying of micro-zonation LSI by IDW interpolation method can estimate the potential level of liquefaction hazard on Loh Buaya, Rinca Island with limited soil investigation data.
Abstract An area located near an active volcano, subduction zone, and/or active fault has a risk of an earthquake. Earthquakes can cause damage to buildings with a large number of losses. One of the ...earthquake-related parameters required in planning an earthquake-resistant building is the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). The objective of this study is to compare the PGA value at the coastal area of Loh Buaya, Rinca Island, Indonesia, using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) and Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA). The DSHA is calculated based on earthquake data series from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in the period between 1922 to 2022. Also, it is calculated using 10 data of Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE). Data from the USGS is constrained with magnitude > 5.0 M W and earthquake distance < 200 km from the study site. The PSHA is based on the Indonesian earthquake hazard map and the de-aggregation map from the National Earthquake Study Centre of Indonesia with a probability exceeding 2% in 50 years. Based on the parameters of PGA maximum, distance, and magnitude, the DSHA by Kanno method has the closest result to the PSHA. It is concluded that this area has a high earthquake risk with a PGA maximum of more than 0.5 g.
This article evaluates the quality of the national 3-D positioning infrastructure using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to simulate the potential application of multi-GNSS method. The MCDM ...evaluation used coverage and availability of Indonesia Continuous Operating Reference System (INACORS) services, distribution of survey pillars, and accuracy of height determination using the Indonesian Geoid Model (INAGEOID). The term multi-GNSS method refers to the utilization of PPP method as a complement to the conventional differential GNSS method for the production of mapping control points. The results of this evaluation were complemented by a questionnaire analysis on the utilization of positioning infrastructure by respondents from various professional backgrounds. The MCDM evaluation results showed that Java had nearly 100% good or excellent 3-D positioning infrastructure quality. Other regions in Indonesia still had significant areas of average, fair, or even poor quality. The questionnaire results showed that many users have faced some problems in areas with fair or poor infrastructure quality. The application of multi-GNSS method can contribute to reduce up to half of the area with fair and poor positioning infrastructure quality.
High-accuracy peat maps are essential for peatland restoration management, but costly, labor-intensive, and require an extensive amount of peat drilling data. This study offers a new method to create ...an accurate peat depth map while reducing field drilling data up to 75%. Ordinary least square (OLS) adjustments were used to estimate the elevation of the mineral soil surface based on the surrounding soil parameters. Orthophoto and Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) from LiDAR data of Tebing Tinggi Island, Riau, were used to determine morphology, topography, and spatial position parameters to define the DTM and its coefficients. Peat depth prediction models involving 100%, 50%, and 25% of the field points were developed using the OLS computations, and compared against the field survey data. Raster operations in a GIS were used in processing the DTM, to produce peat depth estimations. The results show that the soil map produced from OLS provided peat depth estimations with no significant difference from the field depth data at a mean absolute error of ±1 meter. The use of LiDAR data and the OLS method provides a cost-effective methodology for estimating peat depth and mapping for the purpose of supporting peat restoration.
Keberadaan MRT dan LRT Jakarta bertujuan untuk melakukan perubahan pada pola penggunaan transportasi, dari transportasi pribadi menjadi transportasi umum. Berdasarkan data Menteri Perhubungan, hanya ...32% warga Jakarta yang sehari-harinya menggunakan transportasi umum. Untuk meningkatkan minat pengguna transportasi umum, maka dibutuhkan informasi yang lengkap mengenai berbagai pilihan akses transportasi. Tujuan kegiatan ini yaitu untuk menampilkan informasi peta jaringan MRT/LRT Jakarta dan peta interaktif story map hasil analisis Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) dan service area pada tiap stasiun sebagai penunjang perencanaan guna mencapai transportasi yang berkelanjutan. Peta jaringan MRT/LRT Jakarta dibuat dengan melakukan proses skematisasi, yaitu mengubah peta konvensional menjadi peta skematik yang umumnya digambar lurus dengan sudut tertentu dan banyak digunakan dalam sistem transportasi kota. Peta interaktif story map dibuat melalui platform ESRI Story Map. Visualisasi analisis indeks TOD pada stasiun MRT Jakarta menggunakan hasil perhitungan yang sudah dilakukan oleh Siburian (2020), sedangkan visualisasi analisis indeks TOD pada stasiun LRT Jakarta merupakan hasil perhitungan yang diolah oleh penulis. Nilai indeks TOD dihitung berdasarkan metode Singh (2015) dengan 8 parameter. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa dua stasiun memiliki indeks level tinggi, tiga stasiun dengan level sedang, dan satu stasiun tergolong memiliki level TOD rendah. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan sebuah website yang tersusun atas dua halaman yaitu halaman beranda dan halaman peta. Halaman beranda berisi informasi umum seperti sejarah, tarif, dan waktu perjalanan kereta. Sedangkan halaman peta merupakan halaman inti dari website yang disajikan dalam bentuk peta statik skematik dan peta interaktif story map. Data spasial terkait titik-titik penting, rute perjalanan, kependudukan, serta penggunaan lahan divisualisasikan pada peta sebagai fitur spasial. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi dari pengguna, website yang dihasilkan mampu menyajikan informasi dengan tepat, baik, dan mudah untuk operasikan.
Haze over Sumatera and Kalimantan has been a prolonged trans-boundary issue in South East Asia mainly due to setting fire to drained peatland. At present, fire sources (i.e. hotspots) are located ...based on satellite data. Sensors such as MODIS and AVHRR detect extremes in average temperatures of an area. The hotspots have low spatial resolution and large spatial footprints, thus making it harder to detect fires. This research proposed a ground-based spatial validation of satellite data based on crowdsourcing in order to obtain more accurate estimates of the location and severity of the fire. We developed an Android application for reporting and validating fires in peatlands. Crowd data collected were integrated with satellite hotspot data by the dashboard system as a monitoring platform for government agencies. The 110,888 hectares of Padang Island, in Riau Province, were chosen as the study area given its vulnerability to peatland fire and imminent danger of subsidence as the collateral effect of draining peatlands. Residents of Padang Island tested the use-case scenario of the app to assess its applicability. The study showed the potential use of mobile apps for local communities to help the government validate hotspots for haze mitigation.
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