Heterologous antisera to mouse brain tissue have activity against mouse pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S), but not against granuloid/macrophage committed precursor cells (CFU-C). In these ...studies we show that anti-mouse brain serum raised in a rabbit does not possess specific activity in vitro against late committed erythroid stem cells (CFU-E).
Anguidine, a phase II agent, was used to treat 276 patients with solid tumors. The overall evaluability rate was 68%. Hematologic toxicity was substantial but not prohibitive. There were no complete ...responses, two partial responses, and 12 stabilizations.
Implants of bone and tooth matrix powder were placed subcutaneously (s.c.) on intraperitoneal (i.p.) Mitex or Polyvic membranes. Implants were removed for histology after 1-24 weeks. Macrophages, ...fibroblasts, and vascular sinusoids infiltrated around bone and tooth matrix particles after one week. In the s.c. tooth matrix implants, a few sites of cartilage formation and ossification developed at two weeks, and by three weeks granulocytopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis developed adjacent to new bone; erythropoiesis was not observed. In s.c. bone matrix implants and in the i.p. artificial membranes coated with bone or tooth matrix powder, ossification or hematopoiesis was not observed. Small numbers of CFU-s, CFU-nm, BFU-e, and CFU-e appeared 10-20 days after s.c. implantation of tooth matrix; none were detected in s.c. bone matrix implants.
Rabbits in which bone marrow necrosis is induced often develop myeloproliferation with extra-medullary hemopoiesis. There is a study suggesting that a similar event ensues after mechanical marrow ...ablation. To investigate the latter phenomenon, we flushed and curretted the long bones of rabbits and then plugged their marrow cavities permanently preventing marrow regeneration. Four-8-long bones per rabbit were ablated by this technique. Serial blood evaluations were performed and upon death or sacrifice autopsies were performed. Some animals were followed up to one year. None developed any sigh of a myeloproliferative disorder as judged by leukocytosis, peripheral blood morphology and organ examination for extramedullary hemopoiesis.
BACKGROUND: Interest in alternative therapies is growing rapidly in the United States. We studied the types and prevalence of conventional and alternative therapies used by women in four ethnic ...groups (Latino, white, black, and Chinese) diagnosed with breast cancer from 1990 through 1992 in San Francisco, CA, and explored factors influencing the choices of their therapies. METHODS: Subjects (n = 379) completed a 30-minute telephone interview in their preferred language. Logistic regression models assessed factors associated with the use of alternative therapies after a diagnosis of breast cancer. RESULTS: About one half of the women used at least one type of alternative therapy, and about one third used two types; most therapies were used for a duration of less than 6 months. Both the alternative therapies used and factors influencing the choice of therapy varied by ethnicity. Blacks most often used spiritual healing (36%), Chinese most often used herbal remedies (22%), and Latino women most often used dietary therapies (30%) and spiritual healing (26%). Among whites, 35% used dietary methods and 21% used physical methods, such as massage and acupuncture. In general, women who had a higher educational level or income, were of younger age, had private insurance, and exercised or attended support groups were more likely to use alternative therapies. About half of the women using alternative therapies reported discussing this use with their physicians. More than 90% of the subjects found the therapies helpful and would recommend them to their friends. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high prevalence of alternative therapies used in San Francisco by the four ethnic groups and the relatively poor communication between patients and doctors, physicians who treat patients with breast cancer should initiate dialogues on this topic to better understand patients' choices with regard to treatment options.
The Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) provides Internet access to the complete Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic sequence, its genes and their products, the phenotypes of its mutants, and the ...literature supporting these data. The amount of information and the number of features provided by SGD have increased greatly following the release of the S.cerevisiae genomic sequence, which is currently the only complete sequence of a eukaryotic genome. SGD aids researchers by providing not only basic information, but also tools such as sequence similarity searching that lead to detailed information about features of the genome and relationships between genes. SGD presents information using a variety of user-friendly, dynamically created graphical displays illustrating physical, genetic and sequence feature maps. SGD can be accessed via the World Wide Web at http://genome-www.stanford.edu/Saccharomyces/
Despite growing evidence for a mitochondrial localization of nitric oxide (NO) synthase and a broadening spectrum of NO actions on mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis, the basis for interaction ...between the enzyme and the organelle remain obscure. Here we investigated mitochondrial localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human embryonic kidney cells transfected or infected with eNOS expression vectors. Copurification of eNOS with mitochondria was observed in both human umbilical vein endothelial cells and eNOS-expressing human embryonic kidney cells. Immunodetectable eNOS was cleaved from mitochondria by proteinase K treatment, suggesting eNOS association with the outer mitochondrial membrane. Localization of eNOS to a proteinase K-cleavable site on the cytoplasmic face of the outer membrane was confirmed by immunogold labeling of non-permeabilized mitochondria. Markers for mitochondrial subfractions ruled out the possibility of eNOS association with an intramitochondrial site or inverted mitochondrial particles. Denaturation of eNOS did not attenuate association with mitochondria. Mutant eNOS lacking a pentabasic amino acid sequence within the autoinhibitory domain (residues 628-632 of the bovine eNOS) showed dramatically reduced binding to the mitochondrial but not to the plasma membrane, which was associated with increased oxygen consumption. Collectively, these findings argue in favor of eNOS localization to the outer mitochondrial membrane in endothelial cells and identify elements of a novel anchoring mechanism.
FITC-labelled bovine serum albumin has been entrapped in sub-5 micron particles of poly(
dl-lactide-co-glycolide copolymer) (PLG) using a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsification-solvent ...evaporation technique. The concentration of PVA stabiliser in the external continuous phase was found to affect not only the particle size, size distribution and protein content but also the release characteristics and internal structure of the microparticles. The importance of primary emulsification was underlined by the finding that the protein content of microparticles with mean size 1
μm could be increased from about 1% w/w to around 12% w/w by increasing the amount of protein added to the primary emulsion and the homogenisation time in this stage. Under conditions of low stabiliser concentration, multi-nucleate particles formed by polymer precipitation and envelopment of the droplets of the primary w/o emulsion. In this case surface protein loading was of the order of 30% w/w. Under conditions of high PVA stabiliser concentration, disruption of the primary emulsion occurred, resulting in sub-micron particles which were characterised by a high surface protein loading of the order of 70% w/w. A mechanism for protein microencapsulation is presented which is heavily influenced by the shear stresses induced during the process of secondary emulsification. This can explain certain aspects of the relationship between microparticle size and size distribution, protein content and release and the structural characteristics of microparticles produced using the w/o/w emulsification/solvent evaporation technique.
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