Prionus laticollis (Drury, 1773) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), the broad necked root borer, is a known pest of numerous woody plant species. Larvae feed on and can severely damage roots and lower ...trunks, causing decline or structural weakness. It has been documented infesting commercial apple plantings in New York and New England, notably in recent years when infestations caused tree decline and death in an established orchard in Northport, New York. As with other Prionus species found in the U.S.A., males are attracted to all four isomers of 3,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid, the female-produced sex pheromone of the related species, P. californicus Motschulsky, 1845. We conducted field trials using a commercial mix of this pheromone to monitor occurrence, phenology and abundance of P. laticollis in several orchard and mixed hardwood habitats in New York from 2010–2015. Male beetles were readily captured in all locations using pitfall traps baited with a commercial synthetic pheromone blend of all possible isomers, with maximum seasonal totals of 112–145 beetles per site. The first beetles were captured from 19 June to 4 July, corresponding to 436–691 degree-days (base 10°C) from 1 January, depending on year and location. A 2012 lure comparison between the single-isomer natural pheromone and the four-isomer blend showed no significant differences in numbers of beetles captured. Beetle catch generally peaked within two weeks of initial flight each year, with most activity occurring throughout July. A distinct decrease in beetle numbers was noted at the Geneva location over the course of repeated annual trapping trials, possibly reflecting a negative impact on the local population.
Damage to apple (Malus domestica Borkhausen) by Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), has occurred even when effective insecticides are applied against nymphs present at the petal fall stage. However, ...insecticide application at pink bud prevents damage more effectively than when the same insecticides are applied at petal fall. We tested the hypothesis that most mullein bug damage occurs between bloom and petal fall by using two approaches. In the first, we caged naturally occurring nymphs on ‘Red Delicious’ limbs and restricted their possible infestation timing by applying insecticides both before cages were placed and also through the cage at various crop stages from bloom through fruit set. In a second approach, we caged Red Delicious and ‘McIntosh’ fruit clusters and introduced either small or large nymphs at various times from bloom through 3 wk after fruit set. Fruit damage on both varieties was greatest when small nymphs were introduced between bloom and petal fall; damage was uncommon from small nymphs introduced after fruit were ≈6 mm, and absent after the 13 mm size. However, damage was greater in cages into which large nymphs were introduced at 10–13 mm, than in untreated control cages. Fruit damage levels were equivalent on McIntosh and Red Delicious. We compared emergence of nymphs from McIntosh shoots with adjacent plantings of other, more susceptible cultivars by forcing hatch in the laboratory from cuttings collected in late winter. Significantly more nymphs hatched from susceptible varieties than from McIntosh, suggesting possible differences in levels of oviposition.
Performance of HPGe detectors in high magnetic fields Sanchez Lorente, A.; Achenbach, P.; Agnello, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
2007, Letnik:
573, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A new generation of high-resolution hypernuclear
γ
-spectroscopy experiments with high-purity germanium detectors (HPGe) are presently designed at the FINUDA spectrometer at DA
Φ
NE, the Frascati
φ
...-factory, and at
P
¯
ANDA, the
p
¯
p
hadron spectrometer at the future FAIR facility. Both, the FINUDA and
P
¯
ANDA
spectrometers are built around the target region covering a large solid angle. To maximise the detection efficiency the HPGe detectors have to be located near the target, and therefore they have to be operated in strong magnetic fields (
B
≈
1
T
). The performance of HPGe detectors in such an environment has not been well investigated so far. In the present work VEGA and EUROBALL Cluster HPGe detectors were tested in the field provided by the ALADiN magnet at GSI. No significant degradation of the energy resolution was found, and a change in the rise time distribution of the pulses from preamplifiers was observed. A correlation between rise time and pulse height was observed and is used to correct the measured energy, recovering the energy resolution almost completely. Moreover, no problems in the electronics due to the magnetic field were observed.
Abstract
Halyomorpha halys (Stål), the brown marmorated stink bug, is a globally invasive stink bug species. Its first major outbreak was in the United States, where it has caused millions of dollars ...in damage, threatened livelihoods of specialty crop growers and impacted row crop growers, and become an extreme nuisance pest in and around dwellings. The BMSB IPM Working Group, funded by the Northeastern IPM Center, was central to providing a mechanism to form a multidisciplinary team and develop initial and subsequent research, Extension, regulatory and consumer priorities. Ultimately, a project team consisting of over 50 scientists from 11 institutions in 10 states obtained the largest ever USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative CAP grant, totaling over $10.7 million, to tackle this crisis over a 5-yr period (2011–2016). Researchers and Extension educators integrated stakeholder feedback throughout the course of the project, and priorities evolved according to needs of affected growers and public stakeholders. Initially, the team focused on identification of H. halys, its damage symptoms and crop-specific risks, and short-term mitigation strategies for crop protection. Subsequently, work focused on its biology, ecology, and behavior leading to the development of potential longer-term IPM tactics and landscape level management solutions, including biological control. This work continues under a second SCRI CAP grant (2016–2021). The information from the initial team reached an estimated 22,000 specialty crop stakeholder contacts via Extension efforts, and over 600 million people via mainstream media. We highlight the main lessons learned from coordinating a national response to the threat posed by H. halys to agriculture in the United States.
The FINUDA experiment collected data to study the production of hypernuclei on different nuclear targets. The hypernucleus formation occurred through the strangeness-exchange reaction ...Kstop−+ZA→ZΛA+π−. From the analysis of the momentum of the emerging π−, binding energies and formation probabilities of LiΛ7, BeΛ9, CΛ13 and OΛ16 have been measured and are here presented. The behavior of the formation probability as a function of the atomic mass number A is also discussed.
An invariant differential cross section measurement of inclusive Formula omitted and Formula omitted meson production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at Formula omitted TeV was carried out by the ...ALICE experiment at the LHC. The spectra of Formula omitted and Formula omitted mesons were measured in transverse momentum ranges of Formula omitted Formula omitted and Formula omitted Formula omitted, respectively. Next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations using fragmentation functions DSS14 for the Formula omitted and AESSS for the Formula omitted overestimate the cross sections of both neutral mesons, although such calculations agree with the measured Formula omitted ratio within uncertainties. The results were also compared with PYTHIA 8.2 predictions for which the Monash 2013 tune yields the best agreement with the measured neutral meson spectra. The measurements confirm a universal behavior of the Formula omitted ratio seen for NA27, PHENIX and ALICE data for pp collisions from Formula omitted GeV to Formula omitted TeV within experimental uncertainties. A relation between the Formula omitted and Formula omitted production cross sections for pp collisions at Formula omitted TeV is given by Formula omitted scaling for Formula omitted Formula omitted. However, a deviation from this empirical scaling rule is observed for transverse momenta below Formula omitted Formula omitted in the Formula omitted ratio with a significance of Formula omitted.
A 3-year demonstration study was conducted in four western New York apple orchards to evaluate current approaches of sustainable pest management in representative commercial orchards. Pests that ...could be tolerated were regulated by natural antagonists, including predatory mites that were introduced to supplement endemic populations, while those with lower tolerance levels were managed with a schedule of selective pesticides, e.g., insect growth regulators and horticultural mineral oil. Pesticide application decisions (timing and materials) were made on the basis of current state extension guidelines, which involved a combination of protectant and threshold-based sprays determined through timely scouting and sampling procedures. Only non-toxic or minimally toxic pesticides to the principal mite and aphid predators were applied in the orchards. By the third season, effective conservation biological control of European red mite was achieved in all orchards, and fruit quality at harvest was equal or superior to that in comparison blocks managed using the growers’ conventional practices.
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