Inosine Acedoben Dimepranol (IAD), licensed for the treatment of cell-mediated immune deficiencies associated with viral infections, has been reported to impact a variety of immune parameters both in ...vitro and in vivo. Here we report the results from a clinical trial where multiple lymphocyte subsets – CD19+ B cells, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T-helper cells, FoxP3hi/CD25hi/CD127lo regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD3−/CD56+ NK cells, and CD3+/CD56+ NKT cells – were, together with serum immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses, followed during 14days of IAD administration to ten healthy volunteers; these selected from 27 individuals pre-screened in vitro for their capacity to respond to IAD as gauged by increases in the percentage of Treg and/or NKT cells arising in PHA-stimulated cultures. While a transient spike and dip in Treg and T-helper fractions, respectively, was noted, the outstanding consequence of IAD administration (1g po, qds) was an early and durable rise in NK cells. For half the cohort, NK cells increased as a percentage of total peripheral blood lymphocytes within 1.5h of receiving drug. By Day 5, all but one of the volunteers displayed higher NK cell percentages, such elevation – effectively a doubling or greater – being maintained at termination of study. The IAD-induced populations were as replete in Granzyme A and Perforin as basal NK cells. The novel finding of IAD boosting phenotypically competent NK numbers in healthy individuals supports the drug's indicated benefit in conditions associated with viral infection and reinforces the potential for uplift where immune performance may be compromised.
•Inosine Acedoben Dimepranol (IAD) is a licensed immuno-modulatory drug.•IAD increases the proportion of Treg and NKT cells in vitro.•A clinical trial was established to assess IAD impact in vivo.•IAD in vivo promoted a rapid and durable rise in NK cells.•The trial supports IAD's indicated benefit in immuno-compromised individuals.
The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is critical to improve TB treatment and control, and the T-SPOT.TB test is a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay used for this ...purpose. The objective of the study was to increase automation and extend the time between blood collection and processing for the T-SPOT.TB test from 0 to 8 h to 0 to 54 h. The previous maximum time between blood collection and processing for the T-SPOT.TB test is 32 h using T-Cell Xtend. For this, we compared the T-SPOT.TB test using manual peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation by density gradient separation at 0 to 8 h (reference method, control arm) to an automated PBMC isolation method using magnetic beads (T-Cell Select kit) at 0 to 55 h postcollection. A total of 620 subjects were enrolled from 4 study sites, and blood samples were collected from each volunteer, comprising 1,850 paired samples in total. Overall agreement between both methods was 96.8% (confidence interval CI, 95.9 to 97.6%), with 95.8% (CI, 93.5 to 97.5%) positive and 97.1% negative agreement (CI, 96.1 to 97.9%). In summary, there was a strong overall agreement between the automated and manual T-SPOT.TB test processing methods. The results suggest that the T-SPOT.TB test can be processed using automated positive selection with magnetic beads using T-Cell Select to decrease hands-on time. Also, this cell isolation method allowed for the time between blood collection and processing to range from 0 to 55 h. Additional studies in larger and diverse patient populations including immunocompromised and pediatric patients are needed.
Memory lymphocytes support inflammatory and immune responses. To do this, they enter tissue via blood vascular endothelial cells (BVEC) and leave tissue via lymphatic vascular endothelial cells ...(LVEC). In this study, we describe a hierarchy of signals, including novel regulatory steps, which direct the sequential migration of human T cells across the blood and the lymphatic EC. Cytokine-stimulated (TNF and IFN) human BVEC preferentially recruited memory T cells from purified PBL. Lymphocyte recruitment from flow could be blocked using a function-neutralizing Ab against CXCR3. However, a receptor antagonist directed against the PGD(2) receptor DP2 (formerly chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells) inhibited transendothelial migration, demonstrating that the sequential delivery of the chemokine and prostanoid signals was required for efficient lymphocyte recruitment. CD4(+) T cells recruited by BVEC migrated with significantly greater efficiency across a second barrier of human LVEC, an effect reproduced by the addition of exogenous PGD(2) to nonmigrated cells. Migration across BVEC or exogenous PGD(2) modified the function, but not the expression, of CCR7, so that chemotaxis toward CCL21 was significantly enhanced. Thus, chemokines may not regulate all stages of lymphocyte migration during inflammation, and paradigms describing their trafficking may need to account for the role of PGD(2).
The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is critical to improve TB treatment and control, and the T-SPOT.
TB
test is a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay used for ...this purpose. The objective of the study was to increase automation and extend the time between blood collection and processing for the T-SPOT.
TB
test from 0 to 8 h to 0 to 54 h.
ABSTRACT
The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is critical to improve TB treatment and control, and the T-SPOT.
TB
test is a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay used for this purpose. The objective of the study was to increase automation and extend the time between blood collection and processing for the T-SPOT.
TB
test from 0 to 8 h to 0 to 54 h. The previous maximum time between blood collection and processing for the T-SPOT.
TB
test is 32 h using T-Cell
Xtend
. For this, we compared the T-SPOT.
TB
test using manual peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation by density gradient separation at 0 to 8 h (reference method, control arm) to an automated PBMC isolation method using magnetic beads (T-Cell
Select
kit) at 0 to 55 h postcollection. A total of 620 subjects were enrolled from 4 study sites, and blood samples were collected from each volunteer, comprising 1,850 paired samples in total. Overall agreement between both methods was 96.8% (confidence interval CI, 95.9 to 97.6%), with 95.8% (CI, 93.5 to 97.5%) positive and 97.1% negative agreement (CI, 96.1 to 97.9%). In summary, there was a strong overall agreement between the automated and manual T-SPOT.
TB
test processing methods. The results suggest that the T-SPOT.
TB
test can be processed using automated positive selection with magnetic beads using T-Cell
Select
to decrease hands-on time. Also, this cell isolation method allowed for the time between blood collection and processing to range from 0 to 55 h. Additional studies in larger and diverse patient populations including immunocompromised and pediatric patients are needed.
The recruitment of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to sites of inflammation and their subsequent traffic into the lymphatic circulation is important in host defense. However, surprisingly little ...is known about their recruitment from the blood vasculature into inflamed tissue, and almost nothing about their egress from inflamed tissue via the lymphatic circulation. We showed that both human macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells stimulated by TNF\(\alpha\) and IFN\(\gamma\), preferentially recruited memory T-lymphocytes (CD45RO positive cells) from a mixed pool of PBL. T-cells that had migrated across vascular endothelial cells subsequently utilised a combination of \(\beta\)1 and \(\beta\)2 integrins to traverse cytokine activated lymphatic endothelium. In addition we provide evidence that PGD2 was critical for the transmigration of lymphocytes through vascular endothelium. The process of trans-lymphatic migration was also significantly retarded in the presence of a function neutralising antibody against CCR7. Most importantly, we observed that memory T-cells showed a markedly enhanced capacity to migrate across lymphatic endothelium if they had first traversed a vascular endothelial cell barrier. We have shown that addition of exogenous PGD2 to isolated lymphocytes is able to restore the enhanced migration capacity of lymphocytes that have previously migrated through a vascular monolayer. The nature of the priming signal delivered by the process of migration across blood vessel endothelium remains to be fully identified, but is likely to be important in regulating the dynamics of an inflammatory response.
Automated anti-collision system for automobiles Sanjana, Tasneem; Fuad, Kazi Ahmed Asif; Habib, Mehrab Masayeed ...
2017 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE),
2017-Feb.
Conference Proceeding
Automated anti-collision system by detecting obstacles for automobile industry is one the emerging technologies nowadays. An automated vehicle anti-collision system is an automobile safety system ...which prevents collision among cars and objects automatically. In this paper, we have discussed about implementation of the prototype of our designed microcontroller based automated car anti-collision system. Our system specializes in detecting obstacles by sharp distance sensor and alerts within close distance of collision and hereafter brakes automatically by actuator in critical distance without the help of driving person. If somehow driver fails avoiding the collision, this system will automatically stop the vehicle as it monitors the condition of the vehicle continuously. So it is a user friendly and versatile system which can prevent road accidents, reduce the rate of accidents as well as accidental death of human life. It can be used in any kind of automobile vehicle as it's a cost effective system.
The recruitment of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to sites of inflammation and their subsequent traffic into the lymphatic circulation is important in host defense. However, surprisingly little ...is known about their recruitment from the blood vasculature into inflamed tissue, and almost nothing about their egress from inflamed tissue via the lymphatic circulation. We showed that both human macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells stimulated by TNF\(\alpha\) and IFN\(\gamma\), preferentially recruited memory T-lymphocytes (CD45RO positive cells) from a mixed pool of PBL. T-cells that had migrated across vascular endothelial cells subsequently utilised a combination of \(\beta\)1 and \(\beta\)2 integrins to traverse cytokine activated lymphatic endothelium. In addition we provide evidence that PGD2 was critical for the transmigration of lymphocytes through vascular endothelium. The process of trans-lymphatic migration was also significantly retarded in the presence of a function neutralising antibody against CCR7. Most importantly, we observed that memory T-cells showed a markedly enhanced capacity to migrate across lymphatic endothelium if they had first traversed a vascular endothelial cell barrier. We have shown that addition of exogenous PGD2 to isolated lymphocytes is able to restore the enhanced migration capacity of lymphocytes that have previously migrated through a vascular monolayer. The nature of the priming signal delivered by the process of migration across blood vessel endothelium remains to be fully identified, but is likely to be important in regulating the dynamics of an inflammatory response.
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