Background
Nuclear grade is of importance for treatment selection and prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Purpose
To develop and validate an MRI‐based radiomic model ...for preoperative predicting WHO/ISUP nuclear grade in ccRCC.
Study Type
Retrospective.
Population
In all, 379 patients with histologically confirmed ccRCC. Training cohort (n = 252) and validation cohort (n = 127) were randomly assigned.
Field Strength/Sequence
Pretreatment 3.0T renal MRI. Imaging sequences were fat‐suppressed T2WI, contrast‐enhanced T1WI, and diffusion weighted imaging.
Assessment
Three prediction models were developed using selected radiomic features, radiomic and clinicoradiologic characteristics, and a model containing only clinicoradiologic characteristics. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the predictive performance of these models in predicting high‐grade ccRCC.
Statistical Tests
The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) method were used for the selection of radiomic features and clinicoradiologic characteristics, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the radiomic signature of radiomic features and clinicoradiologic model of clinicoradiologic characteristics.
Results
The radiomic signature showed good performance in discriminating high‐grade (grades 3 and 4) from low‐grade (grades 1 and 2) ccRCC, with sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of 77.3%, 80.0%, and 0.842, respectively, in the validation cohort. The radiomic model, combining radiomic signature and clinicoradiologic characteristics, displayed good predictive ability for high‐grade with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 63.6%, 93.3%, and 88.2%, respectively, in the validation cohort. The radiomic model showed a significantly better performance than the clinicoradiologic model (P < 0.05).
Data Conclusion
Multiparametric MRI‐based radiomic model can predict WHO/ISUP grade in patients with ccRCC with satisfying performance, and thus could help the physician to improve treatment decisions.
Level of Evidence
3
Technical Efficacy Stage
2
Aliphatic ω‐amino fatty acids (ω‐AFAs) and α,ω‐diamines (α,ω‐DMs) are essential monomers for the production of nylons. Development of a sustainable biosynthesis route for ω‐AFAs and α,ω‐DMs is ...crucial in addressing the challenges posed by climate change. Herein, we constructed an unprecedented thermodynamically favorable multi‐enzyme cascade (TherFavMEC) for the efficient sustainable biosynthesis of ω‐AFAs and α,ω‐DMs from cheap α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids (α,ω‐DAs). This TherFavMEC was developed by incorporating bioretrosynthesis analysis tools, reaction Gibbs free energy calculations, thermodynamic equilibrium shift strategies and cofactor (NADPH&ATP) regeneration systems. The molar yield of 6‐aminohexanoic acid (6‐ACA) from adipic acid (AA) was 92.3 %, while the molar yield from 6‐ACA to 1,6‐hexanediamine (1,6‐HMD) was 96.1 %, which were significantly higher than those of previously reported routes. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of ω‐AFAs and α,ω‐DMs from 20.0 mM α,ω‐DAs (C6‐C9) was also performed, giving 11.2 mM 1,6‐HMD (56.0 % yield), 14.8 mM 1,7‐heptanediamine (74.0 % yield), 17.4 mM 1,8‐octanediamine (87.0 % yield), and 19.7 mM 1,9‐nonanediamine (98.5 % yield), respectively. The titers of 1,9‐nonanediamine, 1,8‐octanediamine, 1,7‐heptanediamine and 1,6‐HMD were improved by 328‐fold, 1740‐fold, 87‐fold and 3.8‐fold compared to previous work. Therefore, this work holds great potential for the bioproduction of ω‐AFAs and α,ω‐DMs.
Two thermodynamically favorable multi‐enzyme cascade (Module 1 and Module 2) were constructed for synthesis of important nylon monomers, ω‐AFAs and α,ω‐DMs from cheap and readily available bio‐based α,ω‐DAs, with the higest titers of 11.2–19.7 mM. The titers of 1,9‐nonanediamine,1,8‐octanediamine, 1,7‐heptanediamine and 1,6‐HMD were improved by 328‐fold, 1740‐fold, 87‐fold and 3.8‐fold compared to previous work.
As the current outbreak of COVID-2019 disease has spread to the other more than 150 countries besides China around the world and the death number constantly increased, the clinical data and ...radiological findings of death cases need to be explored so that more physicians, radiologists and researchers can gain important information to save more lives.
73 patients who died from COVID-19 were retrospectively included. The clinical and laboratory data of the patients were extracted from electronic medical records. The clinical data, inflammation-related laboratory results, and CT imaging features were summarized. The laboratory results and dynamic changes of imaging features and severity scores of lung involvement based on chest CT were analyzed.
The mean age was 67±12 years. The typical clinical symptoms included fever (88%), cough (62%) and dyspnea (23%). 65% patients had at least one underlying disease. GGO with consolidation was the most common feature for the five lung lobes (47%-53% among the various lobes), with total severity score of 12.97±5.87 for the both lungs. The proportion of GGO with consolidation is markedly increased on follow-up chest CT compared with initial CT scans, as well as the averaging total CT scores (14.53±5.76 vs. 6.60±5.65; P<0.001). The severity score was rated as severe (white lung) in 13% patients on initial CT scans, and in 60% on follow-up CT scans. Moderate positive correlations were found between CT scores and leucocytes, neutrophils and IL-2R (r = 0.447-0581, P<0.001).
Chest CT findings and laboratory test results were worsening in patients who died of COVID-19, with moderate positive correlations between CT severity scores and inflammation-related factors of leucocytes, neutrophils, and IL-2R. Chest CT imaging may play an more important role in monitoring disease progression and predicting prognosis.
The P450‐mediated terminal hydroxylation of non‐activated C−H bonds is a chemically challenging reaction. CYP153A7 monooxygenase, discovered in Sphingomonas sp. HXN200, belongs to the CYP153A ...subfamily and shows a pronounced terminal selectivity. Herein, we report the significantly improved terminal hydroxylation activity of CYP153A7 by redesign of the substrate binding pocket based on molecular docking of CYP153A7−C8:0 and sequence alignments. Some of the resultant single mutants were advantageous over the wild‐type enzyme with higher reaction rates, achieving a complete conversion of n‐octanoic acid (C8:0, 1 mM) in a shorter time period. Especially, a single‐mutation variant, D258E, showed 3.8‐fold higher catalytic efficiency than the wild type toward the terminal hydroxylation of medium‐chain fatty acid C8:0 to the high value‐added product 8‐hydroxyoctanoic acid.
Make activation of C‐H bond feasible: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) catalyze the terminal hydroxylation of fatty acids to form ω‐hydroxy fatty acids. To date, available P450s for the terminal hydroxylation of fatty acids stalls at CYP153A subfamily members, which have the limitation of low activity and poor thermostability. We, therefore, adopted directed evolution to generate P450pyr mutants with higher catalytic efficiency toward medium‐chain fatty acids. The results show that mutants toward C6−C12 fatty acids display improved analytical yields of ω‐hydroxy fatty acids.
To analyse the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) early imaging features and the changing trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.
Forty-six patients with COVID-19 pneumonia ...who had an isolated lesion on the first positive CT were enrolled in this study. The following parameters were recorded for each lesion: sites, sizes, location (peripheral or central), attenuation (ground-glass opacity or consolidation), and other abnormalities (supply pulmonary artery dilation, air bronchogram, interstitial thickening, etc.). The follow-up CT images were compared with the previous CT scans, and the development of the lesions was evaluated.
The lesions tended to be peripheral and subpleural. All the lesions exhibited ground-glass opacity with or without consolidation. A higher proportion of supply pulmonary artery dilation (89.13 % 41/46) and air bronchogram (69.57 % 32/46) were found. Other findings included thickening of the intralobular interstitium and a halo sign of ground glass around a solid nodule. Cavitation, calcification or lymphadelopathy were not observed. The reticular patterns were noted from the 14 days after symptoms onset in 7 of 20 patients (45 %). At 22–31 days, the lesions were completely absorbed only in 2 of 7 patients (28.57 %).
The typical early CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are ground-glass opacity, and located peripheral or subpleural location, and with supply pulmonary artery dilation. Reticulation was evident after the 2nd week and persisted in half of patients evaluated in 4 weeks after the onset. Long-term follow-up is required to determine whether the reticulation represents irreversible fibrosis.
The effects of stacking sequence changes of the close-packed plane in a long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase on the hot deformation behavior, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) evolution and hot ...workability of Mg–2.0Zn–0.3Zr–5.8Y alloy were investigated by compression test. A 14H LPSO phase crystal was fabricated by annealing a solidified crystal with a 18R LPSO structure at 500°C for 20h. Compression experiments were performed in temperature range of 300–500°C and strain rate range of 0.001–1s−1 using Gleeble 1500D thermo-mechanical simulator.
Based on the regression analysis for the Arrhenius type equation of flow behavior, the apparent average activation energy of deformation was determined as Q=348.4KJ/mol. The kinetics of DRX evolution is calculated as XDRX=1−exp−2.1542((ε−εc)/ε⁎)1.5119. The DRX mechanism of the 14H LPSO phase is almost similar to that of the 18R LPSO phase. On comparison of the alloy with 18R LPSO phase, the formation of lamellar 14H LPSO phase in the Mg matrix can delay the DRX and hinder the growth of DRX grains significantly at the same deformation condition. The transformation of 18R LPSO phase to 14H LPSO phase reduced the workability of Mg–2.0Zn–0.3Zr–5.8Y at low deformation temperatures. The processing map exhibits a deformation domain of complete DRX occurring in the temperature range 454–500°C and strain rate range of 0.001–0.01s−1, which are the optimum processing parameters.
The effects of cadmium stress on the growth, antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in two kenaf plants, Fuhong 991 and ZM412, were analysed under control (0.5-strength Hoagland's nutrient ...solution) or five levels of cadmium stress (0.5-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution containing different concentrations of Cd2+). The leaves and roots of control and cadmium-stressed plants were harvested after 3 wk. At the same Cd concentration, the Cd tolerance index of Fuhong 991 was higher than that of ZM412, indicating that Fuhong 991 may be more tolerant to Cd than ZM412. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities fluctuated in the leaves of the Cd-stressed plants compared to the control, whereas the glutathione reductase activity (GR) was much larger than the control for Fuhong 991, ensuring that sufficient quantities of GSH were available to respond to the cadmium stress. In comparison to the control, the dynamic tendency of the SOD, CAT and POD activities in roots of the Cd-stressed plants all increased and then declined, but the POD activity of Fuhong 991 remained nearly unchanged at all of the stress levels. The increase in the enzyme activities demonstrated that Fuhong 991 was more tolerant to cadmium than ZM 412. The lipid peroxidation was enhanced only in the leaves of Cd-stressed ZM 412. These findings indicated that antioxidative activities may play important roles in Cd-stressed Fuhong 991 and ZM 412 and that the leaf and root cell membranes of Fuhong 991 have a greater stability than those of ZM 412. For pollution monitoring purposes, the GR activity in the roots and leaves may serve as a biomarker of Cd for Fuhong 991, whereas lipid peroxidation may serve as biomarker for ZM 412.
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