The consumption of fish and fish products can significantly contribute to the overall intake of metals in the human body, which depends on the level of contamination and dietary habits in each ...country. In this study, 185 samples of the 14 most frequently consumed domestically farmed and imported marine fish and fish products and exclusively domestically farmed freshwater fish available on the market in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) were analysed for the presence of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). None of the sampled fish or fish products contained these heavy metals at levels above the prescribed maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) in B&H and the EU. The mean concentrations of the tested heavy metals were higher in marine fishes and their products compared to freshwater fishes. A study of the dietary habits of 527 consumers in B&H identified that the dietary exposure via fish and fish products to methylmercury (MeHg), inorganic mercury (IHg) and Cd was significantly below the tolerable weekly intake (TWI). In excessive fish consumers (those in the top 95 percentile), the dietary exposure to MeHg was close to the maximum recommended TWI. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) for Hg was significantly above 1 in the worst-case scenario for both freshwater and marine fish species, indicating possible risk to excessive consumers. In average and excessive B&H consumers, dietary exposure to Cd was estimated as significantly below the recommended TWI. Dietary exposure to total arsenic (tAs) in average and excessive consumers ranged within the acceptable values. The dietary exposure of B&H consumers to inorganic arsenic (iAs) from fish and fish products was significantly below the exposure previously determined in the population from EU countries. The results of this study suggest that fish and fish products at retail level in B&H, considering the content of the most important heavy metals and consumers’ eating habits, present low risks for consumers.
•All fish samples contained heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd and As) at levels below the MAC.•Dietary exposure to MeHg, IHg and Cd was significantly below the TWI.•Freshwater fish produced in B&H contributes very little to human heavy metal exposure.•Fish sold on the B&H market present low risks to average consumers.•The THQ for Hg in the WCS indicates possible risk to excessive consumers.
More than 30 dog parasite species have been identified in Bosnia and Herzegovina so far, and half of these are zoonotic. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of parasitic infections ...in dogs from Bosnian-podrinje canton with a focus on zoonotic parasites. The study included 212 dogs (107 owned and 105 stray). One or more of the twenty parasite species were found in 82.55% of tested samples.
(Class Trematoda) was found in 0.94% of dogs.
and
(Class Cestoda) were found in 7.55% and 0.94% of dogs, respectively.
spp. and
spp. (Family Taeniidae) were found in 0.47% and 0.94% of samples, respectively. In the family of Nematoda, the following parasite species were identified with corresponding percent among tested dogs:
(25.94%),
(8.96%),
(0.47%),
(3.77%),
(52.36%),
(22.17%),
(1.42%),
(1.89%) and
(1.42%). In the kingdom of Protozoa, the following parasite species were identified with corresponding percent among tested dogs:
(8.49%),
(2.36%),
spp. (4.72%),
spp. (0.47%),
spp. (5.19%), and
(15.57%).
was not identified in tested samples. The results showed a high level of parasitic infestation in the dog population in the Bosnian-Podrinje canton, with a high occurrence of zoonotic parasites. Significant differences were found between owned and stray dogs for all classes of detected parasites with exception of the class Trematoda, disregarding specific parasite species.
According to the WHO (2019), more than 1.5 billion people worldwide are infected with soil-transmitted parasites. Previous research in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H) was mainly ...conducted in the area of the Sarajevo Canton. Therefore, the aim of the research was to explore contamination of soil and vegetation with developmental forms of parasites in the other cantons of FB&H.
Between Apr and Oct 2018, a total of 1,618 soil and vegetation samples were taken from 386 different locations in the 9 cantons of the FB&H.
Positive samples were observed, 65/66 (98.48%) municipalities/cities and on 239/386 (61.92%) locations. Out of 1,618 samples taken in total (1,263 soil samples and 355 vegetation samples), 357 (22.06%) were positive, out of which 337 (26.68%) and 20 (5.63%) were soil and plant samples, respectively. In total, the following adult and developmental forms were identified: Taeniidae eggs (7.30%),
spp. eggs (62.08%), Ancylostomatidae eggs (25.00%),
spp. eggs (9.55%),
spp. eggs (3.37%),
eggs (1.40%), Nematodes larvae (19.38%),
cysts (5.06%),
spp. oocysts (1.4%), oocysts and cysts of different species of Protozoa (3.93%).
The identified developmental forms of parasites pose a permanent threat to human health. It is necessary to carry out measures to reduce the contamination of soil and vegetation in coordination with systematic solutions (legislation), paralelly with contribution of animal owners, veterinarians, physicians, ecologists, parents and all the others involved in this issue.
Listeria monocytogenes NCTC10527 was examined with respect to its nonthermal inactivation kinetics in fermented sausages from four European countries: Serbia-Montenegro, Hungary, Croatia, and ...Bosnia-Herzegovina. The goal was to quantify the effect of fermentation and ripening conditions on L. monocytogenes with the simultaneous presence or absence of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (i.e., Lactobacillus sakei). Different models were used to fit the experimental data and to calculate the kinetic parameters. The best model was chosen based on statistical comparisons. The Baranyi model was selected because it fitted the data better in most (73%) of the cases. The results from the challenge experiments and the subsequent statistical analysis indicated that relative to the control condition the addition of L. sakei strains reduced the time required for a 4-log reduction of L. monocytogenes (t4D). In contrast, the addition of the bacteriocins mesenterocin Y and sakacin P decreased the t4D values for only the Serbian product. A case study for risk assessment also was conducted. The data of initial population and t4D collected from all countries were described by a single distribution function. Storage temperature, packaging method, pH, and water activity of the final products were used to calculate the inactivation of L. monocytogenes that might occur during storage of the final product (U.S. Department of Agriculture Pathogen Modeling Program version 7.0). Simulation results indicated that the addition of L. sakei strains significantly decreased the simulated L. monocytogenes concentration of ready-to-eat fermented sausages at the time of consumption.
Listeria je patogen prenosiv hranom i predstavlja veliku opasnost za ljudsko zdravlje. Teški su simptomi praćeni visokom stopom mortaliteta većinom prouzročeni L. monocytogenes. Bez obzira na ...politiku nulte tolerancije, rod Listeria je još uvijek prisutan u sirovim proizvodima i proizvodima spremnim za konzumiranje, predstavljajući veliku opasnost za zdravlje ljudi. Za sada još u bliskoj budućnosti ne postoje studije o kontaminaciji hrane vrstama Listeria u Bosni i Hercegovini. Ovim istraživanjem htjeli smo dobiti osnovne podatke o količini kontaminiranosti hrane ovim patogenom. U studiji je analizirano ukupno 238 uzoraka hrane, pri čemu su u 105 uzorka bile različite vrste sirove hrane te 133 uzorka hrane spremne za konzumaciju (gotove hrane). Od ukupno 238 uzoraka, 18 uzoraka je bilo pozitivno na Listeria vrste. Nakon izolacije i detekcije, konfirmacija pozitivnih izolata Listeria spp. je provedena pomoću biokemijskog kita API® Listeria.
Taenia solium and Taenia saginata are food-borne parasites of global importance. In eastern Europe only fragmented information is available on the epidemiology of these zoonotic parasites in humans ...and animal populations. In particular for T. solium, on-going transmission is suspected. The aim of this systematic review was to collect the available data and describe the current knowledge on the epidemiology of T. solium and T. saginata in eastern Europe.
Literature published in international databases from 1990 to 2017 was systematically reviewed. Furthermore, local sources and unpublished data from national databases were retrieved from local eastern European experts. The study area included 22 countries.
Researchers from 18 out of the 22 countries provided data from local and unpublished sources, while no contacts could be established with researchers from Belarus, Kosovo, Malta and Ukraine. Taeniosis and human cysticercosis cases were reported in 14 and 15 out of the 22 countries, respectively. Estonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Slovakia reported cases of porcine cysticercosis. Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Ukraine reported bovine cysticercosis.
There is indication that taeniosis and cysticercosis are present across eastern Europe but information on the occurrence of T. solium and T. saginata across the region remains incomplete. Available data are scarce and species identification is in most cases absent. Given the public health impact of T. solium and the potential economic and trade implications due to T. saginata, notification of taeniosis and human cysticercosis should be implemented and surveillance and notification systems in animals should be improved.
Sažetak
Listeria monocytogenes se s više aspekata razlikuje od drugih patogena prenosivih hranom. S obzirom na njenu široku rasprostranjenost i značajnu rezistentnost na različite nepovoljne uvjete ...rasta i razvoja, kao što su niske vrijednosti pH i visoke koncentracije NaCl, njena mikroaerofilna i psihrotropna svojstva, onečišćenje hrane ovim patogenom je postala jedan od vodećih problema javnog zdravstva i prehrambene industrije. Pored toga, opasnost od onečišćenja postrojenja za proizvodnju hrane temelji se i na njenoj sposobnosti da preživi dugo vremena u vanjskoj sredini kako na veoma niskim temperaturama (od 0°C do 7°C), pa čak i na temperaturama dubokog smrzavanja (>-20°C), tako i na visokim temperaturama (od 60°C do 90°C). Poznavajući osnovne karakteristike L. monocytogenes, s namjerom doprinosa unapređenja higijenske ispravnosti namirnica i zaštite zdravlja potrošača, ciljevi istraživanja su bili ispitivanje utjecaja različitih temperaturnih režima toplinske obrade hrenovki na opstanak eksperimentalno inokulirane L. monocytogenes te ispitivanje utjecaja različitog inicijalnog broja eksperimentalno inokulirane L. monocytogenes i tehnološkog procesa proizvodnje i skladištenja na dinamiku njenog opstanka i rasta u ispitivanim mesnim prerađevinama. Dobiveni rezultati našeg istraživanja su ukazali na mogućnost opstanka L. monocytogenes u hrenovkama, uz utjecaj različitih temperaturnih režima toplinske obrade i skladištenja. Na osnovu naših rezultata preporučamo obaveznu mikrobiološku kontrolu namirnica na prisutnost L. monocytogenes uz neophodnu edukaciju proizvođača hrane, farmera i šire javnosti o osnovnim mjerama zaštite od onečišćenja hrane patogenom, kao i mjerama prevencije alimentarne listerioze.
Results of research on lactoflora and sensorial characteristics
of experimentally produced Bosnian Soudjouk,
the most preferred Bosnian fermented sausage, were presented.
In addition, microbiological ...profile of raw materials
used for production of the Soudjouk was investigated. The
Soudjouk was produced in three batches (n=30) based
on a production specification and a traditional recipe. Fermentation
process lasted for 28 days, including a 7-day
smoking phase. Sausage samples for microbiological
analyses were taken in triplicate on day 0, 2, 4, 7, 14,
and 28 of the fermentation process. Identification of bacterial
isolates was performed by classical microbiological
methods (morphologic and biochemical identification),
while the lactic acid bacteria isolates were identified using
API50CHL® kits. Sensorial characteristics of final products
were assessed by assigning a score from the range
from 0 to 10 by an independent expert panel (n=10).
In all stages of the production process predominant
microbial population in microflora of the Bosnian Soudjouk
were lactic acid bacteria (LAB), primarily Lactobacillus
spp. The major importance of our research is a detailed
investigation of microflora and LAB of the sausage during
the fermentation process, as well as to describe dynamics
and dominance of LAB species, which surely represents
an important contribution to detailed description and preservation
of the Bosnian Soudjouk as the main symbol of
Bosnian gastronomic tradition and culture. Desirable sensorial
characteristics of the produced sausages, as well
as absence of certain bacterial foodborne pathogens in
the final products, argue in favor of accepting the applied
technological procedure of production of the sausage as
an acceptable basis for further technological investigation
and establishment of standard operating procedures for
production of the Soudjouk. Finally, autochthonous LAB
isolates from this research may serve as solid basis for
further molecular and technological research.
Autori su u radu prezentirali pregled sadašnje globalne situacije s različitim vidovima primjene genetski modificiranih organizama (GMO). Glavni akcent je dat izvorima i razlozima za široku teoretsku ...debatu o uključenju GMO-a u lanac prehrane. Glavne sadašnje i buduće prednosti primjene GMO-a u ljudskoj prehrani su također prezentirane. Pored toga, opisane su i osnovne karakteristike principa i smjernica za međunarodnu trgovinu, kontrolu i procjenu rizika GMO-a, naročito hrane bazirane na GMO-ima, kao i neke najznačajnije političke refleksije globalne debate o prihvatljivosti upotrebe GMO-a u prehrani ljudi. Na kraju, pitanje sadašnje međunarodne, regionalne i bosanskohercegovačke legislative o GMO-ima je ukratko analizirano.
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