Deep learning (DL) is revolutionizing evidence-based decision-making techniques that can be applied across various sectors. Specifically, it possesses the ability to utilize two or more levels of ...non-linear feature transformation of the given data via representation learning in order to overcome limitations posed by large datasets. As a multidisciplinary field that is still in its nascent phase, articles that survey DL architectures encompassing the full scope of the field are rather limited. Thus, this paper comprehensively reviews the state-of-art DL modelling techniques and provides insights into their advantages and challenges. It was found that many of the models exhibit a highly domain-specific efficiency and could be trained by two or more methods. However, training DL models can be very time-consuming, expensive, and requires huge samples for better accuracy. Since DL is also susceptible to deception and misclassification and tends to get stuck on local minima, improved optimization of parameters is required to create more robust models. Regardless, DL has already been leading to groundbreaking results in the healthcare, education, security, commercial, industrial, as well as government sectors. Some models, like the convolutional neural network (CNN), generative adversarial networks (GAN), recurrent neural network (RNN), recursive neural networks, and autoencoders, are frequently used, while the potential of other models remains widely unexplored. Pertinently, hybrid conventional DL architectures have the capacity to overcome the challenges experienced by conventional models. Considering that capsule architectures may dominate future DL models, this work aimed to compile information for stakeholders involved in the development and use of DL models in the contemporary world.
This letter considers an industrial automation scenario where a central controller communicates with multiple machines by transmitting data in short blocklengths. This communication is subject to ...reliability and latency constraints, which can be referred to as ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC). With the objective of minimizing the worst-case decoding-error probability for all the machines (min-max decoding-error probability), we consider joint power allocation and transmission blocklength optimization under the subject of transmit power and latency constraints. To solve this challenging problem, we propose a novel path-following algorithm. Simulation results clearly demonstrate the merits of the proposed algorithm.
Abstract Herein, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derived nanoflower-like based binary transition metal (Ni–Mn) are successfully fabricated by a simple synthesis method. The fabricated nanoflower-like ...structure displays a unique nanoflower-like architecture and internal porous channels constructed by MOF coated on CuO/CF/ZIFs (Co x ·Zn 1−x O) substrate, which is beneficial for the penetration of electrolyte and electron/ion transportation. The as-prepared CF/CuO/ZIFs (Co x ·Zn 1−x O)@BMOF(Ni–Mn) electrode materials present significant synergy among transition metal ions, contributing to enhanced electrochemical performances. The as-prepared CF/CuO/ZIFs (Co x ·Zn 1−x O)@BMOF(Ni–Mn) hybrid nanoflower-like display a high specific capacity of 1249.99 C g −1 at 1 A g −1 and the specific capacitance retention is about 91.74% after 5000 cycles. In addition, the as-assembled CF/CuO/ZIFs (Co x ·Zn 1−x O)@BMOF(Ni–Mn)//AC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device exhibited a maximum energy density of 21.77 Wh·kg −1 at a power density of 799 W kg −1 , and the capacity retention rate after 5000 charge and discharge cycles was 88.52%.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting ∼1% of the general population. This disease is characterized by persistent articular inflammation and joint damage driven by the ...proliferating synovial tissue fibroblasts as well as neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte trafficking into the synovium. The factors leading to RA pathogenesis remain poorly elucidated although genetic and environmental factors have been proposed to be the main contributors to RA. The majority of the early studies focused on the role of lymphocytes and adaptive immune responses in RA. However, in the past two decades, emerging studies showed that the innate immune system plays a critical role in the onset and progression of RA pathogenesis. Various innate immune cells including monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells are involved in inflammatory responses seen in RA patients as well as in driving the activation of the adaptive immune system, which plays a major role in the later stages of the disease. Here we focus the discussion on the role of different innate immune cells and components in initiation and progression of RA. New therapeutic approaches targeting different inflammatory pathways and innate immune cells will be highlighted here. Recent emergence and the significant roles of innate lymphoid cells and inflammasomes will be also discussed.
Phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a compelling platform for active metaoptics, owing to their large index contrast and fast yet stable phase transition attributes. Despite recent advances in ...phase-change metasurfaces, a fully integrable solution that combines pronounced tuning measures, i.e., efficiency, dynamic range, speed, and power consumption, is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate an in situ electrically driven tunable metasurface by harnessing the full potential of a PCM alloy, Ge
Sb
Te
(GST), to realize non-volatile, reversible, multilevel, fast, and remarkable optical modulation in the near-infrared spectral range. Such a reprogrammable platform presents a record eleven-fold change in the reflectance (absolute reflectance contrast reaching 80%), unprecedented quasi-continuous spectral tuning over 250 nm, and switching speed that can potentially reach a few kHz. Our scalable heterostructure architecture capitalizes on the integration of a robust resistive microheater decoupled from an optically smart metasurface enabling good modal overlap with an ultrathin layer of the largest index contrast PCM to sustain high scattering efficiency even after several reversible phase transitions. We further experimentally demonstrate an electrically reconfigurable phase-change gradient metasurface capable of steering an incident light beam into different diffraction orders. This work represents a critical advance towards the development of fully integrable dynamic metasurfaces and their potential for beamforming applications.
•Zn(O,S) is proposed as a buffer layer in Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells.•Efficiency of Sb2(S,Se)3/Zn(O,S) cells improved by optimization of sulfur content.•Optimized sulfur content S/(O + S) in the ZnO1−ySy ...ranging 50–60%.•Optimized selenium content Se/(S + Se) in the Sb2(S1−xSex)3 ranging 80–90%.•Efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cells improved from 9.2% to 15.65%.
The purpose of this study is the efficiency improvement of the Sb2Se3 solar cells. In this study, an experimental Sb2Se3 solar cell (glass/Mo/MoSe2/Sb2Se3/CdS/ZnO/ZnO:Al/Ag) with an efficiency record of 9.2% has been simulated. Absorber/buffer interface engineering plays a significant role in enhancing the efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cells. To achieve this purpose, two approaches have been considered: first, adding sulfur to Sb2Se3 absorber, and second, using an alternative buffer with a wider bandgap instead of conventional CdS buffer. The effects of various x = Se/(S + Se) ratios of Sb2(S1−xSex)3 absorber layer on the photovoltaic performance were investigated. For Sb2(S,Se)3/CdS solar cell, optimum Se/(S + Se) mole fraction of 0.6 < x < 0.8 leads to improved efficiency. Also, ZnO1−ySy buffer layer was applied to replace the conventional CdS buffer layer of Sb2Se3 solar cells to reduce parasitic absorption and improve the short-circuit current density (Jsc). Bandgap for ZnO1−ySy semiconductor is higher than CdS. So, this leads to improved external quantum efficiency at short wavelengths. Optimization of band alignment through ZnO1−ySy buffer layer reduces interface carrier recombination and improves open-circuit voltage (Voc). The band alignment at the Sb2(S1−xSex)3/ZnO1−ySy interface is optimized by adjusting the selenium-to-sulfur ratio in the absorber layer and sulfur-to-oxygen ratio in the buffer layer. This work reveals that the most suitable interface for Sb2(S1−xSex)3/ZnO1−ySy heterojunction is formed when sulfur mole fractions ranging 0.5–0.6 in the Zn(O,S) buffer layer and 0.1–0.2 in the Sb2(S,Se)3 absorber layer. The results show that the efficiency improves from 9.2% to 15.65%, which represents a 70% improvement compared with the conventional Sb2Se3/CdS solar cell.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown promising performance in separation, adsorption, reaction, and storage of various industrial gases; however, their large-scale applications have been ...hampered by the lack of a proper strategy to formulate them into scalable gas–solid contactors. Herein, we report the fabrication of MOF monoliths using the 3D printing technique and evaluation of their adsorptive performance in CO2 removal from air. The 3D-printed MOF-74(Ni) and UTSA-16(Co) monoliths with MOF loadings as high as 80 and 85 wt %, respectively, were developed, and their physical and structural properties were characterized and compared with those of MOF powders. Our adsorption experiments showed that, upon exposure to 5000 ppm (0.5%) CO2 at 25 °C, the MOF-74(Ni) and UTSA-16(Co) monoliths can adsorb CO2 with uptake capacities of 1.35 and 1.31 mmol/g, respectively, which are 79% and 87% of the capacities of their MOF analogues under the same conditions. Furthermore, a stable performance was obtained for self-standing 3D-printed monolithic structures with relatively good adsorption kinetics. The preliminary findings reported in this investigation highlight the advantage of the robocasting (3D printing) technique for shaping MOF materials into practical configurations that are suitable for various gas separation applications.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging infection causing a widely spread pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current COVID-2019 pandemic is ...prompting fear of falling sick, dying, helplessness and stigma, urgent and timely understanding of mental health status is needed to help the community. Our investigation designed to survey the general population in Saudi Arabia to assess the degree of psychological impact during the pandemic.
During the early stage of the outbreak, we conducted an online-based survey using a snowballing sample technique. The surveys collected data about several aspects of participant sociodemographic, knowledge, concerns, psychological impact, and mental health status. We assessed the psychological impact and mental health status using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21).
Our survey recruited 1160 respondents of the general public of Saudi Arabia. Of them, 23.6% reported moderate or severe psychological impact of the outbreak, 28.3%,24%, and 22.3% reported moderate to severe depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, respectively. Females reported IES-R (B: 5.46, 95% CI: 3.61 to 7.31) and DASS subscales B coefficient ranged from 1.65 to 2.63, along with high-school students, working in the medical field, and poor self-reported health status was significantly associated with a high level of IES-R and DASS scales (p < .05). Experiencing breathing difficulty and dizziness showed a stronger association with higher IES-R and DASS subscales than other somatic symptoms (e.g., headache and fever);(p < .001). Respondents who practiced specific preventative measures (e.g., hand washing, social distancing) demonstrated a protective effect against stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Social distancing appeared to be protective on stress and anxiety subscales (B: -1.49, 95% CI: −2.79 to −0.19),(B: -1.53, 95% CI: −2.50 to −0.57),respectively; and hand hygiene on depression subscale (B: -2.43, 95% CI: −4.44 to −0.42).
Throughout the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia, the results showed that nearly one-fourth of the sampled general population experienced moderate to severe psychological impact. Following specific precautionary measures appeared to have a protective effect on the individual's mental health. Our findings can be used to construct psychological interventions directed toward vulnerable populations and to implement public mental health strategies in the early stages of the outbreak.
•There is Limited data about psychological impact during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia•Health care workers, females, were associated with higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms.•Students and those with poor self-reported health status reported higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms.•Participants with reported mental disorders (10.5%) showed high scores on all DASS and IER-S scales.•Preventative measures demonstrated a protective effect against, stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms
•Flower-like FeCoCuP nanoarrays with 3D hierarchical structure was synthesized by two-step process.•Flower-like FeCoCuP nanoarrays demonstrated high surface areas and large electrical ...conductivity.•Iron-doped cobalt copper phosphide composite improves supercapacitor performance.•The obtained composite had a specific capacity of 1290 c g−1 at a current density of 1.0 a g−1.•Asymmetric FeCoCuP//AC supercapacitor demonstrates energy density of 61.5 Wh kg−1.
Transition two-metal and tri-metal phosphides are promising candidate materials for supercapacitors' performance. Here, FeCoCuP with 3D hierarchical structures is successfully synthesized and phosphorized using hydrothermal method. By examining the amount of Fe doped in the CoCuP lattice structure, an optimal FeCoCuP nanoarrays with 3D hierarchical nanoneedles is obtained, which improves the charge transport during the redox reactions. The flower-like FeCoCuP nanoarrays with unique designs create appropriate specific surface area and large electrical conductivity, which have good supercapacitor performance by supplying abundant active sites for redox reactions and reducing the penetration path of ions and electrons. Therefore, the prepared FeCoCuP nanoarrays material shows a specific capacity of 1290 C g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1 with a 64% retention capacity after enlarging the current density to 10.0 A g−1. Also, the FeCoCuP asymmetric supercapacitor (FeCoCuP//AC) has an energy density of 61.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1201.7 W kg−1 with good cyclic stability of 88.7% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 7 A g−1. These encouraging findings indicate that the FeCoCuP nanocomposites are a suitable electrode material for supercapacitor applications.
Display omitted
PDF
