Türkiye, doğa kaynaklı afetlerden Dünya genelindeki her ülke gibi mustariptir. Özellikle deprem, Türkiye’nin en fazla etkilendiği ve etkilenilmesi beklenen doğa kaynaklı afetlerden biridir. Doğa ...kaynaklı afetler sonrası kamu güvenliği ve asayişin sağlanmasından genel kolluk sorumlu olmakla birlikte zaman zaman yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Genel kolluğun yetersiz kaldığı alanlarda tamamlayıcı mahiyette bir hizmet olarak kullanılması planlanan özel güvenlik müessesesi Türkiye’de yaklaşık 43 yıllık bir geçmişe sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, depremlere hazırlık ve deprem sonrasında özel güvenlik müessesesinin kullanılması hususu incelenmiştir. Nitel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanan ve amacı bakımından keşfedici bir araştırma olan bu çalışmada, mevzuat ve ilgili alan yazınına yönelik literatür taraması metodolojisi kullanılmıştır. Özel güvenlik görevlilerinin arama-kurtarma faaliyetleri, barınma alanlarında asayişi sağlama, yardım dağıtım noktalarında düzeni tesis etme, afetzedeleri tespit ve yönlendirme gibi özellikli alanlarda eğiterek göreve hazır hale getirilmesinin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. İçişleri Bakanlığı bünyesindeki Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD), depremler başta olmak üzere tüm doğa kaynaklı afetlere hazırlıkta yetkili bir çatı kurumdur. Ancak AFAD’ın yetersiz kalabileceği büyüklükteki doğa kaynaklı afetlerde, belirlenen ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda özel güvenlik görevlilerinden bir yetenek havuzu oluşturulması ve depremlere hazırlık sürecinde eğitim alması, tatbikatlara katılması ve ulusal/uluslararası depremlerde kısmi görev almasının sağlanarak tecrübe kazanması önerilmektedir.
Türkiye suffers from natural disasters like every other country in the world. In particular, earthquake is one of the most affected and expected natural disasters in Türkiye. Although general law enforcement is responsible for ensuring public security and public order after natural disasters, it may be insufficient sometime. The private security institution, which is planned to be used as a complementary service in areas where general law enforcement is insufficient, has a history of approximately 43 years in Türkiye. In this study, the use of the private security institution in preparation for and after earthquakes is examined. This study, which is designed as a qualitative research, uses a literature review methodology for legislation and related literature. It is considered important to train private security guards in specific areas such as search and rescue activities, maintaining order in shelter areas, establishing order at aid distribution points, identifying and directing disaster victims, and making them ready for duty. AFAD under the Ministry of Interior is an authorized institution in preparation for all natural disasters, especially earthquakes. However, sometimes AFAD may be insufficient, it is recommended that a talent pool of private security guards be formed in line with the needs determined in coordination with the authorities and that they be trained, participate in drills, and gain experience by taking partial duty in national/international earthquakes.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Elabela in the etiopathogenesis of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).
Materials and Methods: The present prospective study included ...43 healthy pregnant women and 46 pregnant women with IUGR. Maternal serum were collected from the control group and IUGR group at time of delivery. Elabela levels were analyzed in maternal serum through ELISA method.
Results: Lower Elabela levels (IUGR: 1.09 (0.61-15.61) ng / mL and Control: 1.44 (0.37-31.33) ng / mL) were observed in IUGR patients compared to controls. Elabela levels were positively correlated with gestational week and neonatal weight. (r = 0.263, p = 0.013 and r = 0.259, respectively; p = 0.014).
Conclusion: The present study serves as the first study revealing the role of the decrease in Elabela in maternal serum on the etiopathogenesis of IUGR. This suggests that Elabela could be a potential drug target in cases with IUGR.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Elabela'nın intrauterin büyüme geriliğinin (IUGR) etyopatogenezindeki rolünü araştırmaktı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu prospektif çalışmaya 43 sağlıklı gebe ve 46 IUGR'li gebe dahil edildi. Kontrol grubundan ve IUGR grubundan doğum sırasında anneden kan alındı. Elabela seviyeleri anne serumunda ELISA yöntemi ile analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Kontrollere kıyasla IUGR hastalarında daha düşük Elabela seviyeleri (IUGR: 1.09 (0.61-15.61) ng/mL ve Kontrol: 1.44 (0.37-31.33) ng/mL) gözlendi. Elabela seviyeleri, gebelik haftası ve yenidoğan ağırlığı ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi. (sırasıyla r = 0.263, p = 0.013 ve r = 0.259; p = 0.014).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, anne serumunda Elabela'daki azalmanın IUGR etyopatogenezindeki rolünü ortaya koyan ilk çalışma olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Bu, Elabela'nın IUGR'li vakalarda potansiyel bir ilaç hedefi olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Recently, work has been done to understand aspects of how CI processes with sound. Here, we use neural temporal correlation in the inferior colliculus for identifying and categorising the sound that ...was used as a stimulus. The success of the classification gradually deteriorates for shorter durations. We tried to improve these success values with deep learning methods for audio, on processing windows of 62.5 ms, 250 ms and 1000 ms. We demonstrate that 62.5 ms could be an integration time for temporal correlation. The neural data contains sound features that can be easily processed with artificial neural networks dedicated to audio signals. Network architectures dedicated to audio classification, such as Yamnet, Vggish, Openl3, used in transfer learning, give quite quickly neural data classification results with very high accuracy, compared to image classification networks. In the case of unshuffled correlation images, we have the best accuracy. With noiseless shuffled correlation images, we have the best accuracy, such as for 1000 ms: 100%, for 250 ms: 96.7%, for 62.5 ms: 93.8%, obtained with the OpenL3 network. To evaluate the importance of the contributions of the input features of a neural network to its outputs, we use Explainable Artificial Intelligence. We then used three different explicability methods, such as Grad-CAM, LIME and Occlusion Sensitivity to obtain three sensitive maps. Network uses different regions corresponding to a very high or very low correlation to make its prediction.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural and functional changes occurring in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) according to the distance of the affected ...arteriovenous (AV) crossing to the centers of the fovea and optic disc by optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Forty-five patients with unilateral BRVO and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this retrospective observational study. Images of the macula (3 mm × 3 mm) and affected AV crossing sites were obtained by OCTA. The fovea-AV crossing distance (FAVD), optic disc-AV crossing distance (DAVD), and optic disc-fovea distance (DFD) were measured. Results: The FAVD/DFD ratio was positively correlated with the vessel density in the superficial and deep affected hemifields (r = 0.430, P < 0.05 and r = 0.308, P < 0.05, respectively) and negatively correlated with the superficial foveal avascular zone and logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity (r = -0.412, P < 0.05 and r = -0.356, P < 0.05, respectively). The DAVD/DFD ratio was not correlated with the logMAR visual acuity, superficial FAZ area or vessel densities in the affected hemifield (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: The affected AV crossing site that was further away from the fovea had better visual acuity and quantitative microvascular parameters in the affected hemifields. However, this correlation was not observed for the distance between the affected AV crossing site and the optic disc.
The purpose of this study was to assess the thicknesses of maxillary and mandibular posterior buccal approximal attached gingiva at common miniscrew insertion sites, which has critical importance in ...determining miniscrew length, in subjects with different facial types.
One hundred seventy-four subjects with no transversal skeletal discrepancy were included in this study. The facial types of these subjects were evaluated in the sagittal and vertical directions. In the sagittal direction, the subjects were assigned into 3 groups: skeletal Class I, II, and III. Also, each of these groups was divided into subgroups in the vertical direction: low angle, norm, and high angle. Transgingival probing was used to measure the thickness of the buccal attached gingiva.
The thickness of the buccal attached gingiva between the second premolar-first molar ranged from 1.18 ± 0.33 to 1.46 ± 0.28 mm and from 1.28 ± 0.30 to 1.58 ± 0.37 mm in the maxilla and mandible, respectively. The thickness of the buccal attached gingiva between the first-second molars ranged from 1.31 ± 0.41 to 1.60 ± 0.62 mm and from 1.36 ± 0.43 to 1.72 ± 0.52 mm in the maxilla and mandible, respectively. In terms of the thicknesses of the buccal attached gingiva of second premolar-first molar and first-second molars, no statistically significant difference was found between subjects with different facial types.
It was determined that the thicknesses of maxillary and mandibular posterior buccal approximal attached gingiva varied between 1.18-1.72. At this point, the insertion of miniscrews of 7-8 mm in length was recommended for maxillary and mandibular posterior buccal regions, in order to obtain adequate insertion depth.
•The thickness of gingiva between the maxillary second premolar and first molar was 1.18-1.46 mm.•The thickness of gingiva between the mandibular second premolar and first molar was 1.28-1.58 mm.•The thickness of gingiva between the maxillary first and second molars was 1.31-1.60 mm.•The thickness of gingiva between the mandibular first and second molars was 1.36-1.72 mm.•There is no association between the thickness of the buccal approximal gingiva and facial types.
Spatial interpolation methods are widely used to estimate some ecological and environmental parameters that are difficult to measure. One of these parameters is forest site index, which is a ...demonstration of forest productivity. The aim of this study was to estimate forest site index in a beech forest ecosystem in Turkey. In this context, soil characteristics, stand parameters, and topographic features were measured in 70 temporary sample plots of beech forest stands. Forest site index of beech forest stands was predicted using different modeling techniques such as multiple regression analysis (MLR), multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), multiple regression kriging (MLRK), multilayer perceptron kriging (MLPK), and radial basis function kriging (RBFK). The results showed that the RBFK (
R
2
= 0.98) and MLRK (
R
2
= 0.96) outperformed the others to predict forest site index in the study area. The greatest improvement occurred when krigged residual used with MLR, which increase from 0.23 to 0.96. Thus, MLRK method significantly improved the prediction accuracy for site index. The models combined with krigged residuals were more successful than those used without krigged residuals. The results of this study suggest that the combined methods may help obtaining improved site index maps for forest management.
Bu araştırmada, ergenlik dönemindeki ortaokul öğrencilerinin kitap okumaya yönelik ilgi ve tercihlerini belirlemek ve incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim ...yılında 7 ve 8. sınıf düzeyinde öğrenim görmekte olan 1003 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın yöntemi tarama modelidir. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan anket kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri SPSS programı ve betimsel istatistik yöntemlerinden frekans ve yüzde hesaplamaları ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre daha yüksek düzeyde ve düzenli olarak kitap okudukları, öğrencilerin kitap okumanın sağlayacağı faydalara ilişkin farkındalığa sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. “Roman, öykü ve biyografi” en çok okunan türler, “macera, fantastik ve bilim kurgu” en çok okunan konular olarak tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin kitap kahramanlarının “zorluklarla mücadele eden güçlü, cesur, zeki, azimli, yardımsever, iyi kalpli, maceracı, eğlenceli” olma özelliklerinden daha çok etkilendikleri, en çok okunan on yazarın isimleri ve eserleri üzerinden yazar ve kitap tercihleri saptanmıştır.
This study aimed to identify and examine the reading interests and preferences of adolescent lower secondary school students. The study group of this research consisted of 1003 students studying in the 7th and 8th grades in 2021-2022 academic year. In this study, scanning model was used as a method. A questionnaire prepared by the researcher was used as a data collection tool. Research data were analyzed using the SPSS program and frequency and percentage calculations among descriptive statistical methods. In this research, it was determined that female students read books at a higher level and more regularly than male students, students were aware of the benefits of reading books, and it was found out that "novel, short story, and biography" were mostly read as genres, and "adventure, fantasy and science fiction" were mostly read as subjects. It was determined that the students were mostly affected by the qualities of book characters characterized by struggling with difficulties and being strong, brave, intelligent, determined, helpful, good-hearted, adventurous, and fun. Author and book preferences were determined on the basis of names and works of the ten most-read authors.
In this study, we compared two facile and effective approaches which are supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) deposition and microwave irradiation methods to synthesize Pt nanoparticles uniformly ...dispersed on graphene nanoplatelets (G) having 750 m2/g surface area as the support material. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using XRD, TGA, TEM, CV and PEM fuel cell performance tests. Microwave irradiation (Pt/G1) and scCO2 deposition (Pt/G2) methods resulted in the particle sizes of 3.1–3.4 nm and 1.5–1.6 nm, respectively. Higher electrochemically active surface area and PEM fuel cell performance were obtained for the Pt/G2 catalyst. An accelerated aging test, carbon corrosion, is also applied to the catalysts and Tafel slope losses were determined. Pt/G1 catalyst resulted in 50 mV Tafel slope loss whereas no significant loss was observed for Pt/G2 catalyst after carbon corrosion test.
•Graphene nanoplatelet supported Pt nanoparticles synthesized via two methods.•Microwave irradiation method is used.•Supercritical carbon dioxide deposition (scCO2) method is used.•ScCO2 method gave better structured catalysts with high PEMFC performance.
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