Background: Radiation therapy has been progressively improved in order to maintain a satisfactory tumour response, while reducing toxicity. We will review the incidence of radiodermatitis and ...fibrosis according to the various radiation and fractionation techniques. We will then focus on the various methods used to manage, prevent, and quantify this toxicity. Method: More than 1753 articles were identified using the various search terms. We selected 53 articles to answer the questions addressed in this study according to criteria set in advance. Result: The literature reports lower acute toxicity with IMRT compared to 3DCRT, but no significant differences in terms of late toxicities. Partial breast irradiation appears to be less effective in terms of local control with a higher rate of late toxicity. Intra operative radiation therapy appears to provide good results in terms of both local control and late toxicity. The hypofractionation has equivalent efficacy and safety to the normofractionated regimen, but with lower rates of radiodermatitis and fibrosis. The adddition of a boost, particularly a sequential boost, increases the risk of fibrosis and radiodermatitis during treatment. Conclusion: The development of IMRT has significantly reduced acute toxicity and has improved tolerability during treatment. Modified fractionation has reduced treatment time, as well as adverse effects.
Introduction
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Thirty to forty‐seven percent of patients treated with exclusive radiotherapy for prostate cancer will experience intraprostate ...recurrence. The use of radiotherapy in stereotactic conditions allows millimetric accuracy in irradiation to the target zone that minimizes the dose to organs at risk. In this study, we evaluated the clinical outcome of prostatic reirradiation with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with intraprostatic recurrence initially treated by radiotherapy.
Method
This single‐center retrospective study included 41 patients diagnosed with exclusive local recurrence of prostate cancer after radiotherapy and treatedby stereotactic Cyberknife irradiation. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and the safety of stereotactic reirradiation for patients with intraprostatic recurrence initially treated with radiotherapy.
Results
Median follow‐up was 35 months. The 2‐year biochemical relapse‐free survival was 72.89%, the 2‐year local recurrence free survival was 93.59%, the 2‐year local regional recurrence‐free survival was 85.24%, and the 2‐year metastasis‐free survival was to 91.49%. The analysis of toxicities showed a good tolerance of stereotactic irradiation. Urinary and gastro‐intestinal adverse events was mostly of grades 1–2 (CTCAEv4). Grade 3 toxicity occurred in one to two patients.
Conclusion
Stereotactic reirradiation appears effective and well‐tolerated for local recurrence of prostate cancer and might allow to delay the introduction of hormonal therapy and its side effects.
The COVID‐19 caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus is at the origin of a global pandemic. This pandemic has prompted the current health system to reorganize and rethink the care offered by health ...establishments. We report the early toxicity in patients infected with COVID‐19 treated at the same time for early‐stage breast cancer (BC). This is a monocentric prospective study of patients treated in our hospital between March 2020 and June 2020 and were diagnosed with COVID‐19 infection. The inclusion criteria were to be irradiated for early‐stage BC and to have a positive COVID‐19 diagnosis on a PCR test and/or a lung computed tomography (CT) scan and/or suggestive clinical symptoms. Radiotherapy (RT) consisted of breast or chest wall irradiation with or without lymph node irradiation, with protocols adapted to pandemic situation. The treatment‐related toxicity was graded according to the CTCAE (version 4.03). All 350 patients treated for early‐stage BC were studied. Of them, 16 were presented with clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 infection and of them, 12 had clinical, CT scan, and PCR confirmation. This entire cohort of 12 pts with median age of 56 (42–72) underwent their RT. During the radiotherapy, there were 9 pts presented radiation dermatitis, 8 (66%) were grade 1 and one was (8%) grade 2. Two patients with lymph nodes irradiation presented esophagitis grade 2. This prospective COVID‐19 cohort, treated for early‐stage BC demonstrated an acceptable toxicity profile with few low‐grade adverse events. Longer follow‐up is needed to confirm these findings.
Skin reaction is a common toxicity during oncology management, especially followed during the radiotherapy. Its assessment and understanding of the factors influencing its occurrence, is a major ...issue in the management of patients treated for an early breast cancer (BC). We evaluated 8561 patients during their overall management for a BC. We focus on specific skin toxicities: erythema, fibrosis, telangiectasia and changes of skin colour. These toxicities were assessed at the baseline defined as 0-3-6 (M0), 12 (M12), 36 (M36) and 60 (M60) months. The prevalence of toxicities of interest varied over time, so at M0, 30.4% of patients had erythema while 17.7% of patients had fibrosis. At M60, the prevalence of erythema was 2%, while fibrosis remained stable at about 19%. After adjustments, at M0, there was a significant association between the onset of cutaneous erythema and obesity, the presence of axillary dissection, the type of surgery and the tumour phenotype RH+/HER2+. Concerning fibrosis, a significant association was found, at M12, with the age of the patient, obesity, Charlson score and type of surgery. Concerning the modification of skin colour at M12, we find a link between the age of the patient, obesity, tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption. The prevention of this toxicity is a major issue for the quality of life. Our results allow us to understand the risk of developing skin toxicity in a patient, depending on her intrinsic, tumour or therapeutic characteristics and to implement adapted means of prevention and monitoring.
Skin damage is the most common and most important toxicity during and after radiation therapy (RT). Its assessment and understanding of the factors influencing its occurrence, is a major issue in the ...management of patients irradiated for an early breast cancer. CANTO is a prospective clinical cohort study of 10 150 patients with stage I‐III BC treated from 2012 to 2017 in 26 cancer centres. In our study, we used CANTO‐RT, a subcohort of CANTO, including 3480 patients who received RT. We are focus on specific skin toxicities: erythema, fibrosis, telangiectasia and cutaneous pigmentation. The prevalence of toxicities of interest varied over time, so at baseline for early toxicity Month (M) 0‐3‐6, 41.1% of patients had erythema while 24.8% of patients had fibrosis. At M12 and M36, the prevalence of erythema decreased, respectively, while fibrosis remains stable. The prevalence of telangiectasia increases from 1% to 7.1% from M0‐3‐6 to M36. After adjustments, we showed an association between the occurrence of skin erythema and obesity; the type of surgery; the presence of axillary dissection; the use of taxane‐based CT and the 3D vs IMRT irradiation technique. Regarding fibrosis, an association is found, at M0‐3‐6, with age at diagnosis, obesity, tobacco and the use of boost. Only obesity and the type of surgery received by the patient remained statistically significant at M12 and M36. In our study we identified several risk factors for acute and late skin reactions. The use of a boost was mainly related to the occurrence of fibrosis while the use of IMRT‐type technique decreased the occurrence of skin erythema.
What's new?
Cutaneous toxicities are a significant concern in the treatment of early‐stage breast cancer. To minimise their occurrence, however, a greater understanding of factors influencing their development is needed. Here, using data from the prospective, multicentre CANTO study, occurrence of cutaneous toxicities was found to be influenced constantly over time by obesity and type of surgery received by patients, with both obesity and surgery acting as independent risk factors. Radiotherapy technique further impacted the occurrence of cutaneous toxicities. The results indicate that the modification of breast cancer treatment according to patient characteristics is a promising strategy for minimising cutaneous toxicities.
Skin damage is the most common and most important toxicity during and after radiotherapy. Its assessment and understanding of the factors influencing its occurrence, is a major issue in the ...management of patients irradiated for an early breast cancer CANTO is a prospective clinical cohort study of 10 150 patients with stage I-III BC treated from 2012-2017 in 26 cancer centers. In this study, we used CANTO-RT, a sub-cohort of CANTO, including 3480 patients who received RT. We are focus on specifical skin toxicities: Erythema, fibrosis, telangiectasia, and cutaneous pigmentation The prevalence of toxicities of interest varied over time, so at M3-6, 41.1% of patients had erythema while 24.8% of patients had fibrosis. At M12 and M36, the prevalence of erythema decreased respectively while fibrosis remains stable. The prevalence of telangiectasia increases from 1% to 7.1% from M3-6 to M36. After adjustments, we showed an association between the occurrence of skin erythema and obesity; the type of surgery; the presence of axillary dissection; the use of taxane-based CT and the 3DvsIMRT irradiation technique. Regarding fibrosis, an association is found, at M3-6, with age at diagnosis, obesity, tobacco, and the use of boost. Only obesity and the type of surgery received by the patient remained statistically significant at M12 and M36. In this study we identified several risk factors for acute and late skin. The use of a boost was mainly related to the occurrence of fibrosis while the use of IMRT-type technique decreased the occurrence of skin erythema.
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