In this study, tin dioxide nanoparticles (SnO
NPs) were successfully synthesized through an eco-friendly method using basil leaves extract. The fabricated SnO
NPs demonstrated significant adsorption ...capabilities for phenol (PHE), p-nitrophenol (P-NP), and p-methoxyphenol (P-MP) from water matrices. Optimal conditions for maximum removal efficiency was determined for each phenolic compound, with PHE showing a remarkable 95% removal at a 3 ppm, 0.20 g of SnO
NPs, pH 8, and 30 min of agitation at 35 °C. Molecular docking studies unveiled a potential anticancer mechanism, indicating the ability of SnO
NPs to interact with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain and inhibit its activity. The adsorption processes followed pseudo-second order kinetics and Temkin isotherm model, revealing spontaneous, exothermic, and chemisorption-controlled mechanisms. This eco-friendly approach utilizing plant extracts was considered as a valuable tool for nano-sorbent production. The SnO
NPs not only exhibit promise in water treatment and also demonstrate potential applications in cancer therapy. Characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) provided comprehensive insights into the results.
•Natural biomaterials in powder form were synthesized using double decomposition and neutralization methods.•Synthesis methods have a significant impact on the adsorbent's ability to remove organic ...dye pollutants from an aqueous solution.•Adsorption capacity is higher in samples synthesized by the double decomposition calcined method.•Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are efficient adsorbents for removing pollutants such as methylene blue from water.
Water pollution due to industrial discharges is a major problem in many countries as it can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Among wastewater treatment processes, adsorption technique is widely used to reduce the harmful effects of many pollutants, including dyes. The main objective of this research is to characterize and evaluate the removal capacity of methylene blue (a cationic dye) from an aqueous solution using hydroxyapatite as a bio-adsorbent. Hydroxyapatite was prepared by two different methods and the resulting biomaterials were designated HAp A, HAp B, HAp C, and HAp D. A comparative study of methylene blue adsorption by these biomaterials was performed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize these adsorbents. The effects of various experimental parameters such as contact time (5–120 min), concentration (5–90 mg/L), pH (6–12) and temperature (25–6°C) were studied. Adsorption studies revealed a removal efficiency of 88.88% at an initial MB concentration of 45 mg/L, an equilibrium time of 20 min, Basic pH and a temperature of 25 °C. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was used to describe the adsorption kinetics, while the Freundlich adsorption isotherm was used to describe the equilibrium adsorption process. This research suggests that the method of synthesis has a significant impact on the ability of the adsorbent to remove organic pollutants from dyes in an aqueous solution.
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•This review focuses on the recent advances in polymer-based hydroxyapatite scaffolds for their properties and applications.•Preparation methods of the polymer-based hydroxyapatite ...scaffolds.•Effect of process parameters on the properties of the polymer-based hydroxyapatite scaffolds.•Properties of the polymer-based hydroxyapatite scaffolds.•Advantages and disadvantages of the polymer-based hydroxyapatite scaffolds.•Various applications of the polymer-based hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
New materials that mimic natural bone properties, matching functional, mechanical, and biological properties have been continuously developed to rehabilitate bone defects. Desirably, ‘tissue engineering’ has been a multidisciplinary ground that uses the principles of life sciences and engineering for the biological replacements that restore or replace the tissue function or a whole organ. Nevertheless, the bone grafting treatment has numerous restrictions, counting the major hazards of morbidity from the sites where donor bone grafts are removed, the likelihood for an immune rejection or bacterial transport from the donor site (in case of allogeneic grafting), and the inadequate availability of donor bone grafts that can meet the current demands. Since the proper growth of synthetic materials for implantable bones encourages the reconstruction of bone tissues by providing strong structural support without any damages to the interferences of biological tissue. To serve for such behavior, the biodegradable matrices provide temporary scaffolds within which the bone tissues can be regenerated. Typically, the thermoplastic aliphatic polyesters are found to serve this purpose. The great significance of this field lies in the in vitro growth of precise cells on porous matrices (scaffolds) to generate three-dimensional (3D) tissues that can be entrenched into the location of tissue/bone damage. Numerous gifts have been gifted by our nature to advance and preserve the well-being of all living things either directly or indirectly. This review focuses on the recent advances in polymer-based hydroxyapatite scaffolds including their properties and applications.
For the first time, the intercalation properties of acid-activated montmorillonites treated at different acid/clay (w/w) ratios with a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium (C16TMA) hydroxide ...are reported. The acid activation causes a reduction in the number of cation exchange sides and, hence improves the exfoliation of the silicate sheets at higher pH values. The basal spacing increases significantly from 1.54 to 3.80 nm, and is related to the acid activation extent. The acid activated clays with acid/clay ratios above 0.2 intercalated significant amounts of C16TMA cations with a basal spacing of 3.8 nm compared to the non acid activated montmorillonite with a basal spacing of 2.10 nm. The 13C CP/MAS NMR indicates that the intercalated surfactants exhibit a significant degree of gauche conformation in the acid-activated clays. According to in-situ powder XRD, an increase of the basal spacing to 4.08 nm is observed at intermediate temperatures of 50−150 °C for organoclay with basal spacing of 3.80 nm, at higher temperatures above 300 °C, the decomposition of the surfactant occurs and the basal spacing decreases to a value of about 1.4 nm, with the persistence of a reflection at 3.8 nm for clay at a higher acid/clay ratio of 0.5.
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•Developed a synthesis route for the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles by Myristica fragrans plant extract.•The TiO2 particles formed were of highly crystalline and anatase phase.•The ...optical properties of TiO2 particles indicated to have a blue shift and the band energy gap of 3.34 eV.•The photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 NP was confirmed against the degradation of Methylene blue and Congo red dyes.•The decomposition reaction is occurred to have through the involvement of O2– and h+ in a first-order kinetic model.
The synthesis of semiconductor metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NP) via the green synthesis routes is desirable due to its effectiveness, economical, and eco-friendly nature of the products. The present study aims to synthesize the titanium dioxide (TiO2) NP via the green synthesis route, using Myristica fragrans plant extract as the reducing agent, where the photocatalytic activity was evaluated. The physicochemical and morphological properties of TiO2 NP have been analyzed using spectroscopic and electron microscopic techniques. From the analysis, the powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the formation of very well crystalline TiO2 particles in the anatase phase, while the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of TiO bonds, and UV–Vis spectroscopy proofed the optical properties. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis provided the surface morphological characteristics and the formation of spherical shape particles; and the electron diffraction X-ray analysis (EDX) indicated the elemental composition. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 NP was evaluated based on the degradation rate of two aqueous dye solutions, i.e. methylene blue (MB) and congo red (Con-R) using the 8 W Xenon lamp as the light source for the visible irradiation. The degradation activity of the Con-R dye is slightly higher (99% degradation in 45 min) than that of the MB dye (97% degradation in 60 min). Both degradations activity followed the first-order kinetic model. The high activity of TiO2 NP on both dyes was supported by the increased absorption of light, associated charge separation efficiency, and specific surface area as provided by the UV–Vis DRS analysis. The plant extract mediated the synthesis of TiO2 which formed stable particles without losing the semiconducting and photocatalytic properties, where the holes (h+) and superoxide radicals (O2−) contributed to the enhanced degradation of dye. The antibacterial activity of the TiO2 NP (50 and 100 µg/mL; 6 h) synthesized was evaluated by testing against two different bacterial cultures of K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. The results proved that the particles became active only in the presence of UV light exposed and no significant differences in bacterial inhibition efficiency between the two cell types (79% and 72%) as observed. The antibacterial activity of the TiO2 NP was proven by the epifluorescence microscopic analysis, total viable count (TVC), and zone of inhibition (ZOI).
This article reports on molecular modeling using density functional theory (DFT) performed on L-cysteinium methanesulfonate (L-CMS). Calculations were performed on the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level with 6-31 ...G(d,p) basis set using the Gaussian 09 program package. The optimized structure, HOMO-LUMO, energy gap, electronic properties, MEP, dipole moment, first-order molecular hyperpolarizability (β), chemical potential, global hardness, softness, global electrophilicity, and natural bond orbital analysis of this compound were studied by computational procedures. Intermolecular O-HO, N-HO, and S-HO hydrogen-bonding interactions with different motifs were observed in the crystal structure. Hirshfeld surface analyzes were also performed. Energy frameworks have been constructed to understand the packing of molecules by examining the different intermolecular interaction energies.
The primary role of bone tissue engineering is to reconcile the damaged bones and facilitate the speedy recovery of the injured bones. However, some of the investigated metallic implants suffer from ...stress‐shielding, palpability, biocompatibility, etc. Consequently, the biodegradable scaffolds fabricated from polymers have gathered much attention from researchers and thus helped the tissue engineering sector by providing many alternative materials whose functionality is similar to that of natural bones. Herein, we present the fabrication and testing of a novel composite, magnesium (Mg)‐doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) glazed onto polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds where polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) used as a binder. For the composite formation, Creality Ender‐3 pro High Precision 3D Printer with Shape tool 3D Technology on an FSD machine operated by Catia design software was employed. The composite has been characterized for the crystallinity (XRD), surface functionality (FTIR), morphology (FESEM), biocompatibility (hemolytic and protein absorption), and mechanical properties (stress‐strain and maximum compressive strength). The powder XRD analysis confirmed the semicrystalline nature and intact structure of HAp even after doping with Mg, while FTIR studies for the successful formation of Mg‐HAp/PVA@PLA composite. The FESEM provided analysis indicated for the 3D porous architecture and well‐defined morphology to efficiently transport the nutrients, and the biocompatibility studies are supporting that the composite for blood compatible with the surface being suitable enough for the protein absorption. Finally, the composite's antibacterial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and the test of mechanical properties supported for the enhanced inhibition of active growth of microorganisms and maximum compressive strength, respectively. Based on the research outcomes of biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and mechanical resistance, the fabricated Mg‐HAp/PVA@PLA composite suits well as a promising biomaterial platform for orthopedic applications by functioning towards the open reduction internal fixation of bone fractures and internal repairs.
The Mg‐doped HAp/PVA@PLA composite scaffold formed by the dip‐coating technique investigated to be hemocompatible and ideal transporter of nutrients.
The 3D printed scaffold is porous, semicrystalline with well‐defined architecture where the HAp's lattice structure remains intact by the replacement of Ca2+ ions with that of Mg2+.
The Mg‐HAp composite has enhanced antibacterial activity as compared to the pure HAp and is linked to the membrane disruption by the Mg ions.
The superior mechanical resistance of the composite was confirmed by means of stress‐strain, porosity, and maximum compressive strength measurements.
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•The utilization of a novel adsorbent Diphenyldiquinoline were investigated.•The optimum adsorption conditions were studied.•Important parameters such as solution temperature, pH, ...initial concentration, and agitation duration were investigated.•The adsorption process was investigated by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models.
The utilization of a novel adsorbent Diphenyldiquinoline (DPDQ) were investigated for phenol elimination originating from a heavily polluted besmirched aquatic stage. The optimum adsorption conditions were included such as initial pollutant concentrations, reaction temperatures, and experimental duration. The initial pollutant concentration of 3 ppm, 25 °C reaction temperature, pH 4, and 15 min of adsorption duration was found to be optimum. The adsorption process was studied by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models, which demonstrated the Langmuir model to represent the process as compared to other models. The adsorption process followed as pseudo-second-order kinetics with rate constant (k) value of 0.288 g.mg−1.min.−1, and qe, qmax values of 23.26 and 15.15 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, all essential thermodynamic variables such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) were calculated. The overall outcome shows the efficiency of DPDQ in phenol adsorption and it may become a viable solution in the near future.
The recent increase in the use of graphene and its derivatives is due to their exceptional physicochemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties as the industrial materials developed by ...involving graphene structures can fulfill future needs. In that view, the potential use of these graphene-containing nanomaterials in electronics applications has encouraged in-depth exploration of the electronic, conducting, and other functional properties. The protecting undifferentiated form of graphene has similarly been proposed for various applications, for example, as supercapacitors, photovoltaic and transparent conductors, touch screen points, optical limiters, optical frequency converters, and terahertz devices. The hybrid composite nanomaterials that undergo stimulus-induced optical and electrical changes are important for many new technologies based on switchable devices. As a two-dimensional smart electronic material, graphene has received widespread attention, and with that view, we aim to cover the various types of graphene oxide (GO)-based composites, linking their optical and electrical properties with their structural and morphological ones. We believe that the topics covered in this review can shed light on the development of high-yield GO-containing electronic materials, which can be fabricated as the field moves forward and makes more significant advances in smart optoelectronic devices.
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