Background
The objective of this study is to measure the levels of sestrin-2 (SESN2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), which can be determinants in the relevant physiopathology and ...etiology, assessment of the clinical severity, and identification of new treatment targets in major depressive disorder (MDD) and its subtypes.
Methods
A total of 230 volunteers, including 153 patients diagnosed with MDD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), and 77 healthy controls, were included in the study. Of the MDD patients included in the study, 40 had melancholic features, 40 had anxious distress features, 38 had atypical features, and the remaining 35 had psychotic features. All participants were administered the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) scale. Serum SESN2 and HIF-1α levels of the participants were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
Results
The HIF-1α and SESN2 values of the patient group were found to be significantly lower than those of the control group (
p
< 0.05). The HIF-1α and SESN2 values were significantly lower in patients with melancholic, anxious distress, and atypical features compared to the control group (
p
< 0.05). The HIF-1α and SESN2 levels did not differ significantly between patients with psychotic features and the control group (
p
> 0.05).
Conclusion
The findings of the study suggested that knowledge of SESN2 and HIF-1α levels may contribute to the explanation of the etiology of MDD, objective assessment of the severity of the disease, and identification of new treatment targets.
Accumulated evidence has demonstrated abnormal amygdala activation in bipolar disorder (BD). The olfactory bulb (OB) has vigorous connections with the amygdala. Although odor-related functions of the ...OB decreased during the evolutionary process, we hypothesized that an evolved OB with increased activation in emotion regulation may be one of the main factors affecting amygdala functions in BD. Our aim was to investigate metabolism in the OB and amygdala in patients with BD. Twenty-six patients diagnosed with BD according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were included in this cross-sectional study. Metabolism in the OB and amygdala was assessed using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT in patients with BD. The OB and amygdala metabolism was compared with the patients’
Z
scores. Both OB and amygdala metabolic activities were significantly higher than in the controls. A positive correlation was detected between right/left amygdala metabolism and right OB metabolism (
p
< 0.05, r:467 and r:662, respectively). This study increased our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of BD. In BD, the main cause of hypermetabolism in the amygdala may be increased metabolism in the OB. During evolution, the OB may have assumed a dominant role in emotional processing rather than olfactory functions.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of anxiety, health anxiety and somatosensory amplification in patients who presented with the clinical manifestation of Carpal Tunnel ...Syndrome (CTS) without electromyography findings.
Materials and Methods: Patients who applied to the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic, respectively, and were diagnosed with CTS with clinical findings were included in the study. The patients who were determined to have no evidence of conduction loss in EMG were evaluated by using Short Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18), SomatoSensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ).
Results: A total of 111 participants were included in the study, of whom 56 were patients and 55 were healthy control subjects. There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). A statistically significant relationship was observed between these scales and the VAS, BCTQ symptom-severity and BCTQ function status in the positive direction.
Conclusion: In our study, it was shown that the patient group showed higher anxiety, health anxiety and somatosensory amplification characteristics, and these features were associated with the severity of the CTS clinical scales. Studies with large-scale samples are needed to be carried out to confirm the results of this study.
Amaç: Bu çalışmada Karpal Tunel Sendromu (KTS) klinik tablosu ile başvuran ve Elektromyografi (EMG) sonucunda sinir iletimi normal tespit edilen hastalarda anksiyete, sağlık anksiyesi ve somatosensoryel amplifikasyon düzeylerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon polikliniğine sırasıyla başvurmuş klinik bulgular ile KTS tanısı konulan hastalar alındı. EMG’de iletim kaybı bulgusu olmayan hastalara Sağlık Anksiyetesi Ölçeği-18 (HAI-18), Bedensel Belirtileri Abartma Ölçeği (BBAÖ), Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ), Görsel Ağrı Skalası (VAS) ve Boston Karpal Tünel Sorgulama Anketi (BKTSA) uygulandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmamız 56 hasta, 55 kontrol olmak üzere 111 vakadan oluştu. 42 erkek olmak üzere, 69 vaka kadın cinsiyetteydi. Hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında yaş, cinsiyet, beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) açısından anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu. Uygulanan ölçekler ile VAS, BKTSA semptom şiddeti ve BKTSA fonksiyonel durum arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki gözlendi.
Sonuç: Çalışmamız ile bu hasta grubunun yüksek anksiyete, sağlık anksiyetesi ve somatosensoryal amplifikasyon özellikleri gösterdiği ve bu özelliklerin KTS klinik ölçeklerinin şiddeti ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Mevcut sonuçlarımızı doğrulamak için daha geniş örneklemlerde çalışmalara ihitiyaç vardır.
We investigated the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality and affecting factors on healthcare workers (HWs) without secondary trauma ...thus far in the period between the first cases in Turkey and the arrival of the first case in ahospital. This descriptive cross-sectional study included 169 HWs. We used Impact of Event Scale (IES-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessment. The mean age of HWs was 33.9±6.9 years and 56.2% were males. Of the HWs; 20.7% were nurses, 33.7% doctors and 45.6% staff members. IES-R classified the HWs as follows: 15.4% of them were affected mildly, 4.7% moderately and 9.5% of them were affected severely. 42.6% of HWs had apoor sleep quality. This study shows that how HWs were affected when the outbreak had not yet reached the hospital in which they work. In total, 29.6% of the HWs were psychologically affected by mild to severe levels from the outbreak in this period. The most prevalent psychological impact was poor sleep quality. Psychological impact on HWs may have begun before the outbreak reached the hospitals; therefore, necessary measures should be taken as early as possible.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals who mandated to the probation unit as the substances they use, their compliance with the programs, ...treatment outcomes and the relationships between these parameters. Secondly we aimed to determine the predictive factors that guide in taking protective measures.
The files of the individuals who applied to probation clinic of Gaziantep 25 Aralik State Hospital between 01.01.2019-31.12.2019 were examined retrospectively. SPSS 22.0 program was used to statistical analysis.
Totally 1024 cases were included in the study. Most of the cases were between the ages of 16-35 (84.1%) and 68.3% of individuals were primary school graduates. Most (n: 607, 59.3%) were single in terms of marital status. Substance was detected in the urine of 30.3% of the applicants (n: 311). Among the substances detected in urine, amphetamine-methamphetamine was in the first place with 13.6%. In terms of treatment compliance levels of probation, it was seen that 593 (57.9%) reports were prepared as "no treatment required", 117 (11.4%) were "compliant to treatment" and 303 (29.6%) were "noncompliant to treatment". A statistically significant difference was found between working status and treatment outcomes (p = 0.001). When the first urine result of the patients were grouped as negative and positive; A statistically significant difference was found between the first urine test and the treatment outcomes and criminal score (for both p = 0.001).There was a statistically significant difference between the status of being a probation measure previously and the outcome of treatment (p = 0.019).
In our study, the most used substance type was found to be amphetamine-methamphetamine (13.6%). Prevalence in substance use appears to be changing. This is an important finding about the prevalence of use of amphetamine-methamphetamine in Turkey. We suggest that those who have irregular jobs in the probation process, those with substance metabolites detected in the first urine, and those who have previously had probation precautions may have a poor prognosis and that it may be more effective to apply to those profiles in a general program that includes social and occupational fields.
INTRODUCTION|Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC) were established to provide psychosocial support services for patients with severe mental disorders such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ...unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of participation frequency in a CMHC on insight, treatment adherence and functionality in severe mental disorders.¤METHODS|362 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and psychosis according to the DSM–5 criteria and treated in CMHC were included in this retrospective study. The participation frequency of patients benefited from CMHC services for a year was retrospectively screened. The patients had been evaluated with Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and Schedule for Assessing the Three Components of Insight (SATCI), and Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia Scale (FROGS). Patients were divided into two groups as bipolar disorder and psychosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective and USS&OPD).¤RESULTS|The patients had been participated in CMHC services in 6 different frequency groups: 68 (18.8%) once in six months, 62 (17.1%) once in three months, 68 (18.8%) once in two months, 98 (27.1%) once/twice a month, 34 (9.4%) once/twice a week, 32 (8.8%) three/four times a week, respectively. There were significant differences between GAF, CGI, SATCI, MARS, FROGS scores in terms of participation frequencies of psychosis group and there were significant differences between GAF, CGI, MARS scores in terms of participation frequencies of bipolar disorder group at the end of one year. ¤DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION|In general, as the participation frequency increased, insight, treatment adherence and functionality increased. In addition to individual factors, our results will also contribute to determine the frequency of participation in CMHC.¤
Few studies have investigated the relationship between electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and markers of nitrosative stress and oxidative DNA damage.
The aim of this study is to examine changes in ...nitrosative stress and oxidative DNA damage in patients with a depressive episode treated with ECT.
The current study included 48 patients with a depressive episode treated with ECT and 30 healthy control participants. First, the serum nitrosative stress markers of nitric oxide (NO*), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were compared between the study and control groups. These parameters were also compared pre- and post-treatment for the study group.
NO*, NOS, and ONOO- levels were significantly higher in patients with depressive disorder (DD) than in the control group. NO* and NOS levels significantly decreased in the ECT group after treatment while 8-OHdG levels significantly increased.
The study findings suggest that ECT may have reduced nitrosative stress levels while increasing oxidative DNA damage. More research is now needed to better understand the issue.
KEY POINTS
Nitrosative stress levels can increase in patients with depressive disorder.
Electroconvulsive therapy may reduce nitrosative stress while increasıng oxidative DNA damage.
These results suggest that nitrosative stress plays an important role in the mechanism of action of electroconvulsive therapy.
Amaç: Bu çalışmada obsesif kompulsif bozukluk (OKB) hastalarında ürik asit, albümin, total bilirubin ve gamma glutamil transferaz (GGT) gibi serumda ölçülebilen oksidatif stres ile ilişkili basit ...laboratuvar parametrelerini sağlıklı kontroller ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Psikiyatri polikliniğinde DSM-5 kriterlerine göre OKB tanısı ile tedavi edilen hastalar alınmıştır. OKB tanısı konulan 117 hasta ve hasta grubu ile demografik veriler ile eşleşebilecek 80 kişi sağlıklı kontrol grubu olarak alındı. Hasta ve kontrol grubu serum ürik asit, albümin, total bilirubin ve GGT açısından karşılaştırıldı. Hastaların klinik özellikleri Yale Brown Obsesyon Kompulsiyon Ölçeği (Y-BOCS) ve Klinik Global İzlenim Şiddet Ölçeği (KGI-S) ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Hasta grubu yaş ortalaması 36.68±13.06 iken kontrol grubunun 35.54±8.82’di. Total bilirubin düzeyine bakıldığında hasta grubunda 0.69±2.19 mg/dL ve kontrol grubunda 0.63±0.47 mg/dL olmakla birlikte gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık vardı. GGT düzeyi hasta grubunda 22.85±15.80 U/L ve kontrol grubunda ise 19.29±11.52 U/L olmakla birlikte gruplar arasında anlamlı fark yoktu.
Sonuç: Hastalar bilirubin dışında doğal antioksidan açısından kontrollerden farklı değildi. Çalışmamızdaki bulgular OKB ile ürik asit, albümin ve GGT arasında nedensel bir ilişki olduğunu desteklememektedir.
Purpose: The aim of this stıudy was to examine easy laboratory parameters associated with oxidative stress that can be measured in serum such as uric acid, albumin, total biluribine and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) by comparing them with healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: 117 Patients who were diagnosed as OCD according to DSM-5 criteria and 80 healthy controls were included in the study. Patient and control groups were compared in terms of serum uric acid, albumin, total biluribine and GGT. Yale Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale and Clinical Global Impression Scale were used to assess clinical characteristics of the patients.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.68±13.06 years, while it was 35.54±8.82 in control group. Total biluribin levels was higher in patients (0.69±2.19 mg/dL) than controls (0.63±0.47 mg/dL). Although the GGT level was 22.85 ± 15.80 U / L in the patient group and 19.29 ± 11.52 U / L in the control group, there was no significant difference between the groups.
Conclusion: Patients did not differ from controls in terms of natural antioxidant, except bilirubin. The results do not support a causal relationship between OCD and uric acid, albumine and GGT.
This study aimed to study the effect of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (mECT) on hospitalization rates in patients who had been readmitted after acute courses of electroconvulsive therapy ...(ECT), and determine the most frequently used treatment schedules in mECT. Patients who had undergone mECT treatment for the last 5 years were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy patients were included in the study. The control group of 70 patients was selected from patients who received only acute ECT. Of the patients in the mECT group, 55.8% (39) were female, and 41.4% (29) were diagnosed with major depressive disorder. The mean number of patients hospitalized who received mECT after acute ECT was 0.55 ± 0.87, whereas it was 1.13 ± 1.31 in patients who received only pharmacotherapy after ECT in a covariant analysis adjusted for age and diagnosis. The most commonly used initial treatment protocol of mECT was weekly × 4, biweekly × 2, and monthly × 6. mECT is more effective in reducing hospitalization after acute ECT treatments than using psychotropic drugs alone for maintenance therapy.
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