In this study, the methods of pedestrian dead reckoning were implemented on a handheld embedded system by using measuring raw data obtained from inertial measurement unit sensors (IMU) and the best ...method was proposed after comparing them. The location estimation algorithms for pedestrians respectively are the orientation estimation, the step detection and the adaptive step length estimation. The low errors of these algorithms will contribute to obtain better location estimation results with high accuracy. Therefore, the factors causing errors and noises on especially handheld systems were probed and elimination of these problems was worked on. Noises and measurement errors occurred during stepping were eliminated by using Kalman Filter. In addition, the errors due to hand deviation during stepping were also eliminated by proposing conditional orientation algorithm. Finally, the method that gives better result was proposed by combining these algorithms.
The security literature has witnessed growing attempts to re-conceptualize security outside of the traditional concern with interstate military conflict. However, the existing literature offers only ...limited explanations of this tendency and only focusses on new challenges and largely neglects to rethink how the new border security issues are actually governed in practice. These endeavours have brought about the need to re-conceptualise border security which was once taken as ‘a sub-set of national security’, an isolated phenomenon. The research was carried out from an interpretive perspective and used qualitative methods - including semi-structured interviews with a range of key actors in this context in Turkey and a case study conducted in Turkey’s capital Ankara and in Kilis, a province at Turkey’s Syrian border - to collect the research data. The data were analysed thematically using sector standard software. The research found that Turkey’s compartmental and archaic national security architecture and the national security approach built around it, currently pose the main threat to the state and society as the organizations and practices of security were shaped by the particular geopolitical and technical requirements of the Cold War. The need for transformation emerges as an outcome of conflicts between the key actors (state and society) and the resistance to each other’s claims for control. There is a compelling case for the reconceptualization of border security as a comprehensive approach that leads all the relevant public and private capabilities, organises all departments, transforms national security understanding and shapes the future security architecture; not simply as the discursive identification of new threats. The research also found that the most salient feature of the politics of a non-traditional border security concept lies in the willingness of the state to challenge the conception that security issues can be resolved only at the national level. It is recognised that would be an explicitly political act that has the potential to transform traditional understandings of state-hood.
With ALICE at LHC a new energy domain of Quark-Gluon Plasma physics can be explored. Partonic energy loss studies are one of the major investigation methods, which can reveal important information ...about the interaction of quarks and gluons in the mentioned state of matter. To employ heavy quarks as probes is especially suited for this purpose, since they are created early in nucleus-nucleus collisions and experience the full collision history. An additional distinction between charm or bottom quarks contributes to refine the understanding of partonic energy loss. For this aim a separation method called factorization is developed. This analysis is based on the angular correlation of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays and D0 mesons, depending on the topology of underlying QCD processes. The purpose is to obtain a momentum dependent charm to beauty cross section ratio in proton-proton collisions, which is a baseline for the lead-lead collisions and an essential input for partonic energy loss models. The analysis presented is a groundwork, showing how such an analysis can be done in ALICE. Precondition of such kind of analysis are the reconstruction of D0 mesons and the identification and selection of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays. First D0 mesons in ALICE are measured, by developing a particle identification strategy for the D0 → Kπ decay mode and kinematical selection criteria for the mentioned two daughter particles. Moreover the measured D0 mesons provide the possibility to make comparisons with perturbative QCD cross section calculations and check their agreement. Conclusions on the statistical model are possible as well, with the measurement of the ratio of neutral and charged D mesons. Also a preliminary selection strategy to separate electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays from other electrons is worked out and a novel background subtraction technique of non- heavy flavor background in the correlation distribution is presented as well. Since this analysis is very statistics-hungry, there is currently no statistically conclusive correlation plot possible, with the present amount of collected events. Nevertheless, a first evaluation employing the factorization method is done.
