Higher-order topological insulators are newly proposed topological phases of matter, whose bulk topology manifests as localized modes at two- or higher-dimensional lower boundaries. In this Letter, ...we propose the twisted bilayer graphenes with large angles as higher-order topological insulators, hosting topological corner charges. At large commensurate angles, the intervalley scattering opens up the bulk gap and the corner states occur at half filling. Based on both first-principles calculations and analytic analysis, we show the striking results that the emergence of the corner states do not depend on the choice of the specific angles as long as the underlying symmetries are intact. Our results show that the twisted bilayer graphene can serve as a robust candidate material of a two-dimensional higher-order topological insulator.
Background
The comprehensive complication index (CCI) integrates all complications of the Clavien–Dindo classification (CDC) and offers a metric approach to measure morbidity. The aim of this study ...was to evaluate the CCI at a high-volume center for gastric cancer surgery and to compare the CCI to the conventional CDC.
Methods
Clinical factors were collected from the prospective complication data of gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy at Seoul National University Hospital from 2013 to 2014. CDC and CCI were calculated, and risk factors were investigated. Correlations and generalized linear models of hospital stay were compared between the CCI and CDC. The complication monitoring model with cumulative sum control-CCI (CUSUM-CCI) was displayed for individual surgeons, for comparisons between surgeons, and for the institution.
Results
From 1660 patients, 583 complications in 424 patients (25.5%) were identified. The rate of CDC grade IIIa or greater was 9.7%, and the overall CCI was 5.8 ± 11.7. Age, gender, Charlson score, combined resection, open method, and total gastrectomy were associated with increased CCI (
p
< 0.05). The CCI demonstrated a stronger relationship with hospital stay (
ρ
= 0.721,
p
< 0.001) than did the CDC (
ρ
= 0.634,
p
< 0.001). For prolonged hospital stays (≥30 days), only the CCI showed a moderate correlation (
ρ
= 0.544,
p
= 0.024), although the CDC did not. The CUSUM-CCI model displayed dynamic time–event differences in individual and comparison monitoring models. In the institution monitoring model, a gradual decrease in the CCI was observed.
Conclusions
The CCI is more strongly correlated with postoperative hospital stay than is the conventional CDC. The CUSUM-CCI model can be used for the continuous monitoring of surgical quality.
M-theoretic genesis of topological phases Cho, Gil Young; Gang, Dongmin; Kim, Hee-Cheol
The journal of high energy physics,
11/2020, Letnik:
2020, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We present a novel M-theoretic approach of constructing and classifying anyonic topological phases of matter, by establishing a correspondence between (2+1)d topological field theories and ...non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds. In this construction, the topological phases emerge as macroscopic world-volume theories of M5-branes wrapped around certain types of non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds. We devise a systematic algorithm for identifying the emergent topological phases from topological data of the internal wrapped 3-manifolds. As a benchmark of our approach, we reproduce all the known unitary bosonic topological orders up to rank 4. Remarkably, our construction is not restricted to an unitary bosonic theory but it can also generate fermionic and/or non-unitary anyon models in an equivalent fashion. Hence, we pave a new route toward the classification of topological phases of matter.
Background and objective
We aimed to provide real-world data on the effectiveness of an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody administered for treating migraine in Korean patients.
...Methods
We prospectively recruited patients with migraine who received galcanezumab treatment at a single university hospital from June 2020 to April 2021. The treatment response was assessed after three consecutive monthly injections. A 50% responder rate was evaluated based on ≥50% reduction in the number of moderate/severe headache days.
Results
Overall, 87 patients were included in the analysis. Most patients were women (83.9%). They had a mean age of 41.7 ± 12.3 years (range 17–72). Sixty-five patients (74.7%) had chronic migraine, 35 patients (40.2%) had a history of medication-overuse headache, and 32 patients (36.8%) were previously unresponsive to or found intolerable five classes of preventive medication. After three months of treatment, mean changes in numbers of monthly headache days, moderate/severe headache days, crystal clear days, and days of acute medication use were −7.2 ± 8.43, −4.3 ± 9.76, 7.3 ± 8.50, and −4.1 ± 7.93, respectively. The 50% responder rates were 58.3%, 44.2%, and 40.6% for patients with unsuccessful previous use of 0–1, 2–4, and 5 preventive medication classes, respectively. Headache Impact Test-6 and Migraine Disability Assessment Test scores also decreased (−4.4 ± 8.09 and −32.9 ± 77.04, respectively).
Conclusion
In our cohort, the effectiveness and safety of galcanezumab were comparable with those reported in clinical trials, whereas a higher response rate was observed in the difficult-to-treat patient subset than that reported in trials. We provide real-world evidence of galcanezumab treatment benefits in Asian patients with migraine.
We construct new many-body invariants for 2D Chern and 3D chiral hinge insulators characterizing quantized pumping of bulk dipole and quadrupole moments. The many-body invariants are written entirely ...in terms of many-body ground state wave functions on a torus geometry with twisted boundary conditions and a set of unitary operators. We present a number of supporting arguments for the invariants via topological field theory interpretation, adiabatic pumping argument, and direct mapping to free-fermion band indices. Therefore, the invariants explicitly encircle several different pillars of theoretical descriptions of topological phases. Furthermore, our many-body invariants are written in forms which can be directly employed in various numerics including the exact diagonalization and the density-matrix renormalization group simulations. We finally confirm our invariants by numerical computations including an infinite density-matrix renormalization group on quasi-one-dimensional systems.
We consider the geometric part of the effective action for the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). It is shown that accounting for the framing anomaly of the quantum Chern-Simons theory is ...essential to obtain the correct gravitational linear response functions. In the lowest order in gradients, the linear response generating functional includes Chern-Simons, Wen-Zee, and gravitational Chern-Simons terms. The latter term has a contribution from the framing anomaly which fixes the value of thermal Hall conductivity and contributes to the Hall viscosity of the FQH states on a sphere. We also discuss the effects of the framing anomaly on linear responses for non-Abelian FQH states.
Kinks, point‐like geometrical defects along dislocations, domain walls, and DNA, are stable and mobile, as solutions of a sine‐Gordon wave equation. While they are widely investigated for crystal ...deformations and domain wall motions, electronic properties of individual kinks have received little attention. In this work, electronically and topologically distinct kinks are discovered along electronic domain walls in a correlated van der Waals insulator of 1T‐TaS2. Mobile kinks and antikinks are identified as trapped by pinning defects and imaged in scanning tunneling microscopy. Their atomic structures and in‐gap electronic states are unveiled, which are mapped approximately into Su–Schrieffer–Heeger solitons. The twelvefold degeneracy of the domain walls in the present system guarantees an extraordinarily large number of distinct kinks and antikinks to emerge. Such large degeneracy together with the robust geometrical nature may be useful for handling multilevel information in van der Waals materials architectures.
Mobile solitons are discovered in a van der Waals material as kinks and antikinks along domain walls in the 2D layer with spontaneously broken symmetry. The mobility, electronic states, and topology of kink solitons are elucidated, which makes the application of solitons in van der Waals electronic materials promising.
The influence of nanoparticles on the flow-boiling of R-134a and R-134a/polyolester mixtures is quantified for flows of low vapor quality (
x
<
20%) over a range of mass fluxes (100
<
G
<
400
kg/m
2
...s). With direct dispersion of SiO
2 nanoparticles in R-134a, the heat transfer coefficient decreases (as much as 55%) in comparison to pure R-134a. This degradation is, in part, due to difficulties in obtaining a stable dispersion. However, excellent dispersion is achieved for a mixture of R-134a and polyolester oil with CuO nanoparticles, and the heat transfer coefficient increases more than 100% over baseline R-134a/polyolester results. In the range of these experiments, nanoparticles have an insignificant effect on the flow pressure drop with the R-134a/POE/CuO nanofluid.
Intradermal injection of botulinum neurotoxin is a frequently performed procedure in aesthetic dermatology to improve facial skin tone, texture, fine wrinkles, and enlarged pores. In practice, ...botulinum neurotoxin type A is also used to reduce skin oiliness of the face. There is increasing evidence that acetylcholine plays specific roles in sebum production, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxin type A may reduce sebum production by interfering with cholinergic transmission between sebaceous glands and autonomic nerve terminals. Botulinum neurotoxins can also inhibit several pathogenetic components of acne development, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxins can be used as a safe and effective treatment modality for acne and other skin disorders related to overactivity of sebaceous glands. This review aims to explore the current evidence behind the treatment of facial seborrhea and acne with botulinum neurotoxin type A.
When two periodic potentials compete in materials, one may adopt the other, which straightforwardly generates topological defects. Of particular interest are domain walls in charge-, dipole-, and ...spin-ordered systems, which govern macroscopic properties and important functionality. However, detailed atomic and electronic structures of domain walls have often been uncertain and the microscopic mechanism of their functionality has been elusive. Here, we clarify the complete atomic and electronic structures of the domain wall network, a honeycomb network connected by Z
vortices, in the nearly commensurate Mott charge-density wave (CDW) phase of 1T-TaS
. Scanning tunneling microscopy resolves characteristic charge orders within domain walls and their vortices. Density functional theory calculations disclose their unique atomic relaxations and the metallic in-gap states confined tightly therein. A generic theory is constructed, which connects this emergent honeycomb network of conducting electrons to the enhanced superconductivity.
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