Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is the most rapidly growing waste stream in the world, and in developing countries, the majority of the residues are disposed of in the open. Polymers ...and printed circuit boards (PCB) compose the major portion of WEEE. Motivated by this important problem, this review describes the contributions of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to the chemical inspection of polymers and PCB from WEEE. Several aspects of this technique have been reported, such as the application of chemometric tools, data mining, data treatment and manipulation. We also present an emission-line library for the identification of the polymers in WEEE. Additionally, we highlight the work of many LIBS researchers who have developed, adapted, and improved the WEEE analysis methods.
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•Electronic waste chemical inspection using LIBS technique.•Chemometrics applications combining LIBS data and WEEE.•Emission lines library for polymers identification in WEEE.•Data mining and processing with chemometric strategies.•Calibration using direct solid samples analysis after data normalization.
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is one of the world's fastest-growing class of waste. WEEE contain a large amount of precious materials that have aroused the interest to develop new ...recycling technologies. Hence, effective recycling strategies are extremely necessary to promote the proper handling of these materials as well as for environmentally sound recovery of secondary raw resource. This paper reviews important existing methods and emerging technologies in WEEE management, with special emphasis in characterization, extraction and reclamation of precious materials from waste computer and mobile phones. Traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical technologies still play a central role in the recovery of metals. More recently, emerging greener recycling technologies using microorganisms (i.e. biometallurgical), plasma arc fusion method and pretreatments (i.e. ultrasound and mechanochemical technologies) combined with other recycling methods (e.g. hydrometallurgical), and using less toxic solvents such as ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have also been attempted to recycle metals from computer and mobile phone scrap. The role of analytical method development, especially using spectroanalytical methods for chemical inspection and e-waste sorting process at industrial applications is also discussed. This confirmed that most direct sampling techniques such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and X-ray fluorescence (XFR) have several advantages over traditional sorting methods including rapid analytical response, without use of chemical reagents or waste generation, and greater reclamation of precious and critical materials in the WEEE stream.
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•Electronics wastes are rich in secondary raw materials including valuable metals.•Traditional and emerging technologies for the reclamation of metals were discussed.•Spectrometric methods offer direct and rapid sensing of valuable materials in WEEE.•Best recycling management strategies may be achieved using automated systems.
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•LIBS as a tool for industrial process control.•Direct solid sample inspection of WEEE using LIBS.•Chemometrics application combining LIBS data and WEEE.•Evaluation and optimization ...of industrial processes using chemometric tools.
Many studies in the literature show that waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is increasing significantly worldwide, so new management methods and technologies for recycling this waste are needed. Similar to the need for new methods and technologies for recycling WEEE, there is a concern about the development of new methods of analysis with the concepts of green chemistry to control chemical processes. Motivated by these important problems, this study had as its main goal the development of an alternative analytical method for the control of a hydrometallurgical Cu recovery process in discarded printed circuit boards using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The results presented in this work show that LIBS can be used as an alternative technique to control the Cu leaching process. Presenting the advantage of requiring a relatively less complex sample preparation compared to other analytical techniques for determining metals and without the consumption of critical reagents, such as acids and bases.
Resumo Fundamento: A reperfusão miocárdica é parte fundamental do tratamento para infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de ST (IAMCSST) e é responsável por reduzir morbimortalidade no ...paciente acometido. No entanto, as taxas de reperfusão são geralmente mais baixas e as taxas de mortalidade mais altas em mulheres que em homens. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência do uso de terapias de reperfusão em mulheres e homens com IAMCSST nos hospitais com capacidade para realizar intervenção coronariana percutânea (ICP) no estado de Sergipe. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Registro VICTIM. Foram avaliados pacientes com diagnóstico de IAMCSST admitidos nos quatro hospitais com capacidade para realizar ICP no estado de Sergipe, sendo um público e três privados, no período de dezembro de 2014 a junho de 2018. Foi aplicada análise multivariada com modelo ajustado utilizando mortalidade como variável dependente. Em todas as análises, o nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Foram incluídos 878 voluntários com diagnóstico confirmado de IAMCSST, dos quais 33,4% eram mulheres. Apenas 53,3% dos pacientes foram submetidos à reperfusão miocárdica (134 mulheres versus 334 homens). A fibrinólise foi realizada somente em 2,3% de todos os pacientes (1,7% das mulheres versus 2,6% dos homens; p=0,422). Nas mulheres, a taxa de ICP primária foi menor (44% versus 54,5%; p=0,003) e a mortalidade hospitalar foi maior (16,1% versus 6,7%; p<0,001) que nos homens. Conclusão: As mulheres apresentam taxas significativamente menores de ICP primária e significativamente maiores de mortalidade hospitalar que os homens. A taxa de reperfusão em ambos os gêneros foi baixa e houve nítida subutilização de agentes trombolíticos.
Introduction
In Brazil, the Unified Health System (SUS) controls and oversees public health care, and the Family Health Strategy (FHS) is its primary access, with 60% of the population registered in ...it. The surveillance of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is the responsibility of the FHS. In 2010, the American Heart Association (AHA) proposed the evaluation of seven metrics (smoking, Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure and blood glucose) with an aim to monitoring cardiovascular health (CVH). However, the results of the FHS regarding the CVH of the Brazilian population are unascertained.
Objective
Evaluate the control of CVH among adult patients treated by the FHS in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
Material and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using the seven metrics recommended by the AHA to evaluate CVH among patients treated by the FHS. The city of Aracaju has a population of 571,149 inhabitants, with 394,267 > 20 years of age; therefore, it was admitted that in a simple random sample, sampling error of 5% with 95% CI, 329 individuals would be needed.
Results
Among 400 patients, only 32.5% had controlled CVH. In a univariate analysis, the adjusted multivariate analysis found that being female (aOR: 2.07 IC: 1.20 to 3.60
p
: 0.006) under 45 years old (aOR: 1.61 IC: 1.15 to 2.28
p
: 0.006) and with the habit of following health advice from family members and neighbors (aOR: 1.28 IC: 1.15 to 2.28
p
: 0.040) were associated with control of CVH. On the other hand, those ones who had a greater number of children (aOR: 0.91 IC: 0.84 to 0.95
p
: 0.020) were associated with less control of CVH.
Conclusions
The study showed that only 32.5% of patients have controlled CVH. Being a woman, young and following health advice from family members and neighbors have a positive influence in controlling CVH. More children reduced controlling these metrics.
The objective of this study was to evaluate intake and apparent digestibility of agro-industrial by-product of peach palm in diets for lambs. Twenty castrated, crossbred Santa Ines lambs, with ...average age of 150 days and body weight of 22.4 ± 3.4 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design with four experimental diets composed of the following: fresh by-product of peach palm enriched with urea + ammonia sulfate (FU); fresh peach palm by-product + concentrate (FP); silage of peach palm by-product + concentrate (SP); and silage of peach palm by-product enriched with 15 % of cornmeal + concentrate (SPC). Intake was recorded daily, and the digestibility coefficients were estimated with the internal marker indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF). Diet FU resulted in the lowest intake and digestibility of the nutrients evaluated. Animals receiving diet FP showed higher intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and digestible energy (DE) in relation to animals fed diets SP and SPC. Diets SP and SPC showed higher coefficients of digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and NDF than diet FP. Diet SP reduced the intakes of DM, OM, ether extract (EE), non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC), TDN, and DE and the digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, and NFC as compared with diet SPC. Feedlot lambs fed a diet with fresh peach palm by-product + concentrate (diet FP) have higher nutrient intake.
Desafios para a intervenção em saúde do trabalhador Jackson Filho, José Marçal; Pina, José Augusto; Vilela, Rodolfo Gouveia de Andrade ...
Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional,
12/2018, Letnik:
43, Številka:
suppl 1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Resumo O objetivo deste ensaio é refletir sobre o papel da intervenção em saúde do trabalhador, seus objetos e modalidades no contexto atual, caracterizado pelas recém-promulgadas reforma trabalhista ...e lei da terceirização, por novas formas de gestão e por transformações nas tecnologias de produção e de serviços. A intervenção é concebida como processo para efetivação de mudanças nas situações de trabalho a fim de eliminar ou reduzir os agravos a elas relacionados e, ao mesmo tempo, aumentar o poder de agir individual e coletivo dos trabalhadores. Enfim, refletir sobre a intervenção remete também a indagar sobre o poder de agir da atuação profissional e da pesquisa no campo, assim como sobre o que se espera das instituições nas novas configurações do trabalho no Brasil.
To investigate the association between the severity of erectile dysfunction (ED) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in men undergoing coronary angiography for angina or acute myocardial infarct (AMI).
...We studied 132 males who underwent coronary angiography for first time between January and November 2010. ED severity was assessed by the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) and CAD severity was assessed by the Syntax score. Patients with CAD (cases) and without CAD (controls) had their IIEF-5 compared. In the group with CAD, their IIEF-5 scores were compared to their Syntax score results.
We identified 86 patients with and 46 without CAD. The IIEF-5 score of the group without CAD (22.6±0.8) was significantly higher than the group with CAD (12.5±0.5; p<0.0001). In patients without ED, the Syntax score average was 6.3±3.5, while those with moderate or severe ED had a mean Syntax score of 39.0±11.1. After adjustment, ED was independently associated to CAD, with an odds ratio of 40.6 (CI 95%, 14.3-115.3, p<0.0001). The accuracy of the logistic model to correctly identify presence or absence of CAD was 87%, with 92% sensitivity and 78% specificity. The average time that ED was present in patients with CAD was 38.8±2.3 months before coronary symptoms, about twice as high as patients without CAD (18.0±5.1 months).
ED severity is strongly and independently correlated with CAD complexity, as assessed by the Syntax score in patients undergoing coronariography for evaluation of new onset coronary symptoms.
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