Rad donosi pregled razvoja pneumatskih konstrukcija kao specifičnoga konstrukcijskog politipa. Pneumatske konstrukcije započele su razvoj s prvim balonima na topli zrak u 18. st., tijekom Drugoga ...svjetskog rata koriste se u vojne svrhe, nakon čega slijedi i njihova civilna upotreba. Krajem 20. i početkom 21. st., s ubrzanim razvojem suvremenih projektantskih tehnika i računalnog upravljanja, dolazi do udruživanja robotske komponente s pneumatskom konstrukcijom u nastajanju nove kategorije pneubotskih konstrukcija.
This paper presents the evolution of pneumatic structures as a specific structural polytype. The development of pneumatic structures began with the first hot air balloons in the 18th century. During World War II they were used for military purposes and afterwards for civilian purposes. Rapid development of contemporary design techniques and computer control in the late 20th and early 21st century led to a combination of a robotic component and a pneumatic structure resulting in a new type of pneubotic structures.
The article examines the actuation characteristics of different basic structural schemes—basic body plans—for soft modular pneubotics in architecture are investigated. Eight basic body plans are ...translated from abstract expressions into their corresponding modular structures and (re)constructed in their physical form using up to 12 soft unit elements in the shape of a cube. Reconstructed basic body plans are then examined through a qualitative analysis of their ability to actuate and change the shape of the structure. Through adaptive manual inflation of an individual element, a group of elements, or all elements at once, motions and transformations are produced and evaluated. The results show that five out of eight basic body plans have higher actuation capacity while three show a less pronounced capacity to change shape. Based on the most pronounced characteristics of the examined basic body plans, design opportunities for potential architectural applications are proposed. These include structures that can self-erect, lift, tilt, bend, change thickness, curvature, etc. What is also shown is that basic body plans could be combined into one complex structural body.
Članak donosi teorijski model za projektiranje mekih pneubotskih konstrukcija koje se mogu konstruirati i pokretati koristeći jedinični modularni volumenski element. Analizom konstrukcije mekih ...robota, pneumatski prilagodljivih i reagirajućih konstrukcija te umjetničkih instalacija, dobiven je set od četiriju osnovnih tipova tjelesnih nacrta kao apstraktnih izraza za projektiranje složenih modularnih pneubotskih konstrukcija u arhitekturi.
This article introduces a theoretical model for the design of pneubotic structures that can be constructed and actuated by using the modular unit volume element. Through analysis of construction of soft robots, pneumatically adaptive and responsive structures and art installations, a set of four basic body plans is proposed, as abstract expressions that form a base for the design of soft modular pneubotics in architecture.
PNEUMATSKE KONSTRUKCIJE SUVREMENE KONSTRUKCIJE LAGANE KONSTRUKCIJE PNEUBOTIKA BIOMIMETIKA PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES CONTEMPORARY STRUCTURES LIGHT STRUCTURES PNEUBOTICS BIOMIMETICS Rad donosi pregled ...razvoja pneumatskih konstrukcija kao specificnoga konstrukcijskog politipa. Pneumatske konstrukcije zapocele su razvoj s prvim balonima na topli zrak u 18. st., tijekom Drugoga svjetskog rata koriste se u vojne svrhe, nakon cega slijedi i njihova civilna upotreba. Krajem 20. i pocetkom 21. st., s ubrzanim razvojem suvremenih projektantskih tehnika i racunalnog upravljanja, dolazi do udruzivanja robotske komponente s pneumatskom konstrukcijom u nastajanju nove kategorije pneubotskih konstrukcija. This paper presents the evolution of pneumatic structures as a specific structural polytype. The development of pneumatic structures began with the first hot air balloons in the 18 (th) century. During World War II they were used for military purposes and afterwards for civilian purposes. Rapid development of contemporary design techniques and computer control in the late 20 (th) and the early 21 (st) century led to a combination of a robotic component and a pneumatic structure resulting in a new type of pneubotic structures. UVOD (1) INTRODUCTION
Članak daje opći i informativni pregled gradnji aluminijskih kuća od prve polovice 20. stoljeća do danas. Aluminij je materijal koji se rijetko koristi za izradu glavne nosive konstrukcije zgrada pa ...aluminijskih kuća u cijelome svijetu ima malo. Odabrane obiteljske kuće prikazane su kroz njihovu konstrukciju i način gradnje u odnosu s tehnologijom oblikovanja aluminija. Zbog čestih inovacija u gradnji značajan ih je broj sačuvan kao muzejski izlošci.
Machine learning requires exuberant amounts of data and computation. Also, models require equally excessive growth in the number of parameters. It is, therefore, sensible to look for technologies ...that reduce these demands on resources. Here, we propose an approach called guided transfer learning. Each weight and bias in the network has its own guiding parameter that indicates how much this parameter is allowed to change while learning a new task. Guiding parameters are learned during an initial scouting process. Guided transfer learning can result in a reduction in resources needed to train a network. In some applications, guided transfer learning enables the network to learn from a small amount of data. In other cases, a network with a smaller number of parameters can learn a task which otherwise only a larger network could learn. Guided transfer learning potentially has many applications when the amount of data, model size, or the availability of computational resources reach their limits.
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