Carbon emissions are primarily the result of human activity in urban areas. Inadequate sanitary facilities, contaminated drinking water, nonrenewable energy, and high traffic congestion have all ...impacted the natural ecosystem. Using data from 1975 to 2019, the study assessed the impact of the aforementioned variables on Pakistan’s carbon emissions in light of this crucial fact. The ARDL cointegration method was used to estimate the short- and long-run parameter estimates. Urban sanitation challenges and energy consumption increase carbon emissions, which affects the natural environment by raising a country’s carbon intensity. Economic expansion confirmed the inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth to verify the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the long run. In contrast, the monotonically rising function of carbon emissions provides evidence of the nation’s economic development in the short run. Access to clean drinking water improves population health and encourages the purchase of eco-friendly products. The government must improve sanitation services and use renewable energy sources to enhance air quality.
This study examines the impact of fossil fuel consumption, nonrenewable energy consumption, population, affluence, and poverty on carbon emissions in Pakistan by using a time series data from 1972 to ...2014. The study uses a flexible ecological framework known as the STIRPAT model. The Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model and Error Correction Model (ECM) are used to estimate the robust results. The results show that consumption of fossil fuels, population growth, improvement in affluence level, and urbanization are contributing factors to high carbon emissions in Pakistan. The results also highlight that poverty alleviation and carbon emissions have opposite trends, this shows that the efforts to reduce poverty are stimulating the consumption of low-cost energy sources such as fossil fuels, and contributing to carbon emissions. However, results indicate that an increase in the share of renewable energy in total energy use and consumption of hydroelectric energy has the potential to reduce carbon emissions in Pakistan. The results highlight that there is a need to promote the use of renewable and hydroelectric energy. At domestic level, this will assist to meet the energy demand of the growing population and also prove helpful to reduce carbon emissions. Thus, the study recommends that a transition from fossil fuel energy to renewable and hydroelectric energy could prove an effective strategy to improve the affluence level, to alleviate poverty and effective to reduce carbon emissions in Pakistan.
Since human beings have a long tradition of coexistence with pandemics, which may profoundly impact them, adopting preventive measures is crucial for humankind's survival. This study explores the ...intention-based critical factors affecting the willingness of individuals to adopt pandemic prevention. To this end, a representative sample of 931 Pakistanis filled in an online questionnaire. However, only 828 questionnaires were found to be complete and valid for path modeling analysis. The core findings are as follows: Firstly, peer groups' beliefs, self-efficacy, perceived risk, pandemic knowledge, ease of pandemic prevention adoption, and risk-averse behavior are revealed as driving forces of the individuals' willingness to adopt pandemic prevention. Contrastingly, a lack of trust in political will and mythical attitude towards pandemics are uncovered as inhibitors. Nevertheless, moral values depict a neutral role. Secondly, the peer groups' beliefs are highest ranked, followed by the lack of trust in political will and a mythical attitude towards pandemic prevention. Finally, moral values are determined as the lowest-ranked critical factor. Based on these results, the government should promote awareness campaigns on lethality and fatality of the pandemic at both centralized and decentralized levels to win people's trust at the grass-roots level and overcome the mythical attitude of individuals at all societal levels. Besides, access to personal protective gears should be made feasible since an easier pandemic prevention adoption would increase the individuals' willingness to adopt such preventative measures.
Over the last few decades, economic policy uncertainty (EPU) has surged across the globe. Furthermore, EPU affects economic activities, which may also generate strong CO
2
emissions. The goal of this ...study is to explore the impact of EPU (measured by the world uncertainty index) on CO
2
emissions in the case of the top ten carbon emitter countries, spanning the period 1990 to 2015. The findings from the PMG-ARDL modelling approach document that the world uncertainty index (WUI) affects CO
2
emissions in both the short and the long run. In the short run, a 1% increase in WUI mitigates CO
2
emissions by 0.11%, while a 1% rise in WUI escalates CO
2
emissions by 0.12% in the long run. The findings could have some substantial practical effects on economic policies through which policy makers try to shrink any uncertainty by organizing and participating in international summits and treaties. In addition, international organizations could also launch certain programs to shrink uncertainties associated with economic policy. Finally, these countries should introduce innovation, renewable energy, and enforce alternative technologies that are environment friendly. Overall, governments must provide strong tax exemptions on the use of clean energy, while R&D budgets should also expand.
This study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment and CSR participation on both social performance and environmental performance. The current study ...examines the influence of CSR commitment on CSR participation. This study also tested the mediating effect of CSR participation in the connection between CSR commitment and social performance as well as between CSR commitment and environmental performance. Data were collected from 324 managers of hotels and tourism units. Statistical techniques such as correlation, regression and AMOS 7.0 software were used for data analysis. Results reveal that CSR commitment positively predicts CSR participation. CSR participation significantly predicts the social performance and environmental performance. The direct link of CSR commitment with social performance and environmental performance is positive and significant. The findings also reveal that CSR participation mediates the relationship between both CSR commitment and social performance and CSR commitment and environmental performance links.
The work at hand examined the mediating role of meaningful work in the negative association between ethical leadership and service employees' knowledge-hiding behavior. The role of harmonious work ...passion as a contingent factor of the direct association between ethical leadership and service employees' knowledge-hiding behavior was also tested. Based on time-lagged (three waves, two months apart) survey data collected from 471 employees working in 52 service sector firms spanning different industries, the results showed a negative association between ethical leadership and service employees' engagement in knowledge-hiding behaviors, both directly and indirectly, via meaningful work. It was also found that the direct association between ethical leadership and knowledge hiding was contingent on harmonious work passion. The findings suggest that managers can deter service employees' engagement in knowledge-hiding behaviors and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage by demonstrating ethical behaviors and bolstering employees' perceptions of meaningful work.
The present study proposes that spiritual leadership is positively associated with organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE) directly and indirectly, via environmental justice ...orientation. The study also proposes harmonious environmental passion as a moderator of the relationship between spiritual leadership and OCBE. The proposed relationships were tested using time-lagged survey data from 337 supervisor-employee dyads in 41 Chinese firms. We found that spiritual leadership is positively associated with OCBE, both directly and indirectly, via environmental justice orientation. Interestingly, the results revealed that the direct association of spiritual leadership with OCBE was contingent on harmonious environmental passion. Our findings offer important implications that can help managers make appropriate interventions to reduce organizations' carbon footprint.
Highlights
The relationship between spiritual leadership and OCBE was examined
Data were collected from 337 supervisor-employee dyads
Spiritual leadership is positively related to OCBE
Environmental justice orientation mediates the spiritual leadership-OCBE link
Environmental harmonious passion moderates the spiritual leadership-OCBE link
Pakistan is a developing country making efforts to become compatible to foreign industry for smooth economic activities. A developmental wave of China Pakistan Economic Corridor puts pressure on ...Pakistan corporate industrial sector to speed up its strategical & developmental implementation process to remains in or surpass competition. For this Pakistan industry is gradually moving towards Corporate Social Responsible actions while China is leading from front.
The intention of this paper is to examine moderating and direct impact of innovation on corporate social responsibility and firm performance in manufacturing industry of Pakistan. For this; panel data of three years was collected. Theoretical framework is based on two theories that are resource based and institutional theory.
The direct and moderating effect was test by using multiple regression technique. The results was that significant direct relationship exist among CSR, Innovation and Firm Performance while moderating effect of innovation is absent between CSR and Firm performance.
This study attempts to analyse the influence of urbanization, economic growth, and population size on residential carbon emissions in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) ...member nations for the period 1994 to 2013. To do so, we employ an augmented STIRPAT model in an ecological analytic framework with a fixed effect regression model that incorporates Driscoll and Kraay standard errors. The results show that population size and per capita GDP are leading drivers of high carbon emissions in the SAARC countries. The empirical results show that a U-shaped relationship exists between urbanization and residential carbon emissions: residential carbon emissions initially decrease with an increase in urbanization, reach a turning point at 25.33% and then increase with urbanization. Thus, our findings suggest a need for stronger national policies to control the impact of urbanization and population growth on residential carbon emissions in the SAARC member countries.
Graphic abstract
Since the turn of twenty first century, economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and geopolitical risk (GPR) have escalated across the globe. These two factors have both economic and environmental impacts. ...However, there exists dearth of literature that expounds the impact of EPU and GPR on environmental degradation. This study, therefore, probes the impact of EPU and GPR on ecological footprint (proxy for environmental degradation) in selected emerging economies. Cross-sectional dependence test, slope heterogeneity test, Westerlund co-integration test, fully modified least ordinary least square estimator, dynamic OLS estimator, and augmented mean group estimator are employed to conduct the robust analyses. The findings reveal that EPU and non-renewable energy consumption escalate ecological footprint, whereas GPR and renewable energy plunge ecological footprint. In addition, findings from the causality test reveal both uni-directional and bi-directional causality between a few variables. Based on the findings, we deduce several policy implications to accomplish the sustainable development goals in emerging economies.
PDF
