The aim is to compare the radionuclide (DC) and ultrasonographic (US) method in the assessment of gallbladder (GB) motility.
The study was performed in 15 controls (C), 10 patients with acute ...cholecystitis (AC), 20 patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis (CAC), 26 patients with chronic cholecystitis with calculosis (CCC) as well as in 15 patients with GB dyskinesia (D). GB emptying period (EP), ejection fraction (EF) and ejection rate (ER) were estimated with dynamic cholescintigraphy (DC) and US.
The DC and US finding in the patients with AC was typical in all the patients, i.e. GB was not visualized at all on DC, while on US, stone was visible in the cystic duct. There were significant differences (p<0.05) between the EF and ER values obtained between C and the three groups of patients CAC, CCC and D, using both methods. However, there were no significant differences in EF, EP and ER values among CAC, CCC and D (p>0.05). There was also high correlation between the results obtained with both methods in all the groups of patients studied.
The results obtained by both methods are valuable for the assessment of GB motility. Although there are no significant differences and there is a high correlation between the values, radionuclide method is more precise, because it can register motility continuously.
The aim of this study was the detection of helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and estimation of the clinical validity and the accuracy of the 14C-urea breath test in the groups of patients studied. A ...total of 248 patients with gastric diseases were examined. There were 38 patients with gastric ulcer, 41 with duodenal ulcer, 43 with gastroduodenitis erosiva, 26 with hiatus hernia, 36 with gastric carcinoma and 64 patients with gastritis. There were 103 true positive (TP), 139 true negative (TN), 4 false negative (FN) and 2 false positive (FP) patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of the HP infection between the groups of patients studied (p > 0.05). Sensitivity of the method was 96.3%, specificity 98.6%, positive predictive value 98.1%, negative predictive value 97.2% and accuracy 97.6%. Our results point out that the method is very accurate for the detection of HP infection.
In real-world surveillance systems, where variation of light and camera parameters can sometimes severely impair the normal operation of background subtraction algorithms, better results are obtained ...with differencing schemes. We have earlier demonstrated that differencing of detail images produced by wavelet transformation can lead to more stable detection results. In this paper, we considerably extend that framework, by introducing the modified z-scores calculated from wavelet coefficient differences. Foreground pixels are detected as outliers in normal distribution by modified z-score test. The threshold value used in the outlier test is optimized by maximizing the precision and recall measures on several training frames. Finally, the elimination of ghosts from motion detection is done by double modified z-score testing, that is similar in idea to double frame differencing. The resulting motion detection method shows considerable resilience to changes in illumination and camera parameters and also produces a lower amount of detection errors than other motion detection methods.
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the role of detection of late mesh infection following incisional hernia repair with radiolabeled antigranulocyte antibodies.
Mesh infection diagnoses ...were set up with clinical examination and laboratory analysis and confirmed by ultrasonography (US), computerized tomography (CT), scintigraphy with 99mTc-antigranulocyte antibodies and microbiological examination.
Of the 17 patients investigated, 6 had a late mesh infection, and 11 had both mesh infection and recurrent incisional hernia. Clear clinical signs of late mesh infection were present in 13 patients. Four remaining patients had non-specific discomfort and recurrent incisional hernia without clinical manifestation of mesh infection ('silent infection'). US was positive in 12/17 patients, CT in 13/17 patients, while scintigraphy with antigranulocyte antibodies in 17/17 patients. Therefore, sensitivity of US was 71%, of CT 76% and of scintigraphy 100%. In four patients late mesh infection was confirmed exclusively by 99mTc-antigranulocyte antibody scintigraphy, while US and CT did not indicate the infection.
According to the present results, scintigraphy with 99mTc antigranulocyte antibodies is a useful method for the detection of 'silent' abdominal wall infections after surgery, which is very important for prompt and appropriate therapy.
The aim of the study was detection of abdominal infections by 99mTc- antigranulocyte antibodies.
Total of 36 patients with clinical suspicion on abdominal or gastrointestinal infections was ...investigated.
There were 23 true positive (TP) findings (one pulmonary abscess, 2 subhepatic abscesses after surgery, 2 perianal fistula, 2 chronic and 4 acute appendicitis, 5 abdominal and 3 pelvic abscesses, 3 M. Crohn, one ulcerative colitis), 9 true negative (TN) (3 tumors of the coecum, 2 tumors of papilla Wateri, 2 gastric carcinoma, 2 colon carcinoma), and 4 false negative (FN) (2 abscesses subphrenic and 2 enterocolic fistula). False positive (FP) findings were not observed. The smallest lesion found was 19x18 mm. SPECT increased the number of TP findings from 17 to 23. Fifteen of 23 infectious of inflammatory lesions could be detected in the early scan. Sensitivity was 85%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 69% and accuracy 89%.
According to the present results, scintigraphy with 99mTc antigranulocyte antibodies is a useful method for detection and assessment of exact localization abdominal infections, which is very important for the prompt and appropriate therapy.
To estimate the characteristics of Color Doppler findings and the results of hepatic radionuclide angiography (HRA) in secondary Hodgkin's hepatic lymphoma.
The research included patients with a ...diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma with metastatic focal lesions in the liver and controls. Morphologic characteristics of focal liver lesions and hemodynamic parameters were examined by pulsed and Color Doppler in the portal, hepatic and splenic veins were examined. Hepatic perfusion index (HPI) estimated by HRA was calculated.
In the majority of patients, hepatomegaly was observed. Lesions were mostly hypoechoic and mixed, solitary or multiple. Some of the patients presented with dilated splenic veins and hepatofugal blood flow. A pulse wave was registered in the centre and at the margins of lymphoma. The average velocity of the pulse wave was higher at the margins (P > 0.05). A continuous venous wave was found only at the margins of lymphoma. There was no linear correlation between lymphoma size and velocity of pulse and continuous wave (r = 390, P < 0.01). HPI was significantly lower in patients with lymphomas than in controls (P < 0.05), pointing out increased arterial perfusion in comparison to portal perfusion.
Color Doppler ultrasonography is a sensitive method for the detection of neovascularization in Hodgkin's hepatic lymphoma and estimation of its intensity. Hepatic radionuclide angiography can additionally help in the assessment of vascularisation of liver lesions.
The aim of the study was the evaluation of the clinical validity of immunoscintigraphy with 99mTc labeled antibodies for the detection of metastases and recurrences of colorectal carcinomas.
We ...examined 17 patients with colorectal carcinomas. Scintigraphy was performed with anti-CEA MoAb 99mTc-BW 431/26.
Recurrences of carcinomas were detected and confirmed by surgery in 6 patients, recurrences with liver metastasis in 5 patients, and only liver metastases in 3 patients. Planar immunoscintigraphy was positive in 5/8 patients with liver metastases and 8/11 patients with recurrences, whereas in 1/8 liver metastases and 3/11 recurrences were detected only by tomography. In two patients with metastases in the abdominal lymph nodes immunoscintigraphic findings both on planar scintigraphy and tomoscintigraphy were false negative.
Immunoscintigraphy with 99mTc labeled antibodies can be useful in the diagnosis of recurrences and metastases of colorectal carcinoma, viability assessment after radiotherapy and in the choice of the adequate surgical treatment.
The aim of this study was the detection of helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and estimation of this infection relationship with age, gender, blood groups and Rhesus factor, as well as the assessment ...of the accuracy of the method. A total of 227 patients with gastritis were examined. Blood ABO groups and Rh positivity were determined using standard tests. Infection by HP was proved by (14)C-urea breath test and gastric biopsy. Patients were aged 20-81 years (X=51.7 years) and the presence of HP was not related to the age (P>0.05). From the total number of patients, 25/69 males and 68/158 females were HP positive. There was no significant difference between genders and HP infection (P>0.05). From the 227 investigated patients, 69 (30%) belonged to blood group O, 96 (42%) to A, 40 (18%) to B and 22 (10%) to AB. HP was detected in 27/69 patients with blood group O, 45/96 patients with blood group A, 16/40 patients with blood group B and 5/22 patients with blood group AB. There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the incidence of HP infection between these groups (proving that HP infection did not depend upon the blood groups). Also, there was no significant correlation between the presence of particular blood group in HP+ patients related to the reported frequency of the blood groups in Serbian population (0--38%, A--42%, B--15%, AB--5%). HP was found in 16/36 Rh- and in 77/191 Rh+ patients without statistical difference (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant correlation of the presence of the Rh factor in the HP positive patients to the frequency of the Rh factor in the Serbian population (84% Rh+ and 16% Rh-). The basic value of the HP+ test was slightly, but not significantly lower in comparison to the HP- patients (P>0.05). On the contrary, test values showed a highly significant difference (P<0.01) in HP+ and HP- patients. In conclusion, in adults HP infection does not depend upon the patient's age, gender, blood group type or Rh factor. In clinical terms, there were 93 true positive (TP), 129 true negative (TN), 5 false negative (FN) and 0 false positive (FP) patients. Sensitivity of the method was 94.9%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 96.3% and accuracy 97.8%.
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