Up to now, for gastric lesions potentiation or induction, as well as determination of endogenous dopamine significance, dopamine antagonist or dopamine vesicle depletor were given separately. ...Therefore, without combination studies, the evidence for dopamine significance remains split on either blockade of dopamine post-synaptic receptor or inhibition of dopamine storage, essentially contrasting with endogenous circumstances, where both functions could be simultaneously disturbed. For this purpose, a co-administration of reserpine and haloperidol, a dopamine granule depletor combined with a dopamine antagonist with pronounced ulcerogenic effect, was tested, and the rats were sacrificed 24 h after injurious agent(s) administration. Haloperidol (5 mg.kg
–1 b.w. i.p.), given alone, produced the lesions in all rats. Reserpine (5 mg.kg
–1 b.w. i.p.), given separately, also produced lesions. When these agents were given together, the lesions were apparently larger than in the groups injured with separate administration of either haloperidol or reserpine alone. Along with our previous results, when beneficial agents were co-administered, all dopaminomimetics (bromocriptine 10 mg, apomophine 1 mg, amphetamine 20 mg.kg
–1 i.p.) apparently attenuated the otherwise consistent haloperidol-gastric lesions. Likewise, an apparent inhibition of the reserpine-lesions was noted as well. However, if they were given in rats injured with combination of haloperidol and reserpine, their otherwise prominent beneficial effects were absent. Ranitidine (10 mg), omeprazole (10 mg), atropine (10 mg), pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) (10 μg or 10 ng.kg
–1 i.p.) evidently prevented both haloperidol-gastric lesions and reserpine-gastric lesions. Confronted with potentiated lesions following a combination of haloperidol and reserpine, these agents maintained their beneficial effects, noted in the rats treated with either haloperidol or reserpine alone. The failure of dopaminomimetics could be most likely due to more extensive inhibition of endogenous dopamine system activity, and need for remained endogenous dopamine for their salutary effect, whereas the beneficial activities of ranitidine, omeprazole, atropine, pentadecapeptide BPC 157 following dopamine system inhibition by haloperidol+reserpine suggest their corresponding systems parallel those of dopamine system, and they may function despite extensive inhibition of endogenous dopamine system activity.
Cilj je bio istražiti prediktivnu vrijednost zbira ALBI, PALBI i MELD za preživljenje bolesnika s kompenziranom cirozom reseciranih zbog hepatocelularnog karcinoma bez makrovaskularne invazije. ...Provedena je retrospektivna longitudinalna analiza preživljenja. Testirane su karakteristike bolesnika/tumora kao i jetreni funkcijski testovi MELD, ALBI i PALBI za predviđanje preživljenja. Bolesnici su praćeni nakon resekcije jetre do smrti, transplantacije jetre odnosno do kraja vremena praćenja. Bolesnici su kategorizirani po dobi, etiologiji ciroze, prisutnosti varikoziteta jednjaka, stadiju karcinoma, mikrovaskularnoj invaziji, histološkom stadiju i resekcijskim rubovima. Identifi cirali smo 38 bolesnika (alkoholna ciroza kod 84,2% bolenika) reseciranih kroz razdoblje od 8 godina. Medijan prijeoperacijskog zbira MELD bio je 8, zbira ALBI -2,63 i zbira PALBI -2,38. Tijekom praćenja 24 bolesnika su umrla. Očekivani medijan preživljenja iznosio je 36 mjeseci. Mikrovaskularna invazija pronađena je u 33 bolesnika. Veći ALBI je bio povezan s 23,1%, a PALBI s 12,1% većim relativnim rizikom od smrtnog ishoda. MELD nije bio povezan sa smrtnim ishodom. Zbir ALBI je pokazao značajnu prediktivnu vrijednost preživljenja u skupini bolesnika s kompenziranom cirozom reseciranih zbog hepatocelularnog karcinoma.
Adiabetogenic alloxan regimen produced lesions in all stomachs of treated animals, either rats (200 mg.kg
–1 s.c.) or mice (400 mg.kg
–1 i.p.). In control animals, the lesions, when developed (i.e. ...24 h following application), appear to be quite sustained, and consistently present also after 1 or 2 weeks. The application of the pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10 μg or 10 ng.kg
–1 i.p. coadministered together with alloxan) would significantly attenuate these lesions' appearance. This beneficial effect seems to be present in either rats or mice and in either of the tested intervals. Importantly, the beneficial effect seems to be shared by both microgram and nanogram regimens.
Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) results in a number of pathophysiological and morphological changes in the renal parenchyma, including interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, apoptotic changes ...of tubular and interstitial cells. Recent studies have indicated an association between renin-angiotensin system and apoptotic alterations in the kidney after unilateral obstructive nephropathy. In this study, the effect of ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists on tubular cell apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy after UUO in rats was investigated. The study was conducted on Wistar rats with unilaterally ligated ureter and sham operated animals (control group). The rats with UUO were treated with ACE inhibitor (cilazapril) or AT1 receptor antagonists (losartan) and control group was treated with H2O. Sham-operated animals were treated in the same way. Tubular and interstitial cell apoptosis was detected morphologically by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL). The area of intersitial fibrosis was determined using computer-assisted image processing after Gomory silver impregnation of paraffin sections. All experimental animal groups with unilateral ureter ligation showed a significantly increased number of apoptotic tubular and interstitial cells in the obstructed kidney compared with the contralateral, unobstructed kidney. Histomorphometric analysis of renal interstitial fibrotic changes in the groups of rats treated with losartan or water showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the operated and sham-operated animals. In conclusion, following UUO there is a significantly increased number of apoptotic tubular cells and interstitial fibrosis in the ipsilateral kidney compared with the contralateral kidney. ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists could not decrease the extent of renal cells apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis after UUO.
A novel gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 with different beneficial activities and anticonvulsant effect interacting with GABAergic system could improve diazepam efficacy coadministered (10 microg/kg, ...10 ng/kg i.p.) with diazepam (5.0 mg/kg i.p.) twice daily for 10 days, since diazepam chronic medication would otherwise predispose for diazepam- tolerance/withdrawal development (shorter latency to convulsion after convulsant). In diazepam chronically treated mice, it attenuated diazepam tolerance (provoked by later acute administration of diazepam together with convulsant) and postponed physical dependence/withdrawal effects (provoked by later administration of isoniazid). In tolerance assay, at 42 h after the end of conditioning regimen, shorter preconvulsive latencies than in healthy (non-diazepam conditioned) mice following isoniazid (800 mg/kg i.p.) (as hallmark of tolerance) were observed if diazepam (5.0 mg/kg i.p.) was again given acutely to mice previously conditioned with diazepam alone (use of picrotoxin 3.0 mg/kg i.p., as convulsant, with acute application of diazepam in previously diazepam conditioned mice did not lead to tolerance hallmark). This was completely avoided in diazepam+BPC 157 10 microg or diazepam+BPC 157 10 ng chronically treated animals. In physical dependence assay (isoniazid challenge assessed at 6, 14, 42 and 72 h after conditioning medication), when compared to diazepam non-conditioned healthy mice, in diazepam conditioned mice residual anticonvulsive activity was not present already at the earliest post-conditioning interval (i.e., not different latency to isoniazid-convulsions), whereas shorter preconvulsive latencies (as physical dependence/withdrawal hallmark) were noted in diazepam conditioned mice following isoniazid challenge at 42 h and at 72 h after end of conditioning treatment. In diazepam+BPC 157 10 microg- conditioned mice, a residual anticonvulsive activity (i.e., longer latency to isoniazid convulsion) was noted at 6 h post-conditioning, whereas shorter preconvulsive latencies appeared only at 72 h-post-conditioning period. In conclusion, taken together these data (lack of tolerance development (tolerance studies), prolonged residual anticonvulsive activity, and postponed physical dependence/withdrawal hallmark in diazepam+BPC 157 chronically treated mice) with common benzodiazepines tolerance/withdrawal knowledge, it could be speculated that BPC 157 acts favoring the natural homeostasis of the GABA receptor complex as well as enhancing the GABAergic transmission, and having a mechanism at least partly different from those involved in diazepam tolerance/withdrawal, it may be likely used in further therapy of diazepam tolerance and withdrawal.
Today lymphomas are defined according to a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features and clinical presentation, so beside the pure cytomorphologic analysis in diagnosis of lymphoma ...ancillary techniques such as cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, molecular diagnosis and flow cytometry (FC) are often used. Our goal was to determinate how is information given by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and FC correlated with pathohistologic diagnosis and to evaluate ability to diagnose and subclassify malignant lymphomas by FNAC and FC. This study is a retrospective chart review of patients with suspicion of lymphoma processed at University Hospital Dubrava in Zagreb. After analysis 50 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria for this study (FNAC diagnosis with or without FC and consecutive confirmatory pathohistological diagnosis). When analyzing accuracy of FNAC according to suspicion of lymphoma or NHL and differential diagnosis lymphoma sensitivity was 97.7%, specificity 85.7% and the diagnostic accuracy was 96%. When analyzing accuracy of FNAC according to the subclassification of lymphoma, sensitivity was 74.4%, specificity 85.7% and the diagnostic accuracy 76%. Combined FNAC and FC improved sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy. Sensitivity was 79.1% and the diagnostic accuracy 80%. We have shown that these methods can distinguish benign lymphadenopaties from lymphomas and also subclassify lymphomas and quickly provide clinicians with that information.
Inverted papilloma is an epithelial neoplasm of the lateral nasal wall and adjacent
sinuses characterized by a marked propensity for recurrence and a significant association
with carcinoma In this ...retrospective study we present 31 cases treated by our departments
between 1982 and 1999. The aim was to compare our results to those of other
authors especially regarding surgical management. The male to female ratio of these
patients was 2:1 and most patients were in the 6th and 7th decades of life. Conservative
surgery was used in most cases as the initial treatment. The overall recurrence rate was
low and there were 3 cases associated with carcinoma. We conclude that the results of
conservative surgery in selected cases are comparable to those using radical methods. A
review of the literature is presented and particular attention is dedicated to the literature
concerning analysis of p53 expression, HPV and Epstein-Barr infection and apoptosis
in inverted papilloma.
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