There are different models that explain growth during development. One model is based on insect and amphibian regeneration studies. This model proposes that growth is directed by pattern, and growth ...takes place by intercalation at a growth discontinuity; therefore, proliferation should surround the discontinuity. Currently, this model, apart from regenerative studies on mostly adult patterning, has not found supporting evidence in Drosophila that shows proliferation surrounding a discontinuity. Despite this lack of evidence, the importance of discontinuities has been shown in different experiments, even under wt conditions, more specifically in the formation of the leg joints because of the occurrence of cell death at their boundaries. Here, we show the existence of a sharp discontinuity in Decapentaplegic (Dpp) in the genital discs at the third larvae stage (L3), which determines the upregulation in the Jun-NH2-Terminal-Kinase (JNK) pathway, reaper (rpr), head involution defective (hid) and active caspases from its boundaries. The proliferation and cell death surrounding the discontinuity suggest that growth can proceed by intercalation and competitive death takes place in this area. Finally, we show that the Rpr, Grim and Hid (RGH) products are a few of the factors that define the growth discontinuity because they are negative regulators of growth, a new function that is unique from their known functions in apoptosis.
Palladium-rich Iron nanoparticles in the 4–8 nm range have been produced by a combination of two methods: the thermal decomposition of organometallic precursors and the reduction of metallic salts by ...a polyol. Herein, it is shown how the details of the synthesis have a striking impact on the magnetic and morphological properties of the final products. In the synthesis of these bimetallic nanoparticles, the use of high reaction temperatures plays an essential role in attaining good chemical homogeneity, which has proved to have a key influence on the magnetic properties. Magnetic characterization has been performed by electron magnetic resonance and magnetization measurements, which have confirmed the superparamagnetic-like behavior at room temperature. No clear traces of magnetic polarization in palladium atoms have been detected. The combination of long-term stability and homogeneous chemical and magnetic properties makes these particles very suitable for a wide range of applications in nanotechnology.
Recently, the extraction of clinical events from unstructured medical texts has attracted much attention of the research community. Machine learning approaches are popular for this task, due to their ...ability to solve the problem of sequence tagging effectively. It has been suggested previously that simple features, such as word unigrams, part-of-speech tags, chunk tags, among others, are sufficient for this task. We show that more careful preprocessing and feature selection can significantly improve the results. We used conditional random field classifier with more linguistically oriented features and outperformed the current state-of-the-art approaches. We also show that the popular and much simpler Viterbi algorithm (hidden Markov model-based classification algorithm) can produce competitive results, when its parameters are tuned using specific optimization techniques. We evaluate these algorithms for the task of extraction of medical events from the corpus developed for SemEval shared Task 12: Clinical TempEval (Temporal Evaluation) 2016, namely, for its two subtasks: (i) event detection and (ii) event classification based on contextual modality.
This article analyzes counter-hegemonic struggles in the face of the 21st century extractivism offensive in Latin America. First, it examines the emergence of a new generation of social movements ...against neoliberalism and subsequently against extractivism, shaped by the affected communities in alliance with a variety of subaltern groups that express the displacement of struggles towards the place for the reproduction and existence of life: the territory. In this context, the current Colombian scenario is presented, where one of the main banners of the new progressive government is the gradual de-escalation of the extractivist model within the framework of environmental justice, as an expression of an alternative hegemony. Finally, the paper highlights some of the main challenges of the struggle between capital and life in the face of the resurgence of extractivism in times of war, a socially and ecologically unsustainable model and one of the main obstacles in the construction of peace.
El artículo analiza las luchas contrahegemónicas ante la ofensiva del extractivismo del siglo XXI en América Latina. En primer lugar, se examina el surgimiento de una nueva generación de movimientos sociales contra el neoliberalismo y posteriormente contra el extractivismo, conformados por las comunidades afectadas en alianza con una variedad de grupos subalternos que expresan el desplazamiento de las luchas hacia los lugares de la vida y para la reproducción de la vida: el territorio. En este contexto se presenta el actual panorama colombiano, donde una de las principales banderas del nuevo gobierno progresista es el descalentamiento gradual del modelo extractivista en el marco de la justicia ambiental, como expresión de una hegemonía alternativa. Por último, se destacan algunos de los principales desafíos de las luchas entre el capital y la vida ante el relanzamiento del extractivismo en tiempos de guerra, un modelo social y ecológicamente insostenible y uno de los principales obstáculos en la construcción de la Paz.
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la investigación sobre supervisión en psicología clínica en los últimos 10 años. Lo anterior con el propósito de señalar rutas futuras sobre ...investigación y formación en supervisión. Se realizó una revisión de literatura en la que se consultaron bases académicas usando el buscador EBSCOhost. El periodo de indagación fue 2012-2021. La consulta empleó las palabras clave en inglés: "clinical supervision" (OR) "supervision", (AND) "therapy" (OR) "psychotherapy", (OR) "psychological intervention" (OR) "behavioral intervention". La búsqueda arrojó 123 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados se organizan en ocho categorías: modelos de supervisión, competencias/ habilidades clínicas, relación entre las personas supervisora y supervisada, técnicas, instrumentos, variación de supervisión según enfoques, utilidad y evaluación. Se observó mayor frecuencia de investigación en las categorías de técnicas de supervisión, competencias/habilidades clínicas y de supervisión, la evaluación de la supervisión y la relación supervisorsupervisado. Se evidenció la escasez de investigaciones empíricas sobre los diferentes modelos y prácticas pedagógicas en la supervisión, porque la mayoría de los estudios se centran exclusivamente sobre la experiencia personal de supervisión. Palabras clave supervisión; psicología clínica; psicoterapia; supervisión clínica; terapia; intervención clínica. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics and approaches about supervision of clinical psychologists in their education process through a literature review, using a qualitative documental methodology. The foregoing with the purpose of pointing out future routes on research and training in supervision Academic databases were searched using EBSCO-host searcher. Publications from 2012 to 2021 and focusing on supervision in clinical psychology were selected. The search used keywords in English language: "clinical supervision" OR "supervision", AND "therapy" OR "psychotherapy" OR "psychological intervention", "behavioral intervention". Results show eight core categories: supervision models, clinical skills/ competencies, relationship supervisor-supervisee, supervision techniques, instruments, approach variations, supervision utility and supervision evaluation. It was concluded that the key elements, because of its relevance were supervision techniques, supervision relationship and supervision evaluation. Finally, the need of empirical research about supervision models and pedagogic practices was concluded. Keywords supervision; clinical psychology; psychotherapy; therapy; clinical intervention.
Tyrosinemia Type 1 (HT1) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect in the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydroxylase in the tyrosine pathway. Implementation of nitisinone (NTBC) treatment has ...dramatically improved survival rate of individuals with HT1, yet recent reports on cognitive impairment in treated patients exist.
Describe long-term neurocognitive outcome individuals with HT1 treated with nitisinone and protein restricted diet.
Twelve individuals with HT1 were analyzed with respect to psychomotor development and cognitive functioning using standardized psychometric tests. Plasma tyrosine and phenylalanine concentrations were also collected and analyzed, as part of the regular HT1 follow up program in our clinic.
Delayed performance in Bayley scale mental developmental index (MDI) was identified in 29% to 38% of the patients assessed at different ages. At preschool age, mean full scale IQ (FSIQ) was 88±16; six out of nine assessed children preformed within normal range, and one child presented with intellectual disability. At school age mean FSIQ was 79±18, three out of nine children preformed within normal range and two showed intellectual disability. Repeated measures showed IQ decline over time in four out of eight patients, all of whom presented with symptoms in their first months of life. Patients that showed no progressive IQ decline were 8months or older at diagnosis, with a mean age of 17months. Significant correlation between Phe/Tyr ratio and FSIQ at school age was identified (r=−0.689; p<0.044).
Some patients with HT1 treated with nitisinone and protein restricted diet are at risk of presenting developmental delay and impaired cognitive functioning. Patients with early onset of symptoms could be at risk for progressive cognitive functioning decline over time.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a pathogenic fungus causing chytridiomycosis, a cutaneous affection resulting in reduction on Anura populations around the world, because of fungalysins, the most ...important virulence factor. The B. dendrobatidis maps (http://www.bd-maps.net/) is the dataset of information about the B. dendrobatidis -related isolates. An alternative available for reconstitution of B. dendrobatidis strains from cryopreserved cells include methods relying on the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) protocol. Most recently, much of the interest in the B. dendrobatidis research has focused on its DNA sequencing, especially B. dendrobatidis JAM81 and B. dendrobatidis JEL423 genomes. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate a modified form from OIE protocol for B. dendrobatidis strain criopreservation, and in silico analysis of B. dendrobatidis fungalysin. OIE protocol was modified using B. dendrobatidis EV001, focused on cryopreservant concentrations, antibiotics and recovering to -80°C, and microscopic viability evaluation on Tryptone Gelatin hydrolyzed agar, besides, Bioinformatics was used for the determination of biochemical characteristics from a B. dendrobatidis JAM81 fungalysin. Modified OIE protocol was useful by viability, recovering B. dendrobatidis EV001 strain. The characterization of B. dendrobatidis JAM81 fungalysin showed a molecular weight of 85 kDa, isoelectric point of 8.33, and tertiary structure among others. This indicated that the protein is a metalloproteinase, it has a PepSY domain for protease inhibition, and a catalytic domain that destroy protein barriers.
La educación es uno de los canales por los cuales un contexto violento puede afectar el bienestar social. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la incidencia del conflicto armado colombiano en el ...logro académico de los estudiantes por establecimiento educativo. En específico, estimamos el efecto de las acciones armadas en la proporción de estudiantes por nivel de desempeño en las pruebas Saber 3.º y Saber 9.º del 2016. Se evidencia que a medida que se intensificaron las acciones armadas, aumentó el porcentaje de estudiantes con desempeño académico insuficiente. El efecto fue relativamente más fuerte en la prueba de lenguaje y en los estudiantes de secundaria. Esta incidencia negativa de las acciones armadas en el logro académico, en especial en los adolescentes, pudo tener un efecto persistente en las oportunidades y en el capital humano de largo plazo.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism where high phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations cause irreversible intellectual disability that can be prevented by newborn ...screening and early treatment. Evidence suggests that PKU subjects not adherent to treatment could be at risk of insulin resistance (IR). We studied how Phe concentrations (PheCs) relate to IR using machine learning (ML) and derived potential biomarkers. In our cross-sectional study, we analyzed subjects with neonatal diagnoses of PKU, grouped as follows: 10 subjects who adhered to treatment (G1); 14 subjects who suspended treatment (G2); and 24 control subjects (G3). We analyzed plasma biochemical variables, as well as profiles of amino acids and acylcarnitines in dried blood spots (DBSs). Higher PheCs and plasma insulin levels were observed in the G2 group compared to the other groups. Additionally, a positive correlation between the PheCs and homeostatic measurement assessments (HOMA-IRs) was found, as well as a negative correlation between the HOMA-Sensitivity (%) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) scores. An ML model was then trained to predict abnormal HOMA-IRs using the panel of metabolites measured from DBSs. Notably, ranking the features' importance placed PheCs as the second most important feature after BMI for predicting abnormal HOMA-IRs. Our results indicate that low adherence to PKU treatment could affect insulin signaling, decrease glucose utilization, and lead to IR.
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