Genetic diversity and relatedness of accessions for coconut growing in Colombia was unknown until this study. Here we develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along the coconut genome based on ...Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) with the goal of analyze the genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) of a diverse coconut panel consisting of 112 coconut accessions from the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Colombia. A comprehensive catalog of approximately 40,000 SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of > 0.05 is presented. A total of 40,614 SNPs were found but only 19,414 anchored to chromosomes. Of these, 10,338 and 4606 were exclusive to the Atlantic and Pacific gene pools, respectively, and 3432 SNPs could differentiate both gene pools. A filtered subset of unlinked and anchored SNPs (1271) showed a population structure at K = 4, separating accessions from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts that can also be distinguished by palm height, as found in previous studies. The Pacific groups had a slow LD decay, low Fixation Index (Fst) and low nucleotide diversity (π), while the Atlantic group had slightly higher genetic diversity and faster LD decay. Genome-wide diversity analyses are of importance to promote germplasm conservation and breeding programs aimed at developing new cultivars better adapted to the region.
Previous research on voice in Parkinson's disease (PD) has consistently demonstrated alterations in acoustic parameters, including fundamental frequency (F0), maximum phonation time, Shimmer, and ...Jitter. However, investigations into acoustic parameter alterations in individuals with PD are limited.
We conducted an experimental study involving 20 PD patients (six women and fourteen men). Subjective measures of voice (VHI-30 scale and GRBAS) and objective measures using the OnlineLAB App tool for analyzing biomechanical correlates of voice were recorded. The app analyzed a total of 22 biomechanical parameters of voice.
The results of subjective measures were consistent with findings from previous studies. However, the results of objective measures did not align with studies that employed acoustic measures.
The biomechanical analysis revealed alterations in various parameters according to gender. These findings open up a new avenue of research in voice analysis for patients with PD, whether through acoustic or biomechanical analysis, aiming to determine whether the observed changes in these patients' voices are attributable to age or disease progression. This line of investigation will help elucidate the relative contribution of these factors to vocal alterations in PD patients and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
• Premise of the study: Cruciferous vegetables, many of which are in the genus Brassica (Brassicaceae), are prized for their nutritive value and have been cultivated for thousands of years. There are ...numerous wild northwestern Mediterranean species in the tribe Brassiceae, and it is therefore assumed this center of diversity is also the region of origin. Within the tribe, the Nigra and Oleracea clades contain the three diploid Brassica crops, B. oleracea, B. rapa, and B. nigra. These three species hybridized in the past to form the tetraploid crop species B. juncea, B. carinata, and B. napus. Collectively, these crop Brassicas have been thought to be closely related because they can still hybridize.• Methods: Using a combination of molecular phylogenetics, diversification analysis, and historical biogeography, we evaluated the relationships and origins of four nested clades: the tribe Brassiceae, the Nigra-Oleracea clade, the core Oleracea (includes B. oleracea + B. rapa and their respective wild relatives), and Brassica oleracea and relatives.• Key results: We found evidence that the tribe originated around the intersection forming between the Arabian Peninsula and Saharan Africa approximately 24 million years ago (Mya). Our data also suggest that the maternal genomes of the three diploid crop Brassicas are not closely related and that the Nigra-Oleracea clade diverged 20 Mya. Finally, our analyses indicate that the core Oleracea lineage giving rise to B. oleracea + B. rapa originated ≈3 Mya in the northeastern Mediterranean, from where ancestors of B. oleracea spread through Europe and B. rapa to Asia.• Conclusions: These results challenge previous hypotheses about the biogeographic origins of the tribe Brassiceae and the crop Brassica species and appear to be correlated with major geological and climatic events in the Mediterranean basin.
Morphotypes of
are the result of a dynamic interaction between genes that regulate the transition between vegetative and reproductive stages and those that regulate leaf morphology and plant ...architecture. In kales, ornate leaves, extended vegetative phase, and nutritional quality are some of the characters potentially selected by humans during domestication. We used a combination of developmental studies and transcriptomics to understand the vegetative domestication syndrome of kale. To identify candidate genes that are responsible for the evolution of domestic kale, we searched for transcriptome-wide differences among three vegetative
morphotypes. RNA-seq experiments were used to understand the global pattern of expressed genes during a mixture of stages at one time in kale, cabbage, and the rapid cycling kale line TO1000. We identified gene expression patterns that differ among morphotypes and estimate the contribution of morphotype-specific gene expression that sets kale apart (3958 differentially expressed genes). Differentially expressed genes that regulate the vegetative to reproductive transition were abundant in all morphotypes. Genes involved in leaf morphology, plant architecture, defense, and nutrition were differentially expressed in kale. This allowed us to identify a set of candidate genes we suggest may be important in the kale domestication syndrome. Understanding candidate genes responsible for kale domestication is of importance to ultimately improve Cole crop production.
El temblor esencial (TE) es una enfermedad neurológica que se manifiesta con trastornos del movimiento, experimentando la persona que lo sufre temblores que no puede controlar. Además de producirse ...temblores en manos, también manifiestan temblores en las mandíbulas y laringe, quedando principalmente la voz de estos pacientes afectada. Por otro lado, se ha demostrado que los ejercicios de tracto vocal semiocluído (ETVSO) provocan cambios beneficiosos en el patrón vibratorio de los pliegues vocal. Es por ello que se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 61 años diagnosticada de TE con la finalidad de comprobar la efectividad de los ETVSO en pacientes con dicha enfermedad. Los resultados post intervención logopédica mostraron un descenso en los Hz de los formantes de la voz, una mejora de fonación continua y mejora de la prosodia. Por lo que se concluye que el uso de los ETVSO podría ser beneficioso en pacientes con temblor esencial.
Las Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (ETS) son un conjunto de afecciones clínicas altamente infectocontagiosas siendo la cavidad bucal el lugar donde aparecen las primeras manifestaciones clínicas. ...Además, en el 90% de los casos, la laringe se encuentra involucrada, lo que provoca también cambios en la voz. Es por ello que el presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática con el fin de arrojar luz acerca de las alteraciones de la voz que manifiestan los pacientes con ETS respondiendo a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Qué métodos son los más utilizados para evaluar la voz de los pacientes en las diferentes ETS? ¿Cuál es la ETS que con mayor frecuencia afecta a la voz? ¿Qué tipo de tratamiento médico reciben los pacientes con ETS? ¿Qué tipo de intervención logopédica reciben los pacientes con ETS? Se seleccionaron 9 artículos de las bases de datos Pubmed, WoS y Scopus. En general, los resultados muestran que el Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) es la ETS que con mayor frecuencia provoca alteraciones en la voz. A pesar de que la mayoría de los estudios utiliza únicamente exploraciones instrumentales, entre los métodos más empleados para evaluar la voz destacan los análisis acústicos y las escalas de voz (VHI-30 y GRBAS). Resulta llamativo que todos los pacientes reciban tratamiento médico, mientras la terapia logopédica presenta un bajo porcentaje en comparación.
Many fungal pathogens are carried and transmitted by seeds. These pathogens affect germination and seed quality. Their transmission from the germinating seed to seedling causes many diseases in ...crops. Seed defense mechanisms during germination are poorly documented. RNA-seq experiments were used to describe the molecular mechanisms involved in seed interaction with a necrotrophic fungus. Here the Arabidopsis thaliana/Alternaria brassicicola pathosystem was used to perform dual-transcriptomic approach. Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and necrotrophic fungus transcripts were identified at critical germination and seedling establishment stages. Total RNA was extracted from healthy and infected germinating seeds and seedlings at 3, 6 and 10 days after sowing. Transcript libraries were made and sequenced, then fungal and plant short reads were mapped and quantified respectively against Arabidopsis thaliana and Alternaria brassicicola reference transcriptomes. This dual-transcriptomic approach revealed that 3409, 7506 and 8589 Arabidopsis thaliana genes showed a differential expression at respectevely 3, 6 and 10 days after sowing between healthy and infected seeds, including 1192 genes differentially expressed at the three studied stages. Moreover, in this experiement, we also identified the dynamic of the transcript changes occurring at the same stages in the necrotrophic fungus concomitantly during germination and seedling establishment.
Mycosphaerellaceae is a highly diverse fungal family containing a variety of pathogens affecting many economically important crops. Mitochondria play a crucial role in fungal metabolism and in the ...study of fungal evolution. This study aims to: (i) describe the mitochondrial genome of
, and (ii) compare it with closely related species (
,
,
and
) available online, paying particular attention to the Sigatoka disease's complex causal agents. The mitochondrial genome of
is a circular molecule of 74,089 bp containing typical genes coding for the 14 proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, 2 rRNA genes and a set of 38 tRNAs.
mitogenome has two truncated
copies, and bicistronic transcription of
and
confirmed experimentally. Comparative analysis revealed high variability in size and gene order among selected Mycosphaerellaceae mitogenomes likely to be due to rearrangements caused by mobile intron invasion. Using fossil calibrated Bayesian phylogenies, we found later diversification times for Mycosphaerellaceae (66.6 MYA) and the Sigatoka disease complex causal agents, compared to previous strict molecular clock studies. An early divergent
split from the sister species
+
13.31 MYA while their sister group, the sister species
and
split from their shared common ancestor in the late Miocene 8.22 MYA. This newly dated phylogeny suggests that species belonging to the Sigatoka disease complex originated after wild relatives of domesticated bananas (section Eumusae; 27.9 MYA). During this time frame, mitochondrial genomes expanded significantly, possibly due to invasions of introns into different electron transport chain genes.
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