To present the results of work of National Medical Research Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation, reassigned for COVID-19 patients treatment during pandemic. Run-up methodology, procedures and ...working process organization are detailed.
354 COVID-19 patients were treated from 13.04.2020 to 10.06.2020 age 59 (470) years, 56% women, body mass index 28.5 (24.932.2) kg/m2. Patients were admitted at 8 (611) day of sickness. In-hospital stay was 16 (1420) days.
NEWS scale at the day of admittance was 2 (14); 2 (13) in patients discharged alive and 6 (47) in died patients, p=0.0001. So prognostic accuracy of NEWS scale was confirmed as very well (area under ROC-curve = 0.819). 69 patients (19.5%) were treated at intensive care department for 7 (413) days. 13 patients died, 11 of them had COVID-19 as direct or indirect cause of death. Total in-hospital mortality was 3.67%, in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients 3.1%. 17 healthcare workers (HCW), contacted with COVID-19 patients were infected (2.67%). 4 HCW, who had no direct contact with patients were also infected and 7 HCW were infected before the first patient was admitted. No one of them died.
Complex tasks of healthcare organization during COVID-19 pandemic can be solved quickly with acceptable quality, characterized by low levels of patients; mortality and HCW infection.
THE MIXED-PHASE ARCTIC CLOUD EXPERIMENT Verlinde, J.; Harrington, J. Y.; McFarquhar, G. M. ...
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
02/2007, Letnik:
88, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) was conducted from 27 September through 22 October 2004 over the Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research ...Facility (ACRF) on the North Slope of Alaska. The primary objectives were to collect a dataset suitable to study interactions between microphysics, dynamics, and radiative transfer in mixed-phase Arctic clouds, and to develop/evaluate cloud property retrievals from surface- and satellite-based remote sensing instruments. Observations taken during the 1977/98 Surface Heat and Energy Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) experiment revealed that Arctic clouds frequently consist of one (or more) liquid layers precipitating ice. M-PACE sought to investigate the physical processes of these clouds by utilizing two aircraft (an in situ aircraft to characterize the microphysical properties of the clouds and a remote sensing aircraft to constraint the upwelling radiation) over the ACRF site on the North Slope of Alaska. The measurements successfully documented the microphysical structure of Arctic mixed-phase clouds, with multiple in situ profiles collected in both single- and multilayer clouds over two ground-based remote sensing sites. Liquid was found in clouds with cloud-top temperatures as cold as −30°C, with the coldest cloud-top temperature warmer than −40°C sampled by the aircraft. Remote sensing instruments suggest that ice was present in low concentrations, mostly concentrated in precipitation shafts, although there are indications of light ice precipitation present below the optically thick single-layer clouds. The prevalence of liquid down to these low temperatures potentially could be explained by the relatively low measured ice nuclei concentrations.
Large‐eddy simulations of an observed single‐layer Arctic mixed‐phase cloud are analyzed to study the value of forward modeling of profiling millimeter wave cloud radar Doppler spectral width for ...model evaluation. Individual broadening terms and their uncertainties are quantified for the observed spectral width and compared to modeled broadening terms. Modeled turbulent broadening is narrower than the observed values when the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate from the subgrid scale model is used in the forward model. The total dissipation rates, estimated with the subgrid scale dissipation rates and the numerical dissipation rates, agree much better with both the retrieved dissipation rates and those inferred from the power spectra of the simulated vertical air velocity. The comparison of the microphysical broadening provides another evaluative measure of the ice properties in the simulation. To accurately retrieve dissipation rates as well as each broadening term from the observations, we suggest a few modifications to previously presented techniques. First, we show that the inertial subrange spectrum filtered with the radar sampling volume is a better underlying model than the unfiltered −5/3 law for the retrieval of the dissipation rate from the power spectra of the mean Doppler velocity. Second, we demonstrate that it is important to filter out turbulence and remove the layer‐mean reflectivity‐weighted mean fall speed from the observed mean Doppler velocity to avoid overestimation of shear broadening. Finally, we provide a method to quantify the uncertainty in the retrieved dissipation rates, which eventually propagates to the uncertainty in the microphysical broadening.
Key Points
Model subgrid scale dissipation rates should be used with caution in characterizing turbulence in forward modeling of radar Doppler spectra
Microphysical broadening retrieved from observations of Arctic mixed‐phase clouds provides additional measures for model evaluation
Quantification of turbulent and shear broadening and their uncertainties are critical for accurate retrieval of the microphysical broadening
The dynamics of metal content in higher aquatic plants (macrophytes) in a small Bugach water reservoir in 1998–2006 was studied. A comparative estimation of the metal content in six macrophyte ...species (Typha latifolia L., Typha angustifolia L., Polygonium amphibium L., Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Potamogeton pectinatus L., Phragmites australis (Cav) Trin. Ex Steud.) showed that their metal concentrations do not generally exceed those known from the literature. Cluster analysis showed that the macrophyte species under study form two ecological groups with respect to the metal content, i.e., submerged plants (hydrophytes) and emergent aquatic plants (heliophytes).
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•Chemical-free Ag nanocoloids were fabricated by multistep laser procedures in water.•Post-ablation consecutive irradiation by 355 nm and 266 nm wavelengths was applied.•Synergistic ...effect between two mechanisms of light absorption by AgNPs is induced.•Ultrafine AgNPs with 5.4 nm mean size and 1.6 nm standard deviation were produced.•AgNPs colloid - noninvasive blood-retinal barrier transporter in eye drug delivery.
This paper reports on the production of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a water solution based on a two-phase pulsed laser procedure in view of therapeutic ophthalmological applications requiring AgNPs size of ≤10 nm with a narrow size distribution. Nanoparticles of this size scale are capable of penetrating the complex ocular barriers, thus ensuring effective non-invasive drug delivery to the retina. Moreover, the ocular irritation, which is currently associated to the conventional ocular drug administration routes, would be avoided.
In the first phase, AgNPs larger than 20 nm were fabricated via laser ablation of a Ag target in water by irradiation with the fundamental wavelength (λ = 1064 nm) generated by a Nd:YAG laser. During the second phase, to reduce the mean size of the as-obtained nanoparticles and properly adjust the size distribution, the water colloids were additionally irradiated with the ultraviolet harmonics (355 nm and 266 nm) of the same laser source. The effect of the key laser parameters - wavelength, fluence and laser exposure time - upon the nanoparticles morphology was studied. The most suitable post-ablation treatment of initial colloids was obtained by a consecutive irradiation with the third (λ = 355 nm) and the fourth (λ = 266 nm) harmonics of the fundamental laser wavelength. By using this approach, a synergistic effect between two mechanisms of light absorption by AgNPs was induced. As a result, contaminant-free colloids of AgNPs with sizes of less than 10 nm and quite a narrow size distribution with a standard deviation of 1.6 nm were fabricated.
The toxic effect of the as-produced AgNPs on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans was explored. The most efficient action was reached against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.
A potential application was proposed of the synthesized AgNPs colloidal aqueous solutions with antimicrobial action as a non-invasive method for ocular infections prevention and treatment.
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