Background Certain occupational groups have formerly been identified as having higher risks of suffering from chronic Inflammatory bowel diseases. These were evaluated in an independent data set. ...Methods A cohort, comprising all 2 273 872 male and female Danes aged 20–59 years on 1 January 1981, and a cohort of 2 387 620 men and women 1 January 1986 were followed up for hospitallzations due to chronic inflammatory bowel disease until 31 December 1990. Results From 1981 to 1990 6296 first time admissions occurred. The incidence increased from 1981–1985 to 1986–1990. Of 363 male and 213 female occupational groups eight and five groups respectively had statistically significant raised standardized hospitalization ratios. Among 15 groups previously found to have significant odds ratios only female office staff and health occupations were found to have statistically significant raised standardized hospitalization ratios. Ratios for occupational groups with non-daytime work were not statistically significant. Compared to occupations without sedentary work occupations with predominantly sedentary work had a standardized hospitalization ratio of 125 (95% confidence interval 95% CI: 116.9–133.1). Self-employed had low hospitalization rates, while ‘other salaried staff’ and ‘not economically active’ had high rates. Conclusions We found no consistent pattern of occupations at increased risk except that sedentary work may increase the risk of attracting chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Work Environment of Danish Shift and Day Workers Bøggild, Henrik; Burr, Hermann; Tüchsen, Finn ...
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health,
04/2001, Letnik:
27, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Objectives Both shift work and other work environment factors have been shown to be related to heart disease. This study examined whether shift work is associated with other work environment factors ...related to heart disease in a random sample of the population. If so, shift work could be acting as a proxy for work environment differences. Methods Dat on 5940 employees in the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study from 1990 were reanalyzed. The information included work schedules permanent day work, irregular workhours (including morning work), 2-shift or fixed evening and 3-shift or fixed night, length of workweek, physical factors (noise, heat, dust, passive smoking, walking, standing and monotonous repetitive tasks), and psychosocial factors (including demands and control dimensions, social support, conflicts and job insecurity). Results At least 1 group of shift workers had a higher prevalence of nearly every unfavorable work environment factor investigated. Exceptions were dust exposure and quantitative demands. Especially conflicts at work and low decision latitude were higher among all the groups of shift workers, and all-day walking or standing work and part-time jobs were more often found among female shift workers. The 3 different shiftwork groups were exposed to different parts of the work environment, and also men and women in shift work differed in relation to the work environment. Age and social class influenced the relationship, but not in any particular pattern. Conclusions In a heterogenous population shift work was found to be associated with other work environment factors suspected to cause heart disease.
Two-particle interferometry of positive kaons is studied in Pb+Pb collisions at mean transverse momenta <p(T)> approximately 0.25 and 0.91 GeV/c. A three-dimensional analysis was applied to the lower ...p(T) data, while a two-dimensional analysis was used for the higher p(T) data. We find that the source-size parameters are consistent with the m(T) scaling curve observed in pion-correlation measurements in the same collisions, and that the duration time of kaon emission is consistent with zero within the experimental sensitivity.
Objectives The effect of introducing regularity, few consecutive night shifts, more weekends off, and only 2 different types of shifts (day-evening or day-night) into shift scheduling on biomarkers ...of heart disease was studied. Methods Ergonomic shift criteria were introduced in a quasi-experimental controlled intervention in 4 hospital wards. Six wards participated as controls. Altogether 101 nurses and nurses' aides were followed for 6 months with measurements of cholesterol and triglycerides. The intervention led to more regular schedules and more staff having 2 shifts in 2 of the intervention wards 1 year after the intervention. The schedules among the controls became less regular and less predictable. The number of consecutive night shifts remained unchanged. Results After 6 months the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level had increased in the intervention group, and the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and the total:HDL cholesterol ratio had decreased. Regardless of the intervention, changes in regularity were associated with the triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels and also with the total:HDL cholesterol ratio. More ergonomic changes were associated with lower LDL cholesterol levels, a lower total:HDL cholesterol ratio, and higher HDL cholesterol levels. Conclusions Increased ergonomic scheduling was possible. Lipids and lipoproteins changed as predicted, both when the changes were assessed in respect to the changes in schedules that resulted from the intervention and the changes that occurred regardless of the intervention. The study suggests that scheduling based on ergonomic criteria is a possible means for reducing the risk of heart disease among shift workers.
Proton and deuteron production has been observed in S+S and S+Pb collisions at 200 A\(\cdot\)GeV and in Pb+Pb reactions at 158 A\(\cdot\)GeV at the CERN SPS accelerator. For Pb+Pb triton production ...was also measured. The p and d spectra as well as the p and t spectra were observed in similar rapidity ranges and over similar ranges of transverse momenta per nucleon, making it possible to interpret the cross sections of the composite particles in terms of coalescence mechanisms. Volumes of homogeneity were extracted and compared to pion-pair HBT interferometry results. Special attention is given to the dependence on transverse mass, centrality and rapidity.
π
+
π
+
π
+ correlations from sulphur-lead collisions at 200 GeV/c per nucleon are presented as measured by the focusing spectrometer of experiment NA44 at CERN. We have investigated the three-pion ...correlation function at mid-rapidity and found that a genuine three-body correlation is suppressed. A possible interpretation of this result is that the emission of particles is partially coherent.
Aims: The Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) was used to examine whether shift work is associated with reduced fecundity as estimated by time to pregnancy (TTP). Methods: From 1 March 1998 to 1 May ...2000, 39 913 pregnant women were enrolled in the DNBC. Data on job characteristics and TTP (0–2, 3–5, 6–12, and >12 months) were used for 17 531 daytime workers and 3907 shift workers who had planned the pregnancy. Fecundity odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals using the discrete time survival analysis techniques performed by logistic regression. An OR above 1 expresses a shorter TTP and then a higher fecundity. Potential confounders, such as age at conception, gravidity, prepregnant body mass index, smoking, and alcohol consumption, as well as occupational characteristics, were also included in the model. Results: Fixed evening workers and fixed night workers had a longer TTP. Compared with daytime workers, the adjusted ORs were 0.80 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.92) for fixed evening workers, 0.80 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.00) for fixed night workers, 0.99 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.07) for rotating shift (without night) workers, and 1.05 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.14) for rotating shift (with night) workers. When analysis was restricted to nulliparous women, the estimates remained unchanged. The proportions of unplanned pregnancies and contraceptive failures were higher among fixed evening and fixed night workers. Conclusions: There was no unequivocal evidence of a causal association between shift work and subfecundity. The slightly reduced fecundity among fixed evening workers and fixed night workers may be mediated by pregnancy planning bias or differential options for sexual contacts.
Heavy ion collisions at RHIC energies (Au + Au collisions at
√S
NN = 200GeV
) exhibit significant new features as compared to earlier experiments at lower energies. The reaction is characterized by a ...high degree of transparency of the collision partners leading to the formation of a baryon-poor central region. In this zone, particle production occurs mainly from the stretching of the color field. The initial energy density is well above the one considered necessary for the formation of the Quark Gluon Plasma, QGP. The production of charged particles of various masses is consistent with chemical and thermal equilibrium. Recently, a suppression of the high transverse momentum component of hadron spectra has been observed in central Au + Au collisions. This can be explained by the energy loss experienced by leading partons in a medium with a high density of unscreened color charges. In contrast, such high
p
t
jets are not suppressed in d + Au collisions suggesting that the high
p
t
suppression is not due to initial state effects in the ultrarelativistic colliding nuclei.
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