In this work, a novel encapsulation method was studied by spray-drying a warm aqueous ethanol solution with codissolved sodium caseinate (NaCas) and lipophilic food components, using curcumin as a ...model compound. The encapsulation caused the loss of crystallinity of curcumin. After hydration of spray-dried powder and centrifugation, 137 μg/mL curcumin was dispersed in the transparent dispersion, which was 4 decades higher than its water solubility. Dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy results showed that curcumin-loaded casein nanoparticles were bigger than those of NaCas processed at encapsulation conditions but were smaller than those of the native NaCas. The increased nanoparticle dimension, together with fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy results, suggested that curcumin was entrapped in the nanoparticle core through hydrophobic interactions. The curcumin encapsulated in casein nanoparticles had higher biological activity, as assessed by antioxidant and cell proliferation assays, than pristine curcumin, likely due to the improved dispersibility. This simple approach may be applied to encapsulate various lipophilic bioactive compounds.
•Curcumin (Cur) was encapsulated in soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) with 90% efficiency.•Self-assembly was achieved by adjusting pH of Cur-SSPS mixture to 12.0 and back to 7.0.•The encapsulated ...Cur was stable at pH 2.0–7.0 and after heating at 95 °C for 1 min.•The cytotoxicity of Cur encapsulated in SSPS or dissolved in DMSO was similar.•The cytotoxicity of the encapsulated Cur was maintained after simulated digestions.
Nanoencapsulation of lipophilic bioactive compounds in food biopolymers is important to functional beverages, but protein-based nanocapsules are unstable around the isoelectric point of protein. The objectives of this work were to study physicochemical properties of self-assembled curcumin-soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) nanoparticles and evaluate the activities against proliferation of human colon HCT116 and mammary adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cancer cells before and after simulated digestions. Capsules with a hydrodynamic diameter of 200–300 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of ∼90% were self-assembled after increasing curcumin-SSPS mixture to pH 12.0 and lowering pH to 7.0. The capsule dispersions were stable at pH 2.0–7.0 and after heating at 95 °C for 1 min. No significant difference was observed for the viability of HCT 116 and MCF-7 cells challenged with 0.4, 4.0, and 40 μg/ml nanoencapsulated curcumin before and after simulated gastric and intestinal digestions. These findings may be significant to help develop functional beverages for disease prevention.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) activated gene-1, NAG-1, is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily that plays a complex but poorly understood role ...in several human diseases including cancer. NAG-1 expression is substantially increased during cancer development and progression especially in gastrointestinal, prostate, pancreatic, colorectal, breast, melanoma, and glioblastoma brain tumors. Aberrant increases in the serum levels of secreted NAG-1 correlate with poor prognosis and patient survival rates in some cancers. In contrast, the expression of NAG-1 is up-regulated by several tumor suppressor pathways including p53, GSK-3β, and EGR-1. NAG-1 expression is also induced by many drugs and dietary compounds which are documented to prevent the development and progression of cancer in mouse models. Studies with transgenic mice expressing human NAG-1 demonstrated that the expression of NAG-1 inhibits the development of intestinal tumors and prostate tumors in animal models. Laboratory and clinical evidence suggest that NAG-1, like other TGF-β family members, may have different or pleiotropic functions in the early and late stages of carcinogenesis. Upon understanding the molecular mechanism and function of NAG-1 during carcinogenesis, NAG-1 may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and a therapeutic target for the inhibition and treatment of cancer development and progression.
Resveratrol (3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene), a naturally occurring phytoalexin readily available in the diet, is reported to possess both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in several ...cancers. However, despite the identification of numerous molecular targets, the underlying mechanisms involved in the anticancer activities of resveratrol are not completely understood. Resveratrol is postulated to function as a potential signaling pathway modulator and, as such, is demonstrated to affect a multitude of signal transduction pathways associated with tumorigenesis and/or carcinogenesis; it is likely that this collective activity, rather than just a single effect, may play an important role in the anticancer properties of resveratrol. Since transcription factors control the expression of many genes, the elucidation of molecular targets of resveratrol involved in transcriptional regulation is necessary to better understand how this dietary phytochemical affects chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic processes. As a result, investigators have increasingly searched for and examined possible targets of resveratrol. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on molecular targets, specifically transcription factors, that contribute to the observed anticancer effects of resveratrol related to 1) inhibition of carcinogenic activation and induction of carcinogen detoxification, 2) induction of growth arrest and apoptosis, and 3) suppression of proinflammatory signaling pathways related to cancer progression.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) plays a role in various diseases. Here, the anti-diabetic effects of NAG-1 were evaluated using a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced ...diabetic mouse model. NAG-1-overexpressing transgenic (NAG-1 Tg) mice exhibited lower body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and serum insulin levels than wild-type (WT) mice. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance scores of NAG-1 Tg mice were lower than those of WT mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a smaller lipid droplet size in the adipose tissues, lower lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes, and larger beta cell area in the pancreas of NAG-1 Tg mice than in those of WT mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed downregulated expression of cleaved caspase-3, an apoptosis marker, in the beta cells of NAG-1 Tg mice. Adiponectin and leptin mRNA levels were upregulated and downregulated in NAG-1 Tg mice, respectively. Additionally, the expression of IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway components, especially Foxo1, which regulates gluconeogenesis in the muscle and white adipose tissue, was downregulated in NAG-1 Tg mice. Furthermore, NAG-1 overexpression promoted the expression of As160 in both muscles and adipocytes, and the mRNA levels of the NLRP3 pathway members were downregulated in NAG-1 Tg mice. Our findings suggest that NAG-1 expression alleviates diabetes in mice.
Background
Cold atmospheric microwave plasma (CAMP) is a promising therapeutic option for treating skin infections and wounds. Changes in biophysical skin parameters and the tolerability in dogs ...after applying CAMP is unknown.
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo effects of CAMP on skin biophysical parameters hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and surface temperature and tolerability in dogs.
Animals
Twenty client‐owned dogs with normal skin.
Materials and methods
Cold atmospheric microwave plasma treatment was performed for 30 s and 1, 2 and 4 min, respectively, at different sites of normal canine skin in the inguinal area. Hydration, TEWL and surface temperature were measured five, three and three times, respectively, before and after CAMP application. After treatment, pain and adverse effects were evaluated using a modified Melbourne Pain Scale and the modified short form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (modified CMPS‐SF).
Results
Transepidermal water loss values significantly decreased with 4 min of treatment, and hydration decreased significantly with 2 min of treatment. Temperature increased significantly with increasing treatment time. For other parameters, no significant changes were observed. No significant pain response or adverse effects were observed in most dogs, aside from mild erythema in the treatment area after 4 min.
Conclusion and clinical significance
Cold atmospheric microwave plasma treatment was well‐tolerated and did not significantly change canine skin biophysical parameters. CAMP achieves basic recommendations for safe use and is a potential therapeutic option for various skin diseases in dogs.
Résumé
Contexte ‐ Le CAMP (Cold Atmospheric Microwave Plasma) est une option thérapeutique prometteuse pour le traitement des infections cutanées et des plaies. Les modifications des paramètres biophysiques de la peau et la tolérance chez les chiens après l'application de CAMP sont inconnues.
Objectif ‐ Cette étude visait à évaluer les effets in vivo du CAMP sur les paramètres biophysiques de la peau hydratation, perte d'eau transépidermique (TEWL) et température de surface et la tolérance chez le chien.
Animaux ‐ Vingt chiens de propriétaires à peau normale.
Matériels et méthodes ‐ Le traitement CAMP a été effectué pendant 30 s et 1, 2 et 4 min, respectivement, sur différents sites de peau canine normale dans la région inguinale. L'hydratation, la TEWL et la température de surface ont été mesurées cinq, trois et trois fois, respectivement, avant et après l'application de CAMP. Après le traitement, la douleur et les effets indésirables ont été évalués à l'aide d'une échelle de douleur de Melbourne modifiée et de la forme courte modifiée de l'échelle de mesure de la douleur composite de Glasgow (CMPS‐SF modifiée).
Résultats ‐ Les valeurs de TEWL ont diminué de manière significative après 4 minutes de traitement et l'hydratation a diminué de manière significative après 2 minutes de traitement. La température a augmenté de manière significative avec l'augmentation du temps de traitement. Pour les autres paramètres, aucun changement significatif n'a été observé. Aucune réponse significative à la douleur ni aucun effet indésirable n'ont été observés chez la plupart des chiens, à l'exception d'un léger érythème dans la zone de traitement après 4 minutes.
Conclusion et signification clinique ‐ Le traitement CAMP a été bien toléré et n'a pas modifié de manière significative les paramètres biophysiques de la peau canine. CAMP répond aux recommandations de base pour une utilisation sûre et constitue une option thérapeutique potentielle pour diverses maladies de la peau chez les chiens.
Resumen
Introducción‐ el plasma de microondas atmosférico frío (CAMP) es una opción terapéutica prometedora para el tratamiento de infecciones y heridas de la piel. Se desconocen los cambios en los parámetros biofísicos de la piel y la tolerabilidad en perros después de aplicar CAMP.
Objetivo‐ este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos in vivo de CAMP en los parámetros biofísicos de la piel hidratación, pérdida de agua transepidérmica (TEWL) y temperatura superficial y la tolerabilidad en perros.
Animales ‐ Veinte perros de propietarios particulares con piel normal.
Materiales y métodos – El tratamiento CAMP se realizó durante 30 s y 1, 2 y 4 min, respectivamente, en diferentes sitios de piel canina normal en el área inguinal. La hidratación, el TEWL y la temperatura superficial se midieron cinco, tres y tres veces, respectivamente, antes y después de la aplicación de CAMP. Después del tratamiento, el dolor y los efectos adversos se evaluaron mediante una escala de dolor de Melbourne modificada y la escala de dolor de medida compuesta de Glasgow de forma abreviada modificada (CMPS‐SF modificada).
Resultados‐ los valores de TEWL disminuyeron significativamente con 4 min de tratamiento y la hidratación disminuyó significativamente con 2 min de tratamiento. La temperatura aumentó significativamente con el aumento del tiempo de tratamiento. Para otros parámetros no se observaron cambios significativos. En la mayoría de los perros no se observaron reacciones significativas de dolor ni efectos adversos, aparte de un leve eritema en el área de tratamiento después de 4 min.
Conclusión y significado clínico‐ el tratamiento con CAMP fue bien tolerado y no cambió significativamente los parámetros biofísicos de la piel canina. CAMP obtuvo recomendaciones básicas para un uso seguro y es una opción terapéutica potencial para diversas enfermedades de la piel en perros.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund – Kaltes atmosphärisches Mikrowellen Plasma (CAMP) ist eine vielversprechende therapeutische Option zur Behandlung von Hautinfektionen und Wunden. Veränderungen der biophysischen Hautparameter und der Toleranz bei Hunden nach Anwendung von CAMP ist bisher nicht bekannt.
Ziel – Diese Studie zielte darauf ab, die in vivo Wirksamkeit von CAMP auf biophysische Parameter der Haut Hydration, Transepidermaler Wasserverlust (TEWL) und die Oberflächentemperatur und die Verträglichkeit bei Hunden zu evaluieren.
Tiere – Es wurden zwanzig Hunde in Privatbesitz, alle mit normaler Haut, inkludiert.
Materialien und Methoden – Eine CAMP Behandlung wurde für 30 s und 1, 2 bzw 4 Minuten an verschiedenen Stellen normaler Hundehaut in der Inguinalgegend durchgeführt. Hydration, TEWL und die Oberflächentemperatur wurde fünf, drei bzw dreimal vor und nach der CAMP Anwendung gemessen. Nach der Behandlung wurden Schmerz und Nebenwirkungen mittels modifizierter Melbourne Pain Scale sowie der modifizierten Kurzform der Glasgow Measure Pain Scale (modifizierte CMPS‐SF) evaluiert.
Ergebnisse – Die TEWL Werte nahmen nach 4 Minuten der Behandlung, die Hydration nach 2 Behandlungsminuten signifikant ab. Die Temperatur nahm mit zunehmender Behandlungsdauer signifikant zu. Für die anderen Parameter konnten keine signifikanten Veränderungen beobachtet werden. Es wurden bei den meisten Hunden keine signifikanten Schmerzreaktionen oder Nebenwirkungen beobachtet, außer einem geringen Erythem nach 4 Minuten in der behandelten Körperregion.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung – Die Behandlung mit CAMP wurde gut toleriert und veränderte die biophysischen Parameter der Hundehaut nicht signifikant. Daher kann die CAMP grundsätzlich zur sicheren Anwendung bei Hunden empfohlen werden und stellt eine potenzielle Therapieoption für verschiedene Hauterkrankungen bei Hunden dar.
要約
背景 – 低音大気圧マイクロ波プラズマ (CAMP) は、皮膚の感染症や創傷の治療法として有望である。イヌにCAMPを適用した場合の皮膚の生物物理学的パラメータの変化と忍容性は不明である。
目的 ‐本研究は、犬の皮膚の生物物理学的パラメータ (水和性、経皮水分蒸散量(TEWL) 、表面温度) および忍容性に及ぼすCAMPのin vivo効果を評価することを目的とした。
供試動物 ‐ 正常な皮膚を持つオーナー所有犬20頭。
材料と方法 ‐正常なイヌの鼠径部皮膚の異なる部位に、CAMP処理を30秒、1分、2分、4分それぞれ実施した。水和性、TEWL、表面温度はCAMP塗布の前後にそれぞれ5回、3回、3回測定した。治療後、修正メルボルン疼痛尺度及び修正短形式グラスゴー複合測定疼痛尺度 (修正CMPS‐SF) を用いて、疼痛および副作用を評価した。
結果 ‐ TEWL値は4分間の治療で有意に減少し、水和性は2分間の治療で有意に減少した。表面温度は治療時間が長くなるにつれて有意に上昇した。その他のパラメータについては、有意な変化は認められなかった。4分後の治療部位の軽度の紅斑を除けば、ほとんどの犬で有意な疼痛反応や副作用は観察されなかった。
結論と臨床的意義 ‐ CAMP治療は忍容性が高く、犬の皮膚の生物物理学的パラメータに有意な変化を与えなかった。CAMPは安全使用のための基本的な推奨事項を満たしており、犬の様々な皮膚疾患に対する潜在的な治療オプションであると考えられる。
摘要
背景‐冷大气微波等离子体(CAMP)是治疗皮肤感染和伤口的一种有前景的治疗选择。尚不清楚应用CAMP后犬的生物物理皮肤参数变化和耐受性。
目的‐本研究旨在评价CAMP对犬皮肤生物物理参数水合作用、经表皮水分流失(TEWL)和表面温度和耐受性的体内影响。
动物‐20只皮肤正常的私家犬。
材料与方法‐在腹股沟区正常犬皮肤不同部位分别进行CAMP治疗30s和1、2和4 min。应用CAMP前后分别测量5次、3次和3次水化、TEWL和表面温度。治疗后采用改良墨尔本疼痛量表和改良简明格拉斯哥综合测量疼痛量表(改良CMPS‐SF)评价疼痛和不良反应。
结果‐治疗4 min后,TEW L值显著下降,治疗2 min后, 水合作用显著下降。随着治疗时间的增加,温度显著增加。对于其他参数,未观察到显著变化。除4 min后治疗区域出现轻度红斑外,在大多数犬中未观察到显著的疼痛反应或不良反应。
结论和临床意义‐CAMP治疗耐受性良好,未显著改变犬皮肤生物物理参数。CAMP实现了安全使用的基本建议,是犬各种皮肤病的潜在治疗选择
Resumo
Contexto – O plasma frio atmosférico de micro‐ondas (CAMP) é uma opção terapêutica promissora para o tratamento de infecções cutâneas e feridas. Não se sabe a respeito das alterações nos parâmetros biofísicos da pele e a tolerabilidade de cães após a aplicação de CAMP.
Objetivo – Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos in vivo de CAMP nos parâmetros biofísicos da pele hidratação, perda de água transepidérmica (TEWL) e temperatura da superfície e a tolerabilidade em cães.
Materiais e métodos – O tratamento com CAMP foi realizado por 30s e 1, 2 e 4 min, respectivamente, em diferentes locais da pele canina normal na região inguinal. Hidratação, TEWL e temperatura da superfície foram medidas cinco, três e três vezes, respectivamente, antes e após a aplicação do CAMP. Após o tratamento, a dor e os efeitos adversos foram avaliados usando uma escala de dor de Melbourne modificada e a escala de medida composta de dor de Glasgow modificada (CMPS‐SF modificada).
Resultados – Os valores de TEWL reduziram significativamente com o tratamento de 4 min, e a hidratação reduziu significativamente com dois minutos de tratamento. A temperatura aumentou significativamente com o aumento do tempo de tratamento. Não foram observadas alterações significativas para outros parâmetros. Não se observou uma resposta de dor significativa ou efeitos adversos na maioria dos cães, além de erit
Background
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a new generation medical therapeutic option for bacterial infections. CAP causes physical cell wall rupture and DNA damage, therefore making it highly ...useful in the treatment of various conditions such as skin infections.
Hypothesis/objectives
The antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric microwave plasma (CAMP) against major strains in canine skin infections was tested and the difference in antimicrobial activity between the antibiotic‐resistant and antibiotic‐susceptible strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was evaluated.
Methods and materials
American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and clinical isolates identified as methicillin‐resistant S. pseudintermedius (n = 27) and methicillin‐susceptible S. pseudintermedius (n = 13) were exposed to CAMP for 10 s, 30 s and 60 s. Afterwards, the bacterial survival rate was confirmed.
Results
Gram‐negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) were more susceptible than Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius) for the same duration of CAMP exposure. Only the Gram‐negative bacteria were completely killed after 60 s exposure. In S. pseudintermedius isolates, CAMP exposure had similar antibacterial effects regardless of antibiotic resistance.
Conclusions and clinical importance
CAMP has sufficient antimicrobial activity against major bacterial strains that cause pyoderma and otitis externa in dogs, and may be an alternative therapeutic option for S. pseudintermedius skin infections, for which antibiotics often are ineffective because of antimicrobial resistance in clinical veterinary medicine.
Résumé
Contexte
Le CAP (Cold atmospheric plasma) est une nouvelle génération de traitement pour les infections bactériennes. CAP cause une rupture physique de la paroi et endommage l’ADN, le rendant ainsi hautement utile pour le traitement d’atteintes variées telles que les infections bactériennes.
Hypothèses/Objectifs
L’activité antimicrobienne de CAMP (cold atmospheric microwave plasma) contre des souches majeures des infections cutanées canines a été testée et la différence d’activité antimicrobienne entre les souches résistances ou sensibles aux antibiotiques de Staphylococcus pseudintermedius a été évaluée.
Matériels et méthodes
Les souches ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Escherichia coli) et les souches cliniques isolées de S. pseudintermedius identifiées comme résistantes à la méticiline (n = 27) S. pseudintermedius sensibles à la méticiline (n = 13) ont été exposées à CAMP pendant 10 s, 30 s et 60 s. Ensuite, le taux de survie bactérien a été confirmé.
Résultats
Les bactéries Gram‐négatives (P. aeruginosa et E. coli) étaient plus sensibles que les bactéries Gram‐positives (S. aureus et S. pseudintermedius) pour la même durée d’exposition au CAMP. Seules les bactéries Gram‐négatives étaient complètement tuées après 60s d’exposition. Dans les souches de S. pseudintermedius, l’exposition à CAMP avait des effets antibactériens similaires au regard de la résistance antibiotique.
Conclusions et importance clinique
Le CAMP a une activité antimicrobienne suffisante contre les souches bactériennes majeures causant pyodermite et otite externe chez le chien et peut être une option thérapeutique alternative pour les infections cutanées à S. pseudintermedius pour laquelle les antibiotiques sont souvent inefficaces en raison de résistances antimicrobiennes en médecine vétérinaire clinique.
Resumen
Introducción
el plasma atmosférico frío (CAP) es una opción terapéutica médica de nueva generación para las infecciones bacterianas. El CAP provoca la ruptura física de la pared celular y el daño al DNA, por lo que es muy útil en el tratamiento de diversas afecciones, como las infecciones de la piel.
Hipótesis/objetivos
se probó la actividad antimicrobiana del plasma de microondas atmosférico frío (CAMP) contra las principales cepas en las infecciones cutáneas caninas y se evaluó la diferencia en la actividad antimicrobiana entre las cepas resistentes y sensibles a los antibióticos de Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.
Métodos y materiales
cepas de la American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Escherichia coli) y aislados clínicos identificados como S. pseudintermedius resistente a meticilina (n = 27) y S. pseudintermedius sensible a meticilina (n = 13) fueron expuestos a CAMP durante 10 s, 30 s y 60 s. Posteriormente, se valoró la tasa de supervivencia bacteriana.
Resultados
las bacterias Gram negativas (P. aeruginosa y E. coli) fueron más susceptibles que las bacterias Gram positivas (S. aureus y S. pseudintermedius) durante la misma duración de exposición a CAMP. Solo las bacterias Gram negativas murieron por completo después de 60 s de exposición. En los aislados de S. pseudintermedius, la exposición a CAMP tuvo efectos antibacterianos similares independientemente de la resistencia a los antibióticos.
Conclusiones e importancia clínica
CAMP tiene suficiente actividad antimicrobiana contra las principales cepas bacterianas que causan pioderma y otitis externa en perros, y puede ser una opción terapéutica alternativa para las infecciones cutáneas por S. pseudintermedius, para las cuales los antibióticos a menudo son ineficaces debido a la resistencia a los antimicrobianos en medicina veterinaria.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kaltes atmosphärisches Plasma (CAP) zählt zu einer neuen Generation an medizinischen Behandlungsoptionen für bakterielle Infektionen. CAP verursacht eine physische Zellwandruptur und eine DNA Schädigung, was es in der Folge bei der Behandlung verschiedener Erkrankungen wie Hautinfektionen sehr wirkungsvoll macht.
Hypothese/Ziele
Die antimikrobielle Wirksamkeit von kaltem atmosphärischem Mikrowellenplasma (CAMP) wurde gegenüber wichtigen Stämmen bei Hautinfektionen des Hundes getestet und der Unterschied der antimikrobiellen Aktivität zwischen den Antibiotika‐resistenten und den Antibiotika‐empfindlichen Stämmen von Staphylococcus pseudintermedius evaluiert.
Methoden und Materialien
Stämme (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa und Escherichia coli) aus der American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) und klinische Isolate, die als Methicillin‐resistente S. pseudintermedius (n = 27) und Methicillin‐empfindliche S. pseudintermedius (n = 13) isoliert worden waren, wurden CAMP für 10 s, 30 s und 60 s ausgesetzt. Danach wurde die bakterielle Überlebensrate bestätigt.
Ergebnisse
Gram‐negative Bakterien (P. aeruginosa und E. coli) waren empfindlicher als Gram‐positive Bakterien (S. aureus und S. pseudintermedius) bei gleich langer Dauer der Exposition zu CAMP. Nur die Gram‐negativen Bakterien waren nach einer 60 s dauernden Exponierung völlig abgetötet. In S. pseudintermedius Isolaten zeigte die Exponierung unabhängig von der antibiotischen Resistenz zu CAMP eine ähnliche antibakterielle Wirkung.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung
CAMP zeigt eine ausreichende antimikrobielle Aktivität gegenüber bakteriellen Stämmen, die eine Pyodermie und eine Otitis externa bei Hunden verursachen und könnte eine alternative therapeutische Option für Hautinfektionen durch S. pseudintermedius darstellen, für die Antibiotika aufgrund der antimikrobiellen Resistenz in der klinischen Veterinärmedizin oft unwirksam sind.
要約
背景
低温大気圧プラズマ (CAP) は、細菌感染症に対する新世代の治療法として注目されている。CAPは、物理的な細胞壁破壊とDNAの損傷を引き起こすため、皮膚感染症などの様々な症状の治療に非常に有用である。
仮説・目的
本研究の目的は、犬の皮膚感染症における主要な菌株に対する低温マイクロ波プラズマ (CAMP) の抗菌活性を試験し、Staphylococcus pseudintermediusの抗生物質耐性菌株および抗生物質感受性菌株間の抗菌活性の違いを評価することであった。
材料・方法
American Type Culture Collection(ATCC) 株 (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli)と、メチシリン耐性S. pseudintermedius(n = 27)およびメチシリン感受性S. pseudintermedius(n = 13)と同定された臨床分離株をCAMPに10秒、30秒、60秒曝露し、その後、細菌の生存率を確認した。
結果
グラム陰性菌 (P. aeruginosaおよびE. coli) は、同じCAMP曝露時間でもグラム陽性菌 (S. aureusおよびS. pseudintermedius) よりも感受性が高かった。60秒の曝露で完全に死滅したのはグラム陰性菌のみであった。S. pseudintermedius分離菌では、CAMP曝露は抗生物質耐性にかかわらず同様の抗菌効果を示した。
結論および臨床上の重要性
CAMPは犬膿皮症および外耳炎の原因となる主要な細菌株に対して十分な抗菌活性を有しており、臨床獣医学では抗菌剤耐性のために抗生物質が効かないことが多いS. pseudintermedius皮膚感染症の代替治療法となる可能性がある。
摘要
背景
大气低温等离子体(CAP)是新一代细菌感染的药物治疗选择。CAP引起物理性细胞壁破裂和DNA损伤, 因此使其在皮肤感染等多种疾病的治疗中非常有用。
假设/目的
检测了大气低温微波等离子体(CAMP)对犬皮肤感染中主要菌株的抗菌活性, 并评价了假中间型葡萄球菌的抗生素耐药性和抗生素敏感性菌株之间的抗菌活性差异。
方法和材料
将美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC)菌株 (金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌) 和鉴定为耐甲氧西林假中间型链球菌(n = 27)和甲氧西林敏感假中间型链球菌(n = 13)的临床分离株暴露于CAMP 10s、30s和60s后, 证实了细菌存活率。
结果
在相同的CAMP暴露时间内, 革兰氏阴性菌 (铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌) 比革兰氏阳性菌 (金黄色葡萄球菌和假中间型链球菌) 更敏感。暴露60s后仅完全杀灭革兰氏阴性菌。在假中间型链球菌分离株中, 无论抗生素耐药性如何, CAMP暴露均具有相似的抗菌作用。
结论和临床重要性
CAMP对引起犬脓皮病和外耳炎的主要细菌菌株具有足够的抗菌活性, 可能是假中间型葡萄球菌皮肤感染的替代治疗选择, 在临床兽药中, 由于抗菌药物耐药性, 抗生素通常无效。
Resumo
Contexto
O plasma atmosférico frio (PAF) é uma opção terapêutica de nova geração para infecções bacterianas. O PAF causa ruptura física da parede celular e danos ao DNA, sendo, portanto, altamente útil no tratamento de várias condições, como infecções de pele.
Hipótese/objetivos
A atividade antimicrobiana do plasma atmosférico frio de microondas (PAFM) contra as principais cepas em infecções cutâneas caninas foi testada e a diferença na atividade antimicrobiana entre as cepas de Staphylococcus pseudintermedius resistentes a antibióticos e suscetíveis a antibióticos foi avaliada.
Métodos e materiais
Cepas da American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli) e isolados clínicos identificados como S. pseudintermedius resistente à meticilina (n = 27) e S. pseudintermedius sensível à meticilina (n = 13) foram expostos ao PAFM por 10 s, 30 s e 60 s. Posteriormente, a taxa de sobrevivência bacteriana foi confirmada.
Resultados
As bactérias Gram‐negativas (P. aeruginosa e E. coli) foram mais suscetíveis do que as bactérias Gram‐positivas (S. aureus e S. pseudintermedius) para a mesma duração da exposição PAFM. Apenas as bactérias Gram‐negativas foram completamente mortas após 60 s de
Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunist pathogen that causes purulent inflammation in the skin and in the ears of dogs. Among the various virulence factors of P. aeruginosa, biofilms have ...been reported to result in antibiotic resistance, leading to therapeutic limitations. Cold atmospheric microwave plasma (CAMP) is known to have a high antimicrobial effect, which causes physical cell wall rupture and DNA damage.
Hypothesis/Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of CAMP against planktonic bacteria and the biofilm of P. aeruginosa.
Methods and materials
The antibacterial effect of CAMP against P. aeruginosa ATCC10145 and clinical isolates (n = 30) was evaluated using the colony count method. We also assessed the effect of CAMP on biofilm of P. aeruginosa ATCC strain by the colony count method, water‐soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
Results
The complete eradication of P. aeruginosa (ATCC strain and clinical isolates) was achieved within 120 s at 50 W, and clinical isolates required 60 s shorter than the ATCC strain for complete eradication at 50 W. We also confirmed the time‐dependent bactericidal effect of CAMP at 50 W against ATCC strain biofilm.
Conclusions and clinical importance
CAMP was effective against both planktonic bacteria and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. However, further studies on in vivo efficacy and safety in canine skin and ears are necessary to fully validate its clinical application.
摘要
背景‐铜绿假单胞菌是一种条件致病菌, 可引起犬皮肤和耳部化脓性炎症。在铜绿假单胞菌的各种毒力因子中, 有报道生物膜导致抗生素耐药, 限制了疗效。已知冷大气微波等离子体(CAMP)具有较高的抗菌作用, 从而引起物理细胞壁破裂和DNA损伤。
假设/目的‐本研究的目的是评价CAMP对浮游细菌和铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的抗菌和抗生物膜作用。
方法和材料‐使用菌落计数法评价CAMP对铜绿假单胞菌ATCC10145和临床分离株(n = 30)的抗菌作用。我们还通过菌落计数法、水溶性四唑盐(WST)试验和激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)评估了CAMP对铜绿假单胞菌ATCC菌株生物膜的影响。
结果‐铜绿假单胞菌 (ATCC菌株和临床分离株) 在50 W下120 s内完全根除, 在50 W下,临床分离株完全根除所需时间比ATCC菌株短60 s。我们还证实了50 WCAMP对ATCC菌株生物膜的时间依赖性杀菌作用。
结论和临床重要性–CAMP对抑制浮游细菌和铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成均有效。但有必要对犬皮肤和耳部的体内疗效和安全性进行进一步研究, 以充分验证其临床应用。
Résumé
Contexte
Pseudomonas aeruginosa est un pathogène opportuniste qui provoque une inflammation purulente de la peau et des oreilles des chiens. Parmi les différents facteurs de virulence de P. aeruginosa, il a été rapporté que les biofilms entraînent une résistance aux antibiotiques, entraînant des limitations thérapeutiques. Le CAMP (Cold atmospheric microwave plasma) est connu pour avoir un effet antimicrobien élevé, ce qui provoque une rupture physique de la paroi cellulaire et des dommages à l'ADN.
Hypothèse/Objectifs
L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les effets antibactériens et antibiofilm du CAMP contre les bactéries planctoniques et le biofilm de P. aeruginosa.
Méthodes et matériel
L'effet antibactérien du CAMP contre P. aeruginosa ATCC10145 et les isolats cliniques (n = 30) a été évalué à l'aide de la méthode de comptage des colonies. Nous avons également évalué l'effet du CAMP sur le biofilm de la souche ATCC de P. aeruginosa par la méthode de comptage des colonies, le dosage du sel de tétrazolium hydrosoluble (WST) et la microscopie confocale à balayage laser (CLSM).
Résultats
L'éradication complète de P. aeruginosa (souche ATCC et isolats cliniques) a été réalisée en 120 s à 50 W, et les isolats cliniques ont nécessité 60 s de moins que la souche ATCC pour une éradication complète à 50 W. Nous avons également confirmé l’effet bactéricide temps dépendant du CAMP à 50 W contre le biofilm de la souche ATCC.
Conclusions et importance clinique
CAMP était efficace contre les bactéries planctoniques et la formation de biofilm de P. aeruginosa. Cependant, d'autres études sur l'efficacité et l'innocuité in vivo dans la peau et les oreilles canines sont nécessaires pour valider pleinement son application clinique.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ist ein opportunistisches Pathogen, welches eine eitrige Entzündung in der Haut und in den Ohren von Hunden verursacht. Unter den verschiedenen Virulenzfaktoren von P. aeruginosa wird ein Biofilm beschrieben, welcher zu antibiotischer Resistenz führt, was wiederum zu therapeutischen Limitierungen führt. Kaltes atmosphärisches Mikrowellenplasma (CAMP) ist bekannt für eine starke antimikrobielle Wirkung, die eine physische Zellwandruptur und eine Schädigung der DNA verursacht.
Hypothese/Ziele
Das Ziel dieser Studie war eine Evaluierung der antibakteriellen und Antibiofilm Wirksamkeiten von CAMP gegenüber planktonischen Bakterien und dem Biofilm von P. aeruginosa.
Methoden und Materialien
Die antibakterielle Wirkung von CAMP gegenüber P. aeruginosa ATCC10145 und klinischen Isolaten (n = 30) wurde mittels Koloniezählungsmethode evaluiert. Wir untersuchten auch die Auswirkung von CAMP auf den Biofilm von P. aeruginosa ATCC Stamm mittels Koloniezählungsmethode, wasserlöslichem Tetrazolium Salz (WST) Assay und konfokaler Laserscanmikroskopie (CLSM).
Ergebnisse
Die gänzliche Auslöschung von P. aeruginosa (ATCC Stamm und klinische Isolate) wurde innerhalb von 120s bei 50 W erzielt, klinische Isolate benötigten 60s weniger als die ATCC Stämme für eine komplette Auslöschung bei 50 W. Wir bestätigten auch eine Zeit‐abhängige bakterizide Wirkung von CAMP bei 50 W gegenüber dem Biofilm von ATCC Stämmen.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung
CAMP war gegenüber planktonischen Bakterien sowie Biofilmbildung von P. aeruginosa wirksam. Es sind jedoch weitere Studien nötig, um die in vivo Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit auf der Haut und in den Ohren des Hundes zu untersuchen, um die klinische Applikation vollständig zu validieren.
要約
背景‐Pseudomonas aeruginosaは、犬の皮膚や耳に膿性の炎症を引き起こす日和見病原体である。P. aeruginosaの様々な病原因子の中でも、バイオフィルムは抗生物質耐性をもたらすことが報告されており、治療の限界につながっている。冷気マイクロ波プラズマ (CAMP) は高い抗菌効果を持つことが知られており、物理的な細胞壁の破壊及びDNAの損傷を引き起こす。
仮説・目的‐本研究の目的は、浮遊性細菌およびP. aeruginosaのバイオフィルムに対するCAMPの抗菌・抗バイオフィルム効果を評価することであった。
材料と方法 ‐ P. aeruginosa ATCC10145および臨床分離株 (n = 30) に対するCAMPの抗菌効果をコロニーカウント法で評価した。また、P. aeruginosa ATCC株のバイオフィルムに対するCAMPの効果をコロニーカウント法、水溶性テトラゾリウム塩 (WST) アッセイ法、共焦点レーザー走査型顕微鏡 (CLSM) で評価した。
結果 ‐ P. aeruginosa(ATCC株および臨床分離株) の完全な根絶は50Wで120秒以内に達成され、臨床分離株は50Wでの完全な根絶にATCC株よりも60秒短い時間を必要とした。また、ATCC株のバイオフィルムに対するCAMPの50Wでの時間依存的な殺菌効果を確認した。
結論と臨床上の重要性 ‐ CAMPは、浮遊性細菌及びP. aeruginosaのバイオフィルム形成の両方に対して有効であった。しかし、その臨床応用を完全に検証するためには、犬の皮膚や耳におけるin vivoの有効性及び安全性に関するさらなる研究が必要である。
Resumo
Contexto
Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um patógeno oportunista que causa inflamação purulenta na pele e orelhas de cães. Dentre os fatores de virulência de P. aeruginosa, os biofilmes têm sido relatados como causadores de resistência a antimicrobianos, levando a limitações terapêuticas. O plasma atmosférico frio (CAMP) é conhecido por apresentar elevada ação antimicrobiana, que causa ruptura física da parede celular e dano ao DNA.
Hipótese/Objetivos
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos antibacterianos e antibiofilme do CAMP contra bactérias P. aeruginosa nas formas planctônica e biofilme.
Métodos e materiais
O efeito antibacteriano de CAMP contra P. aeruginosa ATCC10145 e isolados clínicos (n = 30) foi avaliado utilizando o método de contagem de colônias. Nós também avaliamos o efeito de CAMP no biofilme de P. aeruginosa cepa ATCC pelo método de contagem de colônias, ensaio de sal de tetrazólio solúvel em água (WST) e microscopia confocal de varredura a laser (CLSM).
Resultados
A erradicação completa de P. aeruginosa (cepa ATCC e isolados clínicos) foi obtida dentro de 120 s a 50 W, e os isolados clínicos precisaram de 60 s a menos que a cepa ATCC para completar a erradicação a 50 W. Nós também confirmamos o efeito bactericida tempo‐dependente do CAMP a 50 W contra o biofilme da cepa ATCC.
Conclusões e importância clínica
O CAMP foi eficaz contra bactérias planctônicas e formação de biofilme de P. aeruginosa. Entretanto, mais estudos sobre a eficácia in vivo e a segurança na pele canina e orelhas são necessários para validar a sua aplicação clínica.
Resumen
Introducción
Pseudomonas aeruginosa es un patógeno oportunista que causa inflamación purulenta en la piel y en los oídos de los perros. Entre los diversos factores de virulencia de P. aeruginosa, se ha informado que la formación de biopelículas da lugar a resistencia a los antibióticos, lo que genera limitaciones terapéuticas. Se sabe que el plasma de microondas atmosférico frío (CAMP) tiene un alto efecto antimicrobiano, que provoca la ruptura física de la pared celular y daño al DNA bacteriano.
Hipótesis/Objetivos
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos antibacterianos y antipelículas biológicas de CAMP contra bacterias planctónicas y el biofilm de P. aeruginosa.
Métodos y materiales
Se evaluó el efecto antibacteriano de CAMP contra P. aeruginosa ATCC10145 y aislados clínicos (n = 30) utilizando el método de recuento de colonias. También evaluamos el efecto de CAMP sobre la biopelícula de la cepa ATCC de P. aeruginosa mediante el método de recuento de colonias, el ensayo de sal de tetrazolio soluble en agua (WST) y la microscopía de barrido láser confocal (CLSM).
Resultados
la eleiminación completa de P. aeruginosa (cepa ATCC y aislados clínicos) se logró con 120s a 50 W, y los aislados clínicos requirieron 60s menos que la cepa ATCC para la eliminación completa a 50 W. También confirmamos efecto bactericida dependiente de tiempo de CAMP a 50 W contra la biopelícula de la cepa ATCC.
Conclusiones e importancia clínica
CAMP fue eficaz tanto contra las bacterias planctónicas como contra la formación de biopelículas de P. aeruginosa. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios sobre la eficacia y seguridad in vivo en piel y oídos caninos para validar completamente su aplicación clínica.
Conclusions and clinical importance
CAMP was effective against both planktonic bacteria and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. However, further studies on in vivo efficacy and safety in canine skin and ears are necessary to fully validate its clinical application.
Background – Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunist pathogen that causes purulent inflammation in the skin
Display omitted
•Quercetin is effectively encapsulated into soybean soluble polysaccharide.•Adding chitosan provides a more stable complex.•QEN exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and ...anti-cancer activities.•QEN could be a good source used to dissolve in aqueous solutions for many purposes.
Dietary polyphenols including quercetin are secondary plant metabolites that have been reported to prevent many chronic diseases; however, the high hydrophobicity of quercetin results in low water solubility and bioavailability, which limits the therapeutic efficacy and impedes further applications in aqueous systems. Encapsulation may be a potential solution to the aforementioned problems. Some polysaccharides, including soluble soybean polysaccharides (SSPS) and chitosan, were widely used as polymeric backbones for the formation of nanoparticles. We investigated the physicochemical property of encapsulated quercetin in SSPS with chitosan. Encapsulation of quercetin was confirmed using Dynamic light scattering, Zeta potential, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry, and Transmission electron microscopy. The biological activity of this nanoparticle showed that encapsulated quercetin exhibits better biological activity compared to free quercetin. Alongside the enhanced solubility of quercetin in an aqueous solution, our results illustrate the improved utility of this nanoparticle in the biomedical and food industry.
(Wild.) Ohwi. (
) flowers known as 'Kudzu flower' contain isoflavonoids and essential oil components. They have a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, including protective effects ...against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperglycemia, and hypolipidemia, anti-mutagenic effects, and benefits for weight loss. However, the molecular mechanism of these effects remains unclear. Our study aimed to systematically examine the effects of flos puerariae crude extract (FPE) as an anti-diabetic agent using in vitro assays. The cytotoxicity of FPE was evaluated using MTS assay in L6 rat myocyte and 3T3-L1 murine fibroblast cell lines. PPARγ binding activity and adipogenesis were examined using dual-luciferase and differentiation assays, respectively. For investigating the anti-diabetic activity, glucose utilization, including GLUT4 protein expression, glucose uptake assay, and GLUT4 translocation using immunofluorescence microscopy were conducted in L6 cells. Furthermore, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of FPE. Our results demonstrated the ability to augment glucose uptake in L6 cells and enhance glucose utilization activity by increasing the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). In summary, our findings suggest that FPE may be a potential anti-diabetic substance for the treatment of diabetic patients and can prevent inflammatory or oxidation-related diseases.
PDF
