A segmented primary mirror (PM) is an efficient solution to the problems of a monolithic PM manufacture, testing, transportation, and launch. However, the problem of the radius of curvature (ROC) ...matching among PM segments will arise, which if not solved will seriously degrade the final imaging quality of the system. Accurately detecting ROC mismatch among PM segments from the wavefront map is of crucial importance for efficiently correcting this kind of manufacturing error, while currently there are few related studies. Based on the inherent relation between the PM segment's ROC error and corresponding sub-aperture defocus aberration, this paper proposes that the ROC mismatch can be accurately estimated from the sub-aperture defocus aberration. Secondary mirror (SM) lateral misalignments will influence the accuracy of estimating ROC mismatch. A strategy is also proposed to reduce the influence of SM lateral misalignments. Detailed simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for detecting ROC mismatch among PM segments. This paper paves a road for detecting ROC mismatch using image-based wavefront sensing methods.
This study examines the concentrations of air pollutants in passenger carriages on a number of lines of the Beijing railway transit system differentiating between services with and without air ...conditioning. In-train air quality monitoring found PM
10 concentrations are extremely high compared with other cities. Integrated factor assessment results show that the in-train air quality in the ground railway transit system where there is air conditioning is more acceptable than in the underground system.
The yeast prion Ure2p is composed of an N-terminal prion domain, and a C-terminal globular domain, which shows similarity to glutathione transferases (GSTs) in both sequence and structure. Ure2p ...protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from heavy metal ion and oxidant toxicity. Ure2p shows glutathione-dependent peroxidase (GPx) activity, which is often an adjunct activity of GSTs, but wild-type Ure2p shows no detectable GST activity toward the standard substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). The structural basis for the substrate specificity of Ure2p enzymatic activity is an interesting problem that is fundamental to understanding the in vivo roles of Ure2p and its relationship to the GST structural family. The critical catalytic residue in the other known GSTs is Ser, Tyr or Cys. Here, we demonstrate that residue N124 is important for the GPx activity of Ure2p, and a wild-type level of activity is maintained in N124S, but not in N124Y/C. Interestingly, we found that the single-site mutations A122C and N124A/V (but not N124S/Y/C) ”restore” the GST activity of Ure2p toward CDNB, while causing a substantial reduction in GPx activity. The steady-state kinetics for the GST activity of A122C appears to follow a ping-pong mechanism. In contrast, the GST activity of 124-site mutants shows a sequential mechanism, as is observed for the native GPx activity of Ure2p, and typical GST enzymes. These findings shed light on the evolutionary relationship of Ure2p with other GST family members, and contribute to our understanding of catalytic promiscuity and divergent evolution.
DSP-switched ROADMs free from optical filters and O-E-O conversions offer excellent potentials for utilizing advanced DSP techniques to not only simplify the conventional ROADM configuration but also ...introduce the highly-desired networking functionalities for addressing 5G slicing and supporting SDN paradigm. In this paper, detailed numerical investigations are performed, for the first time, of DSP-switched ROADM operation characteristics for legacy NRZ-OOK channels. The numerical results indicate that the add/drop operation performances are independent of the NRZ-OOK signal's location in the digital filtering space. Furthermore, the ROADM only gives rise to optical power penalties of < 0.5dB for the add operation and ∼1dB for the drop operation. In addition, a filter length of as small as eight can be employed with the negligible degradations of the ROADM operation performances for NRZ-OOK channels, leading to the significant reductions of the DSP complexity and power consumption.
A new series of substituted 2-sulfonyphenyl-3-phenyl-indole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit COX-2 and COX-1enzymes. Most of the compounds synthesized were ...found to be highly potent and selective inhibitors of COX-2. This work led to the discovery of 2-aminosulfonylphenyl-3-phenyl-indole 5a which possesses higher activity and selectivity for COX-2 than Celecoxib both in vitro and in vivo.
The potential for oral vaccination of crayfish against white spot syndrome virus was investigated. The envelope proteins VP19 and VP28 were expressed in yeast (
Pichia pastoris). The expressed ...proteins were used as oral vaccines in different forms viz., in whole culture form, whole culture sonicated form, whole culture centrifuged supernatant form, and cell residue form. The recombinant proteins were mixed with food pellets and fed to crayfish for 25
days. The vaccinated groups were divided into two even groups and challenged on the 3rd and 21st
day of post vaccination. Among different vaccine groups the relative percent survival (RPS) values of sonicated form and supernatant form vaccines were found the best and met the criterion (>RPS 60%) of effective vaccine even after 21st
day of post vaccination. Development of vaccine by using recombinant proteins VP19 and VP28 in yeast as expression vector was feasible with significant effects.
To observe the therapeutic efficacy of high-dose Vitamin C (Vit. C) on acute pancreatitis (AP), and to explore its potential mechanisms.
Eighty-four AP patients were divided into treatment group and ...control group, 40 healthy subjects were taken as a normal group. In the treatment group, Vit. C (10 g/day) was given intravenously for 5 days, whereas in the control group, Vit. C (1 g/day) was given intravenously for 5 days. Symptoms, physical signs, duration of hospitalization, complications and mortality rate were monitored. Meanwhile, serum amylase, urine amylase and leukocyte counts were also determined. The concentration of plasma vitamin C (P-VC), plasma lipid peroxide (P-LPO), plasma vitamin E (P-VE), plasma beta-carotene (P-beta-CAR), whole blood glutathione (WB-GSH) and the activity of erythrocyte surperoxide dimutase (E-SOD) and erythrocyte catalase (E-CAT) as well as T lymphocyte phenotype were measured by spectrophotometry in the normal group and before and after treatment with Vit. C in the treatment and the control group.
Compared with the normal group, the average values of P-VC, P-VE, P-beta-CAR, WB-GSH and the activity of E-SOD and E-CAT in AP patients were significantly decreased and the average value of P-LPO was significantly increased, especially in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients (P<0.05. P-VC, P=0.045; P-VE, P=0.038; P=0.041; P-beta-CAR, P=0.046; WB-GSH, P=0.039; E-SOD, P=0.019; E-CAT, P=0.020; P-LPO, P=0.038). Compared with the normal group, CD3 and CD4 positive cells in AP patients were significantly decreased. The ratio of CD4/CD8 and CD4 positive cells were decreased, especially in SAP patients (P<0.05. CD4/CD8, P=0.041; CD4, P =0.019). Fever and vomiting disappeared, and leukocyte counts and amylase in urine and blood become normal quicker in the treatment group than in the control group. Moreover, patients in treatment group also had a higher cure rate, a lower complication rate and a shorter in-ward days compared with those in he control group. After treatment, the average value of P-VC was significantly higher and the values of SIL-2R, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05 P-VC, P=0.045; SIL-2R, P=0.012; TNF-alpha, P=0.030; IL-6, P=0.015; and IL-8, P=0.043). In addition, the ratio of CD4/CD8 and CD4 positive cells in the patients of treatment group were significantly higher than that of the control group after treatment (P<0.05. CD4/CD8, P=0.039; CD4, P=0.024).
High-dose vitamin C has therapeutic efficacy on acute pancreatitis. The potential mechanisms include promotion of anti-oxidizing ability of AP patients, blocking of lipid peroxidation in the plasma and improvement of cellular immune function.
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