ABSTRACT
Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants among monocotyledonous species and is grown extensively in subtropical regions. Although bamboo has high economic value and produces much biomass ...quickly, gene functional research is hindered by the low efficiency of genetic transformation in this species. We therefore explored the potential of a bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV)‐mediated expression system to investigate genotype–phenotype associations. We determined that the sites between the triple gene block proteins (TGBps) and the coat protein (CP) of BaMV are the most efficient insertion sites for the expression of exogenous genes in both monopodial and sympodial bamboo species. Moreover, we validated this system by individually overexpressing the two endogenous genes ACE1 and DEC1, which resulted in the promotion and suppression of internode elongation, respectively. In particular, this system was able to drive the expression of three 2A‐linked betalain biosynthesis genes (more than 4 kb in length) to produce betalain, indicating that it has high cargo capacity and may provide the prerequisite basis for the development of a DNA‐free bamboo genome editing platform in the future. Since BaMV can infect multiple bamboo species, we anticipate that the system described in this study will greatly contribute to gene function research and further promote the molecular breeding of bamboo.
Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) shows high cargo capacity and this virus‐mediated expression system could be used to investigate genotype–phenotype associations in monopodial and sympodial bamboo.
Virtual paid gifts from viewers are the main revenue source for the live streaming gaming industry, with massively multiplayer online games (MMOG) currently representing the most profitable game ...type. However, there is little understanding regarding what drives gifting behavior in the MMOG live streaming social environment. This study develops a research model for analyzing the antecedents of virtual gifts in the MMOG live streaming context, with monetary value used for quantification. This model builds on the theory of social influence and social impact literature, and it has been validated through an empirical study including 988,829 observations of real-time viewer data that were collected from the Douyu live streaming platform. Our study examines micro-, meso-, and macro-level social influences (i.e., self-presentation, parasocial relationship, and MMOG live streaming loyalty) on viewer gifting behavior and how the presence of others (i.e., social crowdedness of viewers on the live streaming channel) represents a contextual cue that moderates the effects of social influence on gifting behavior. The results reveal that self-presentation, parasocial relationships, and MMOG live streaming loyalty positively affect the monetary value of viewers’ paid gifts. Although the presence of others can strengthen the impact of parasocial relationships and MMOG live streaming loyalty on viewer gifting behavior, it negatively moderates the relationship between self-presentation and gifting behavior. This study theorizes the features of MMOG live streaming and extends the applicability of social influence theory and social impact theory to this context. Finally, we provide insights into how game practitioners facilitate viewer gifting behavior.
PurposeThe problematic use of social media progressively worsens among a large proportion of users. However, the theory-driven investigation into social media addiction behavior remains far from ...adequate. Among the countable information system studies on the dark side of social media, the focus lies on users' subjective feelings and perceived value. The technical features of the social media platform have been ignored. Accordingly, this study explores the formation of social media addiction considering the perspectives of users and social media per se on the basis of extended motivational framework and attachment theory.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates the formation of social media addiction with particular focus on WeChat. A field survey with 505 subjects of WeChat users was conducted to investigate the research model.FindingsResults demonstrate that social media addiction is determined by individuals' emotional and functional attachment to the platform. These attachments are in turn influenced by motivational (perceived enjoyment and social interaction) and technical (informational support, system quality and personalization) factors.Originality/valueFirst, this study explains the underlying mechanism of how users develop social media addiction. Second, it highlights the importance of users' motivations and emotional dependence at this point. It also focuses on the technical system of the platform that plays a key role in the formation of addictive usage behavior. Third, it extends attachment theory to the context of social media addictive behavior.
Thermal management poses a critical challenge in the design of modern electronic packages. This letter presents a diamond-on-chip-on-glass interposer (DoCoG) technology that incorporates ...polycrystalline diamond heat-spreader substrates known for their exceptional thermal conductivity. These diamonds are directly bonded to the back-side of silicon chips on a glass interposer, resulting in markedly enhanced cooling performance. The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance dropped by 28.5% due to the integration of diamond. The creation of such multi-stacked DoCoG integration and efficient cooling necessitates a diamond/chip connection that combines a minimal bonding thermal budget, high working temperature, and low thermal boundary resistance. To address this challenge, the study proposes a low-temperature bonding technique through nanolayer Cu/Au recrystallization. The effects of bonding voids on overall cooling performance were investigated. These results represent significant progress toward universal approaches for the viable integration of high-performance coolers into electronic packages, potentially enabling applications that are currently constrained by thermal limitations in heterogeneous integrations.
Background
Senaparib is a novel, selective poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1/2 inhibitor with strong antitumor activity in preclinical studies. This first‐in‐human, phase 1, dose‐escalation study ...examined the safety and preliminary efficacy of senaparib in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Methods
Patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled from three centers in Australia, using a conventional 3 + 3 design. Dose‐escalation cohorts continued until the maximum tolerated dose or a recommended phase 2 dose was determined. Patients received one dose of oral senaparib and, if no dose‐limiting toxicity occurred within 7 days, they received senaparib once daily in 3‐week cycles. The primary end points were safety and tolerability.
Results
Thirty‐nine patients were enrolled at 10 dose levels ranging from 2 to 150 mg. No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed in any cohort. Most treatment‐emergent adverse events were grade 1–2 (91%). Seven patients (17.9%) reported hematologic treatment‐emergent adverse events. Treatment‐related adverse events occurred in eight patients (20.5%), and the most frequent was nausea (7.7%). Two deaths were reported after the end of study treatment, one of which was considered a complication from senaparib‐related bone marrow failure. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that senaparib the accumulation index was 1.06–1.67, and absorption saturation was 80–150 mg daily. In 22 patients with evaluable disease, the overall response rate was 13.6%, and the disease control rate was 81.8%. The overall response rate was 33.3% for the BRCA mutation‐positive subgroup and 6.3% for the nonmutated subgroup.
Conclusions
Senaparib was well tolerated in Australian patients with advanced solid tumors, with encouraging signals of antitumor activity. The recommended phase 2 dose for senaparib was determined to be 100 mg daily.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03507543.
The novel, oral poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1/2 inhibitor senaparib was safe and well tolerated, with encouraging signals of antitumor activity, in patients in Australia with relapsed or refractory advanced solid tumors. A comprehensive analysis of safety, pharmacokinetic, and efficacy findings confirmed that the recommended phase 2 dose of senaparib in Australian patients should be 100 mg once daily.
Stable water‐soluble CdHgTe nanorods with an emission wavelength at 722 nm, obtained by doping Hg2+ into CdTe nanorods, has been used as a near‐infrared region (NIR) probe to investigate their ...interaction with copper(II) ions. A new fluorimetric method for the determination of copper(II) ions has been developed based on the quenching effect of copper(II) ions on the emission of CdHgTe nanorods. The mechanism studies show that an effective electron transfer from nanorods to the copper(II) ions occurred based on the coordination reaction between copper(II) ions and the carboxyl groups on the nanorods surface, which could be responsible for the emission quenching of CdHgTe nanorods. Under optimum conditions, the linear range of the calibration curve for the determination of Cu2+ is from 8.0×10−9 to 1.0×10−6 mol/L and the detection limit is 2.0×10−9 mol/L. Owing to low background interference of NIR measurement, the proposed method displays relative high sensitivity and selectivity. Especially, some physiologically important cations almost do not interfere with the determination of Cu2+. The proposed method was also applied to the determination of trace Cu2+ in real aqueous samples with satisfactory results.
Water‐soluble near‐infrared‐emitting CdHgTe nanorods were used as probe for the selective and sensitive detection of copper(II) ions.
This work aims to explore a convolution-free base classifier that can be used to widen the variations of the conventional ensemble classifier. Specifically, we propose Vision Transformers as base ...classifiers to combine with CNNs for a unique ensemble solution in Kaggle kinship recognition. In this paper, we verify our proposed idea by implementing and optimizing variants of the Vision Transformer model on top of the existing CNN models. The combined models achieve better scores than conventional ensemble classifiers based solely on CNN variants. We demonstrate that highly optimized CNN ensembles publicly available on the Kaggle Discussion board can easily achieve a significant boost in ROC score by simply ensemble with variants of the Vision Transformer model due to low correlation.
As the semiconductor devices are getting higher frequency, higher power and smaller size, the management of thermal dissipation becomes a big challenge. The application of diamond as heat dissipation ...substrate for high-power semiconductor devices has been placed great expectation due to its ultra-high thermal conductivity. In this study, Au thin layer was used for the low temperature bonding of polycrystalline diamond and Si. The Au-Au atomic diffusion bonding was successfully achieved. Clean processes were optimized. Scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) was used to determine the bonding porosity, which typically exceeded 10%. Atomic force microscope (AFM) tests indicated the diamond surface roughness (Ra>1nm). The poor surface flatness of diamond contributed to the degradation of bond-ability. The technological route of diamond heat dissipation substrate for high-power semiconductor devices needs more optimization.
Study on Warpage of Interposer by Chip Distribution He, Yimin; Lu, Xiangjun; Bao, Shuchao ...
2022 7th International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Microsystems (ICICM),
2022-Oct.-28
Conference Proceeding
Glass interposer have gradually become an effective substitute for silicon and ceramic substrates due to their high-frequency performance, excellent electrical isolation, low price, and could be ...fabricated with large size. However, the warpage for wafer level 2.5D or 3D packaging using glass interposer is a serious issue. This paper studies the warpage caused by thermal mismatch in the packaging process using different modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) epoxy resin materials, and explores whether the chip distribution has an effect on the warpage and the change law.The pattern of wafer warpage is explored by controlling a single variable, changing the position of the chip patch and using different CTEs of epoxy resin materials.
