Multimodal Distributional Semantics Bruni, E.; Tran, N. K.; Baroni, M.
The Journal of artificial intelligence research,
01/2014, Letnik:
49
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Distributional semantic models derive computational representations of word meaning from the patterns of co-occurrence of words in text. Such models have been a success story of computational ...linguistics, being able to provide reliable estimates of semantic relatedness for the many semantic tasks requiring them. However, distributional models extract meaning information exclusively from text, which is an extremely impoverished basis compared to the rich perceptual sources that ground human semantic knowledge. We address the lack of perceptual grounding of distributional models by exploiting computer vision techniques that automatically identify discrete visual words in images, so that the distributional representation of a word can be extended to also encompass its co-occurrence with the visual words of images it is associated with. We propose a flexible architecture to integrate text- and image-based distributional information, and we show in a set of empirical tests that our integrated model is superior to the purely text-based approach, and it provides somewhat complementary semantic information with respect to the latter.
Epicardial adipose tissue is a novel cardiovascular risk factor. It plays a role in the progression of coronary artery disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Given its rapid metabolism, ...clinical measurability, and modifiability, epicardial fat works well as therapeutic target of drugs modulating the adipose tissue. Epicardial fat responds to glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1A) and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). GLP-1A and SGLT2i provide weight loss and cardiovascular protective effects beyond diabetes control, as recently demonstrated. The potential of modulating the epicardial fat morphology and genetic profile with targeted pharmacological agents can open new avenues in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes and obesity, with particular focus on cardiovascular risk reduction.
•The aging of bitumen is investigated with Atomic Force Microscopy.•The aging process cause an increase in size of the asphaltene micelles.•Short term aging induces the formation of fractal-like ...microstructures.•Stiffness increases half (one) order of magnitude for short (long) term aging.•Viscosity increases half-order of magnitude, mainly during short term aging.
We investigated the short and long term aging of asphalt cement (AC) with different AFM techniques (topography, phase and friction imaging and nano-indentation experiments). The aging process induces a growth and nucleation of the asphaltene micelles with a concomitant reduction of the maltene phase, whereas the short term aging induces the formation of fractal-like micellar structures. The friction investigation shows that the aging processes reduce the binder friction coefficient by 50%, and this reduction occur predominantly during the short term aging, while the growth of the micelles occur predominantly during the long term aging. The micro-indentation experiments revealed that the aging processes cause a stiffening of the AC film (half-order of magnitude for short term aging, and one order of magnitude for long term aging). The aging process also increased the apparent viscosity of the AC films by half-order of magnitude.
Aims. The solar activity in the past millennia can only be reconstructed from cosmogenic radionuclide proxy records in terrestrial archives. However, because of the diversity of the proxy archives, ...it is difficult to build a homogeneous reconstruction. All previous studies were based on individual, sometimes statistically averaged, proxy datasets. Here we aim to provide a new consistent multi-proxy reconstruction of the solar activity over the last 9000 yr, using all available long-span datasets of 10Be and 14C in terrestrial archives. Methods. A new method, based on a Bayesian approach, was applied for the first time to solar activity reconstruction. A Monte Carlo search (using the χ2 statistic) for the most probable value of the modulation potential was performed to match data from different datasets for a given time. This provides a straightforward estimate of the related uncertainties. We used six 10Be series of different lengths (from 500–10 000 yr) from Greenland and Antarctica, and the global 14C production series. The 10Be series were resampled to match wiggles related to the grand minima in the 14C reference dataset. The stability of the long data series was tested. Results. The Greenland Ice-core Project (GRIP) and the Antarctic EDML (EPICA Dronning Maud Land) 10Be series diverge from each other during the second half of the Holocene, while the 14C series lies in between them. A likely reason for the discrepancy is the insufficiently precise beryllium transport and deposition model for Greenland, which leads to an undercorrection of the GRIP series for the geomagnetic shielding effect. A slow 6–7 millennia variability with lows at ca. 5500 BC and 1500 AD in the long-term evolution of solar activity is found. Two components of solar activity can be statistically distinguished: the main component, corresponding to the “normal” moderate level, and a component corresponding to grand minima. A possible existence of a component representing grand maxima is indicated, but it cannot be separated from the main component in a statistically significant manner. Conclusions. A new consistent reconstruction of solar activity over the last nine millennia is presented with the most probable values of decadal sunspot numbers and their realistic uncertainties. Independent components of solar activity corresponding to the main moderate activity and the grand-minimum state are identified; they may be related to different operation modes of the dynamo.
Grazioli, R, Loturco, I, Baroni, BM, Oliveira, GS, Saciura, V, Vanoni, E, Dias, R, Veeck, F, Pinto, RS, and Cadore, EL. Coronavirus disease-19 quarantine is more detrimental than traditional ...off-season on physical conditioning of professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3316-3320, 2020-Beyond the severe health crisis, the coronavirus disease 2019 has also affected the high-performance sports scenario. In soccer, practitioners are concerned about the effects of long-term detraining on players' conditioning, and caution is required when activities return. This study assessed body composition, jump and sprint performance, hamstring eccentric strength, and intermittent cardiorespiratory fitness of 23 male professional soccer players who returned to training activities after 63 days of quarantine. The results were compared with their physical condition assessed before a pre-season phase as soon as they returned to training after a regular 24-day off-season period. In comparison with after off-season assessments, the quarantine induced significant increases in body mass, body fat mass, 10- and 20-m sprint times as well as decreases in countermovement jump height (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in hamstring eccentric strength, squat jump height, and cardiorespiratory fitness (p > 0.05). In summary, we showed that 63 days of quarantine impaired several physical performance measures compared with regular off-season in soccer players. Given the present results, special attention should be given to body composition-related and speed power-related capabilities after long-term detraining in professional soccer.
SiO
-SO
H, with a surface area of 115 m
/g, pore volumes of 0.38 cm
g
and 1.32 mmol H
/g, was used as a 10% w/w catalyst for the preparation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) from fructose. A ...conversion of 100% was achieved in a microwave reactor during 10 min at 150 °C in DMSO, with 100% selectivity for HMF, at a molar ratio of fructose: DMSO equal to 1:56. The catalyst could be re-used three times.
Adipose tissue (AT) is one of the largest endocrine organs contributing to metabolic homeostasis. The functional pleiotropism of AT depends on its ability to secrete a large number of hormones, ...cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors, all influencing many local and systemic physiological and pathophysiological processes. In condition of chronic positive energy balance, adipocyte expansion, hypoxia, apoptosis and stress all lead to AT inflammation and dysfunction, and it has been demonstrated that this
sick fat
is a main risk factor for many metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, cardiovascular disease and cancer. AT dysfunction is tightly associated with aberrant secretion of bioactive peptides, the adipocytokines, and their blood concentrations often reflect the expression in the AT. Despite the existence of an association between AT dysfunction and systemic pro-inflammatory state, most of the circulating molecules detectable in obese and dysmetabolic individuals do not identify specifically the condition of
sick fat
. Based on this premise, this review provides a concise overview of “classic” and novel promising adipocytokines associated with AT inflammation and discusses possible critical approaches to their interpretation in clinical practice.
•Peach pulp changed the polyphenol profile of cookies.•Cookies with peach pulp showed improved antioxidant properties.•Peah pulp-cookies had good color, appearance and texture.•A fraction of ...polyphenol from peach could be absorbed by the small intestine.
The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the bioaccesible phenolic compounds and evaluate their relationship with the antioxidant properties of three different cookies formulated with 10.5% peach pulp incorporation and 50% fat or added-sucrose reduction. Peach pulp and dietary fiber were incorporated in cookie formulation and two levels of fat or sucrose were analyzed. Cookie quality was modified by fruit incorporation and reduction of fat and added-sucrose. Fruit incorporation changed the polyphenol profile and improved antioxidant properties. Most phenolic compounds quantified in both the extracts and the different stages of the simulated digestion were higher in the sucrose/fat reduced samples than in the control samples, which represents a nutritional improvement of the pulp-enriched cookies. Evaluation of the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from cookies showed that a fraction of polyphenol could be absorbed by the small intestine. This fraction ranged between ~21% and ~25%, according to the sample.
A new full model of the atmospheric transport of cosmogenic 10Be is presented based on the specialized SOCOL‐AERv2‐BE chemistry‐climate model coupled with the CRAC:10Be isotope production model. The ...model includes all the relevant atmospheric processes and allows computing the isotope concentration at any given location and time. The full model is directly compared with 10Be isotope measurements in five Antarctic and Greenland ice cores for the period 1980–2007. The model reasonably well reproduces the average concentration and solar‐cycle dependency or the lack of it for most observational sites but does not perfectly catch the interannual variability at sites with complex orography likely due to the coarse model grid. This implies that the model correctly reproduces the large‐scale atmospheric dynamics but effectively averages out synoptic‐scale variability. It is found that the dominant source of 10Be is located in the middle stratosphere (25–40 km), in the tropical (<30° latitudes) and polar (>60°) regions, as produced by galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles, respectively. It is shown that >60% (90%) of 10Be produced in the atmosphere reaches the Earth's surface within one (two) years, respectively. For practical purposes, a simple parameterization of the full‐model results is presented which agrees with the full model within 20% in polar regions. This parameterization allows one to make a quick estimate of near‐ground 10Be concentrations based only on production rates without heavy calculations. This practical approach can be applied to studies of solar and geomagnetic variability using cosmogenic isotopes.
Key Points
A full model of production and atmospheric transport of 10Be produced by galactic cosmic ray (GCR) and solar energetic particles (SEP) is presented and validated
The dominant source regions of 10Be in polar ice are identified as tropical and polar stratosphere for GCR and SEPs, respectively
An easy‐to‐use parameterization of the full model is proposed to study cosmic‐ray variability with 10Be data
Summary
Treatment of older adults with hip fracture is a healthcare challenge. Orthogeriatric comanagement that is an integrated model of care with shared responsibility improves time to surgery and ...reduces the length of hospital stay and mortality compared with orthopedic care with geriatric consultation service and usual orthopedic care, respectively.
Introduction
Treatment of fractures in older adults is a clinical challenge due partly to the presence of comorbidity and polypharmacy. The goal of orthogeriatric models of care is to improve clinical outcomes among older people with hip fractures. We compare clinical outcomes of persons with hip fracture cared according to orthogeriatric comanagement (OGC), orthopedic team with the support of a geriatric consultant service (GCS), and usual orthopedic care (UOC).
Methods
This is a single-center, pre-post intervention observational study with two parallel arms, OGC and GCS, and a retrospective control arm. Hip fracture patients admitted to the trauma ward were assigned by the orthopedic surgeon to the OGC (
n
= 112) or GCS (
n
= 108) group. The intervention groups were compared each with others and both with the retrospective control group (
n
= 210) of older adults with hip fracture. Several clinical indicators are considered, including time to surgery, length of stay, in-hospital, and 1-year mortality.
Results
Patients in the OGC (OR 2.62; CI 95% 1.40–4.91) but not those in the GCS (OR 0.74; CI 95% 0.38–1.47) showed a higher probability of undergoing surgery within 48 h compared with those in the UOC. Moreover, the OGC (β, − 1.08; SE, 0.54,
p
= 0.045) but not the GCS (β, − 0.79; SE, 0.53,
p
= 0.148) was inversely associated with LOS. Ultimately, patients in the OGC (OR 0.31; CI 95 % 0.10–0.96) but not those in the GCS (OR 0.37; CI 95% 0.10–1.38) experienced a significantly lower 1-year mortality rate compared with those in the UOC. All analyses were independent of several confounders.
Conclusions
Older adults with hip fracture taken in care by the OGC showed better clinical indicators, including time to surgery, length of stay and mortality, than those managed by geriatric consultant service or usual orthopedic care.
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