Dreams about the COVID-19 pandemic were collected from 2,888 dreamers via an online survey and compared to normative dreams from an earlier period. A total of 9 categories of emotions and body ...concerns from the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) were utilized. As predicted by the continuity hypothesis of dreaming, women showed significantly lower positive emotions in their dreams and higher rates of negative emotions, anxiety, sadness, anger, body content, references to biological processes, health, and death. For male respondents, the predicted higher score for the LIWC variable health was the only one significant at as high a level as for women. LIWC positive emotions, negative emotions, anxiety, and death were elevated in the predicted direction at lower significance levels than the effects for women. The variables anger, sadness, and body did not differ for men between the pandemic dreams and the normative sample. Results are discussed in terms of the continuity hypothesis both for distress and specific concerns of both groups and in light of the higher rate of many stressors for women versus men during the pandemic.
Dreams and creative problem‐solving Barrett, Deirdre
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
October 2017, Letnik:
1406, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Dreams have produced art, music, novels, films, mathematical proofs, designs for architecture, telescopes, and computers. Dreaming is essentially our brain thinking in another neurophysiologic ...state—and therefore it is likely to solve some problems on which our waking minds have become stuck. This neurophysiologic state is characterized by high activity in brain areas associated with imagery, so problems requiring vivid visualization are also more likely to get help from dreaming. This article reviews great historical dreams and modern laboratory research to suggest how dreams can aid creativity and problem‐solving.
The continuity hypothesis of dreams suggests that the content of dreams is continuous with the dreamer's waking experiences. Given the unprecedented nature of the experiences during COVID-19, we ...studied the continuity hypothesis in the context of the pandemic. We implemented a deep-learning algorithm that can extract mentions of medical conditions from text and applied it to two datasets collected during the pandemic: 2888 dream reports (dreaming life experiences), and 57 milion tweets (waking life experiences) mentioning the pandemic. The health expressions common to both sets were typical COVID-19 symptoms (e.g. cough, fever and anxiety), suggesting that dreams reflected people's real-world experiences. The health expressions that distinguished the two sets reflected differences in thought processes: expressions in waking life reflected a linear and logical thought process and, as such, described realistic symptoms or related disorders (e.g.
); those in dreaming life reflected a thought process closer to the visual and emotional spheres and, as such, described either conditions unrelated to the virus (e.g.
), or conditions of surreal nature (e.g.
). Our results confirm that dream reports represent an understudied yet valuable source of people's health experiences in the real world.
While teaching a summer course at University College London in 2011, Barrett's came across a unique set of dreams recorded in the archives of the Wellcome Library Medical Collection: those from ...British officers in a World War II Nazi prisoner-of-war camp. From 1940 to 1942, Major Kenneth Hopkins had gathered dream accounts every morning from 79 fellow prisoners being held in Laufen Castle in Bavaria. Hopkins planned to use the data for his dissertation research, but he died of a lung ailment in the camp. These dreams sat unread for decades. A group of undergraduate students and her scored these accounts using standardized scales that rate dreams for their emotions, types of social interactions, and categories of characters, settings, and objects. They compared the ratings for the soldiers' dreams to those for dreams from college males of the same time period. Predictably, perhaps, the prisoners' dreams had more references to food and dead people, and they contained less friendliness, sexuality, and aggression.
The article describes the rationale for and the process of developing a new definition of hypnosis by the Society of Psychological Hypnosis, Division 30 of the American Psychological Association. ...Both theoretical and practical implications led to the production of the definition, which is targeted toward informing clinicians, researchers, and the lay public alike. The definition is presented at the conclusion of the article.
This article takes its inspiration from Wickramasekera II's empathic involvement theory of hypnosis. That model illuminates the mutual territory of hypnosis and empathy-common to much interaction ...between hypnotist and subject, and to the internal process of subjects as they enact suggestions of the hypnotist. However, the present article suggests that the overlap is not as ubiquitous as the empathic involvement theory asserts. Other aspects of hypnosis involve disengagement from real persons in the environment and dissociating from other ego states of the self. Amnesia and certain uses of focused attention in the hypnotic context run counter to empathy. The fantasizer type of high hypnotizables experiences hypnosis more empathically than do the equally hypnotizable dissociater type. This article also explores the relationship of hypnosis and empathy to other related states, including meditation, dreaming, and psychedelic drugs. The conclusion is that empathy is an important component of many hypnotic phenomena, but that the relationship is as partial and complex as the manner in which other traits, such as imagery ability and dissociation, map onto hypnosis.
Transgenerational Trauma Krippner, Stanley; Barrett, Deirdre
The Journal of mind and behavior,
01/2019, Letnik:
40, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Epigenetics is the study of cellular variations that are caused by external, environmental factors that “switch” genes “on” and “off,” making changes in the phenotype of genetic expression without ...concomitant changes in the DNA sequence or genotype. Epigenetic effects have been noted in the offspring of traumatized parents and there is some evidence that some of these effects can be observed in third generation offspring. However, the latter studies have been conducted with small numbers of non-human animals, with modest effect sizes. Implications for evolutional theory and psychotherapy are discussed.
The study examined the published dream journals of three prominent male novelists of the mid-20th century: Graham Greene, William Burroughs, and Jack Kerouac. Their dreams were coded with the Hall ...and van de Castle content scales and compared to the male norms for those scales with an emphasis on the continuity hypothesis of dreams and how their creativity and travel would affect their dreams. Their dream content was also compared to the content of their novels. Hypotheses for the effects of the writers' creativity on dream characters were largely supported with Burroughs and Kerouac having a significantly higher than average number of imaginary characters, Burroughs having significantly more metamorphosing characters, and none of the dream character results trending opposite the predictions. The hypothesis that the writers would have more distorted settings was not supported, but, as predicted from their travel, they all had significantly higher than average unfamiliar settings. All three writers also had fewer average social interactions than normative males, but the aggressiveness versus friendly nature of the interactions did not differ significantly. Kerouac had significantly more sexual interactions while Burroughs and Greene had significantly fewer. Kerouac and Burroughs incorporated their dreams as the dreams of characters in novels. Burroughs and Greene made use of their dreams in plots and scenes that were not depicted as dreams.
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