Maintaining equitable distribution of income is one of the priority agendas to any policy maker in a country or at the global level. It is not an exception to India as well as to its states and ...regions. The existing literature shows that Indian states are diverging in incomes particularly after the major reform programmes initiated in 1991–1992. Many factors contribute to the income divergence of the country. The present study throws light a bit deeper towards the grass root level and examines whether the districts of West Bengal are converging in terms of allocation of commercial bank credits for the period 1980–2014. Applying the neoclassical growth and panel unit root test methodology, the study reveals that the districts are not catching up to a common steady state level of per capita credit but they are conditionally converging to the credit of Calcutta, the top district, and to the average credit per capita of the district. The sigma convergence result shows that the districts are significantly diverging if Calcutta is restored in the group.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) is a recessively inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused due to β-glucuronidase (β-GUS) enzyme deficiency. Prominent clinical symptoms include hydrops ...fetalis, musculoskeletal deformities, neurodegeneration and hepatosplenomegaly leading to premature death in most cases. Apart from these, MPS VII is also characterized as adipose storage deficiency disorder although the underlying mechanism of this lean phenotype in the patients or β-GUS-deficient mice still remains a mystery. We addressed this issue using our recently developed Drosophila model of MPS VII (the CG2135-/- fly), which also exhibited a significant loss of body fat. We report here that the lean phenotype of the CG2135−/− larvae is due to fewer number of adipocytes, smaller lipid droplets and reduced adipogenesis. Our data further revealed that there is an abnormal accumulation of autophagosomes in the CG2135−/− larvae due to autophagosome-lysosome fusion defect. Decreased lysosome-mediated turnover also led to attenuated mTOR activity in the CG2135−/− larvae. Interestingly, treatment of the CG2135−/− larvae with mTOR stimulators, 3BDO or glucose, led to the restoration of mTOR activity with simultaneous correction of the autophagy defect and adipose storage deficiency. Our finding thus established a hitherto unknown mechanistic link between autophagy dysfunction, mTOR downregulation and reduced adiposity in MPS VII.
Display omitted
•β-Glucuronidase (CG2135) loss of function in Drosophila perturbs adipogenesis and leads to a lean phenotype.•Impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion in the CG2135−/− larval fat tissue results in aberrant accumulation of autophagosomes.•Stimulation of mTOR in the CG2135−/− larvae with glucose and 3-BDO rescued defective autophagy and adipose deficiency.
INFLUENCE OF ORAL MICROBIOME ON HUMAN HEALTH: AN OVERVIEW ., Mitu De; ., Manisha Bhattacharya; ., Animita C. Saha ...
International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research,
1/2019, Letnik:
2, Številka:
1
Journal Article
School is a social environment where there are many unwritten rules. All students are expected to abide by those rules and regulations. But for children with autism, it becomes quite difficult to ...navigate the social environment in a mainstream school. Often it leads to students dropping out. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuro-developmental disability in which the core impairments are in the language, communication, and reciprocal social interaction. Recent research has shown that the neuroplasticity of the human brain is quite high during the first five years of life. So with intense intervention, it is possible to change the trajectories of development in a child. The child is taught how to behave in different social situations found in a mainstream school. Autism Society West Bengal ASWB runs a School Readiness program that provides intervention for young children where they are taught in a way that they understand. This program often leads to the child being accepted into a mainstream school. They need not start their education in a special school. In this case study different aspects and outcomes of the School Readiness program will be discussed.
The human microbiota consists of the 10-100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells harbored by each person, primarily bacteria in the gut. The association of the gut microbiota with human health and ...disease has been widely studied. A number of human disorders and diseases have been directly and indirectly associated with the microbiome. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have distinctive gut microbiota compared to neurotypical children. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with several oropharyngeal abnormalities, including dysbiosis in the oral microbiota. As there is a correlation between abnormal microbiota and development of autism like behaviour, so, modifying the gut microbiome by probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) could be a potential route to improve GI and behavioural symptoms in children with ASD.
Abstract
We perform a linear analysis of the stability of isothermal, rotating, magnetic, self-gravitating sheets that are weakly ionized. The magnetic field and rotation axis are perpendicular to ...the sheet. We include a self-consistent treatment of thermal pressure, gravitational, rotational, and magnetic (pressure and tension) forces together with two nonideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects (ohmic dissipation and ambipolar diffusion) that are treated together for their influence on the properties of gravitational instability for a rotating sheetlike cloud or disk. Our results show that there is always a preferred length scale and associated minimum timescale for gravitational instability. We investigate their dependence on important dimensionless free parameters of the problem: the initial normalized mass-to-flux ratio
μ
0
, the rotational Toomre parameter
Q
, the dimensionless ohmic diffusivity
η
˜
OD
,
0
, and the dimensionless neutral–ion collision time
τ
˜
ni
,
0
, which is a measure of the ambipolar diffusivity. One consequence of
η
˜
OD
,
0
is that there is a maximum preferred length scale of instability that occurs in the transcritical (
μ
0
≳ 1) regime, qualitatively similar to the effect of
τ
˜
ni
,
0
, but with quantitative differences. The addition of rotation leads to a generalized Toomre criterion (that includes a magnetic dependence) and modified length scales and timescales for collapse. When nonideal MHD effects are also included, the Toomre criterion reverts back to the hydrodynamic value. We apply our results to protostellar disk properties in the early embedded phase and find that the preferred scale of instability can significantly exceed the thermal (Jeans) scale and the peak preferred fragmentation mass is likely to be ∼10–90
M
Jup
.
ABSTRACT
We develop a semi-analytical formalism for the determination of the evolution of the stellar mass accretion rate for specified density and velocity profiles that emerge from the runaway ...collapse of a prestellar cloud core. In the early phase, when the infall of matter from the surrounding envelope is substantial, the star accumulates mass primarily because of envelope-induced gravitational instability in a protostellar disc. In this phase, we model the envelope mass accretion rate from the isothermal free-fall collapse of a molecular cloud core. The disc gains mass from the envelope, and transports matter to the star via a disc accretion mechanism that includes episodic gravitational instability and mass accretion bursts according to the Toomre Q-criterion. In a later phase, mass is accreted on to the star due to gravitational torques within the spiral structures in the disc, in a manner that analytical theory suggests has a mass accretion rate ∝t−6/5. Our model provides a self-consistent evolution of the mass accretion rate by joining the spherical envelope accretion (dominant at the earlier stage) with the disc accretion (important at the later stage), and accounts for the presence of episodic accretion bursts at appropriate times. We show using a simple example that the burst mode can provide a good match to the observed distribution of bolometric luminosities. Our framework reproduces key elements of detailed numerical simulations of disc accretion and can aid in developing intuition about the basic physics as well as to compare theory with observations.
PDF
