The identification of central body in directed networks is critical as it shows the areas of the network that require attention by cutting through noisy data. In network theory, the measures of ...centrality offer numbers or values to nodes within a graph related to their network location. Many centrality measures already exist in different network models. However, these centrality measures are generally based on membership values of edges, and there is no widely acknowledged method to assess the efficacy and reliability of these measures when dealing with incomplete and ambiguous information concurrently. Therefore, we suggest an innovative perspective where centrality measures are introduced in rough fuzzy directed (RFD) network model that is a predominant approach for dealing incomplete and ambiguous information simultaneously. Based on the connectedness of the RFD network, the in-degree centrality
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id
, out-degree centrality
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od
, in-closeness centrality
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ic
and out-closeness centrality
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oc
are defined and characterized for its bounds. Expressions for centrality measures of rough fuzzy directed path networks and rough fuzzy directed cycle networks are generalized. Finally, this conceptual structure is applied to the decision-making of effective management of water supply system and it is used to assess and compare different approaches. The traditional centrality measures are found to perform poorly on a large number of networks, indicating inherent limits for expressing the centrality of nodes in complicated networks.
Maintenance of plant physiological functions under drought stress is normally considered a positive feature as it indicates sustained plant health and growth. This study was conducted to investigate ...whether plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus subtilis HAS31 has potential to maintain potato growth and yield under drought stress. We analyzed trends of chlorophyll concentration, photosynthesis process, relative water content, osmolytes, antioxidants enzymes and oxidative stress, relative growth rate, tuber and aboveground biomass production in two potato varieties, Santae (drought-tolerant) and PRI-Red (drought-sensitive). Plants of both genotypes were treated with 100 g of HAS31 inoculant at 10 days after germination and exposed to different soil relative water contents (SRWC), including 80 ± 5% (well watered), 60 ± 5% (moderate stress) and 40 ± 5% SRWC (severe stress) for 7 days at tuber initiation stage (30 days after germination). The drought stress reduced plant relative growth rate, biomass production, leaf area, number of leaves and tubers, tuber weight, and final yield. The drought-stressed plants showed decline in chlorophyll contents, membrane stability, leaf relative water contents and photosynthetic rate. Under drought stress, enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of total soluble sugars, soluble proteins and proline increased. The application of PGPR reduced the impact of drought and maintained higher growth and physio-chemical traits of the plants. The plants with PGPR application showed higher relative growth rate, dry matter production, leaf area, number of tubers, tuber weight and yield as compared to plants without PGPR. The PGPR-HAS31 treated plants maintained higher photosynthetic process, contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, and enzymatic activities of CAT, POD and SOD as compared to plants without PGPR. The results of the study suggest that plant growth regulators have ability to sustain growth and yield of potato under drought stress by maintaining physiological functions of the plants.
The objective of the present research was to determine if dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) alone and combined exposure induced pathological alterations in laboratory ...reared albino mice. Adult male mice were equally divided (n = 10) into Control, corn oil (CO), DBP, DEHP, and DBP+DEHP treated groups. Dibutyl phthalate (250 mg/kg), DEHP (300 mg/kg), and DBP+DEHP (250+300 mg/kg), respectively, were administered by oral gavage mixed in corn oil (0.2 mL) for 28 days. All animals were sacrificed following 28 days of treatment and blood was collected for serum lipid profiles and liver function tests. Liver samples were also collected for observation of histological changes. Microphotographs of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were used for computer-based micrometry. CO, DBP, DEHP, and DBP+DEHP treatment resulted in a significant increase in the mean body and liver weights as compared with the Control group. Histological examination of the livers with DBP and/or DEHP treatment showed marked alterations leading to hepatic hypertrophy. In the treated groups, a significant increase in the mean number of mononucleated, binucleated cells, and oval cells per unit area was noticed with disorganized trabecular arrangement as compared with the Control group. Treatment with DBP and/or DEHP resulted in large regeneration zones in the liver and an increased relative nucleo-cytoplasmic index of mononuclear shepatocytes when compared with the Control group. All treatments caused a significant increases in the liver enzymes and proteins as well as altered serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels. The histopathological and serological findings confirmed the toxic potentials to hepatic tissue of DBP and DEHP either given alone or in combination.
Chrysin is a promising phytochemical that is categorized under the class of flavonoids based on its chemical structure. Naturally, it is widely present in propolis, honey, passion fruit, and even in ...mushrooms and other plant sources, whereas its synthetic counterparts are also being employed for pharmacological purposes. It has widely been employed in treatment of various degenerative disorders and provides cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory functions. Its antioxidant and disease preventing abilities are attributed to its structural diversity arising in ring-A and absence of oxygenation in B and C ring. In this review, the scientific studies are being reported emphasizing benefits and its allied health claims on chrysin in numerous metabolic malfunctions.
Graphical abstract of chrysin sources and its health claims Display omitted
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) sense and collect information from a desired phenomenon with the help of sensor nodes that have limited computational power, battery, and memory. Several data ...aggregation approaches are proposed to make the sensor networks energy-efficient, increasing the network’s lifetime by controlling data redundancy at aggregator nodes. Redundant data is suppressed before transmission to the sink. In this work, our aim is to enhance the network lifetime by efficiently utilizing the network’s energy through controlled data redundancy and minimizing data transmission to the sink. Data aggregation occurs in two steps: firstly, within clusters where the cluster-head serves as the aggregation point, and secondly, at a central point in the network where the gateway node acts as the aggregation point. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed approach yields better results compared to a benchmark clustering protocol in terms of network stability, the number of data packets transferred to the destination, energy dissipation of nodes, and overall network lifetime.
Naturally occurring food-derived active ingredients have received huge attention for their chemopreventive and chemotherapy capabilities in several diseases. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a caffeic acid ...ester and a naturally-occurring phenolic compound in a number of plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, such as Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) from which it was formerly isolated. RA intervenes in carcinogenesis through different ways, including in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and inflammation. On the other hand, it also exerts powerful antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and even antidepressant, anti-aging effects. The present review aims to provide an overview on anticancer activities of RA and to deliberate its therapeutic potential against a wide variety of diseases. Given the current evidence, RA may be considered as part of the daily diet in the treatment of several diseases, with pre-determined doses avoiding cytotoxicity.
We study the propagation of
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-shaped solitons and kink-periodic waves in an optical fiber medium exhibiting Kerr dispersion and quintic nonlinearity by applying the symbolic computation with ansatz ...functions technique and logarithmic transformation. We used seven different methods, namely, three waves technique, homoclinic breather technique,
M
-shaped solitons, single exponential form, double exponential form, kink cross-rational and trigonometric and hyperbolic ansatz approaches. The quintic derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation (QD-NLSE) is applied to model for ultrashort light pulse in fibers and self-steepening processes. We compute two categories of
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-shaped solitons and their dynamics are revealed in figures by appropriate values of parameters. Moreover two types of interaction of
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-shaped solitons with kink wave are revealed. We attain multiwaves, kink cross-rational (KCR), Homoclinic breather, periodic cross-rational solutions (PCRs) for governing model. Finally, the stability property of all solutions is analytically studied under the finite selection of parameters.
Apigenin as an anticancer agent Imran, Muhammad; Aslam Gondal, Tanweer; Atif, Muhammad ...
Phytotherapy research,
August 2020, Letnik:
34, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Apigenin is an edible plant‐derived flavonoid that has been reported as an anticancer agent in several experimental and biological studies. It exhibits cell growth arrest and apoptosis in different ...types of tumors such as breast, lung, liver, skin, blood, colon, prostate, pancreatic, cervical, oral, and stomach, by modulating several signaling pathways. Apigenin induces apoptosis by the activation of extrinsic caspase‐dependent pathway by upregulating the mRNA expressions of caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and TNF‐α. It induces intrinsic apoptosis pathway as evidenced by the induction of cytochrome c, Bax, and caspase‐3, while caspase‐8, TNF‐α, and B‐cell lymphoma 2 levels remained unchanged in human prostate cancer PC‐3 cells. Apigenin treatment leads to significant downregulation of matrix metallopeptidases‐2, −9, Snail, and Slug, suppressing invasion. The expressions of NF‐κB p105/p50, PI3K, Akt, and the phosphorylation of p‐Akt decreases after treatment with apigenin. However, apigenin‐mediated treatment significantly reduces pluripotency marker Oct3/4 protein expression which might be associated with the downregulation of PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling.
This article retrieves homoclinic breather solutions,
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-shape rational solutions and their interactions for fractional quadratic-cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (FQC-NLSE) with the help of ...various appropriate transformation. We also formulate periodic cross kink waves,
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-shaped with one and two kink, periodic cross rational, kink cross rational, interaction with
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-shape, periodic and interaction with
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-shape, rogue wave and I-kink for (FQC-NLSE). We will also plot 3-D, 2-D, contour and density graphs for newly computed solutions. The dynamics of above mentioned solutions are analysed graphically by choosing appropriate parametric values.
Abstract
Glucuronyl C5-epimerase (Hsepi) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate that is a sulfated polysaccharide expressed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of ...alveolar walls and blood vessels. Targeted interruption of the Hsepi gene, Glce, in mice resulted in neonatal lethality, which is most likely due to lung atelectasis. In this study, we examined the potential mechanisms behind the defect in lung development. Histological analysis of the lungs from embryos revealed no difference in the morphology between wild-type and mutant animals up to E16.5. This suggests that the initial events leading to formation of the lung primordium and branching morphogenesis are not disturbed. However, the distal lung of E17.5–18.5 mutants is still populated by epithelial tubules, lacking the typical saccular structural characteristic of a normal E17.5 lung. Immunostaining revealed strong signals of surfactant protein-C, but a weaker signal of T1α in the mutant lungs in comparison to WT littermates, suggesting differentiation of type I alveolar epithelial cells (AT1) is impaired. One of the parameters contributed to the failure of AT1 maturation is reduced vascularization in the developing lungs.
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