Kongresi i druga događanja u 2017. godini Begić, Dražen; Strnad, Marija; Urlić, Ivan ...
Ljetopis ... (Akademije medicinskih znanosti Hrvatske),
03/2018, Letnik:
16, Številka:
1
Web Resource
Background: The amount of studies showing different benefits of practicing meditation is growing. EEG brainwave patterns
objectively reflect both the cognitive processes and objects of meditation. ...This study aimed to examine the effects of transcendental
meditation (TM) practice on baseline EEG brainwave patterns (outside of meditation) and to examine weather TM reduces state and
trait anxiety.
Subjects and methods: Standard EEG recordings were conducted on volunteer participants (N=12), all students or younger
employed people, before and after a three-month meditation training. Artifact-free 100-second epochs were selected and analyzed by
Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) analysis. Endlers Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS) were used to assess anxiety levels.
Power (μV²) and coherence levels were compared in the alpha, beta, theta and delta frequency band.
Results: Changes in EEG patterns after meditation practice were found mostly in the theta band. An interaction effect was found
on the left hemisphere (p<0.10). Theta power decreased on the left, but not on the right hemisphere. Increased theta coherence was
found overall and in the central, temporal and occipital areas (p<0.10). Decrease in alpha power was found on channels T3
(p<0.10), O1 (p<0.05) and O2 (p<0.10). An interaction effect was found in the delta frequency band (p<0.06), too. A trend for
power decreasing was found on the left, and a trend for power increasing on the right hemisphere. Also, power decreased on channel
O1 (p<0.10). In the beta frequency band, a decrease was found on channel O2 (p<0.10). Trait anxiety did not differ, but a decrease
in state anxiety and cognitive worry was found (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Obtained results confirm the effects of TM on some baseline EEG brainwave patterns and state anxiety, suggesting
that the left hemisphere is more sensitive to meditation practice. Most of the changes were found in the occipital and temporal areas,
less in the central and frontal areas. State anxiety decreased after TM practice. Findings suggest TM practice could be helpful in
treating different kinds of disorders, especially anxiety disorders.
Psihofarmaci u trudnoći John, Nada; Bakija, Ivana; Begić, Dražen ...
Medicus (Zagreb, Croatia : 1992),
09/2002, Letnik:
11, Številka:
2_Psihofarmakologija
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Trudnoća je posebno stanje u životu žene u
kojem se unutar fiziološkoga mijenjaju i postaju specifične za
trudnoću brojne fiziološke funkcije. Zbog toga se mijenja i farmakokinetika
pojedinih ...lijekova. Osim toga tijekom trudnoće
većina lijekova prelazi u metabolizam ploda, često i u
različitim koncentracijama od koncentracija u krvotoku
majke, pa treba posvetiti posebnu pažnju učincima lijeka na
plod. U radu posebnu pozornost posvećujemo mogućemu
štetnom djelovanju psihofarmaka na plod. Trudnoća je period
u kojemu često počinju neki psihički poremećaji, u kojem
se nastavlja niz ranije započetih psihičkih poremećaja, u kojima
može doći do recidiva nekog psihičkog poremećaja pa je
trudnoća počela u fazi terapije održavanja ili prevencije recidiva,
a sve na određeni način indicira primjenu psihofarmaka.
Osim toga, i sama opstetricijska praksa često provodi primjenu
psihofarmaka, posebno anksiolitika, bilo zbog njihova
anksiolitičkog djelovanja, bilo zbog njihova miorelaksantnog
djelovanja s ciljem preveniranja trudova. U svezi s navedenim
činjenicama često se u liječničkoj praksi javlja dilema
koliko je opravdana primjena psihofarmaka u trudnoći i laktaciji,
kao i u vrijeme planiranja trudnoće, da li više štetimo
primjenjujući psihofarmakoterapiju povećavajući rizik od
posljedica eventualnih nuspojava kod djeteta, ili je
pogoršanje psihičkog stanja majke veća opasnost i za majku
i za dijete. Odabir metode liječenja uvijek treba odrediti s
maksimalnim individualnim pristupom i uz preferiranje onih
metoda i lijekova koji imaju najniži rizik štetnosti i za dijete i
za majku.
Background: There are numerous benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) on mother and child wellbeing. The objective was to
find out whether depression, posttraumatic stress disorder and personality ...traits at the time of delivery are associated with EBF six
to nine weeks after delivery.
Subjects and methods: The targeted population were women who delivered in Croatian largest University maternity hospital.
The scores of The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), The Big Five Inventory (BFI) and The Impact of Events Scale
(revised) – IES-R three to five days after childbirth were measured to predict self-reported EBF status six to nine weeks after the delivery.
Six to nine weeks after the delivery data on breastfeeding were collected for 259 (69.6%) out of initially 372 enrolled women.
Results: Six to nine weeks after the delivery 151/259 (58.3%) were still exclusively breastfeeding their child. After adjustment for
all other variables, women who gave their second childbirth had significantly higher odds for longer EBF than primiparous women
(OR=2.12; 95% CI 1.10-4.10). Higher EPDS result was significantly associated with lower odds for EBF (OR=0.92; 95% CI 0.85-0.99).
Conclusion: Parity and depressed mood immediately after the delivery are associated with EBF six to eight weeks after the
delivery. Depression symptoms are a moderator between parity and exclusive breastfeeding, so multiparous women without
depressive symptomatology are more prone for EBF.
Aim To determine the relationship between the intensity of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the intensity of predominating symptoms.
Method The study included 151 veterans from ...1992-1995 war in Croatia (aged 38.3 ± 7.3 years) with PTSD. The veterans were psychologically tested with the Mississippi Scale for Combat-related PTSD (M-PTSD), Questionnaire on Traumatic Combat and War Experiences (USTBI-M), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-version 201 (MMPI-201).
Results The discriminative analysis of the data revealed that the group with lower PTSD intensity had the highest scores on MMPI scales D (depression, T-score 95.7 ± 5.6), Hs (hypochondriasis, 87.6 ± 5.1), and Hy (hysteria, 85.6 ± 4.9), whereas the group with higher PTSD intensity, besides these three scales (D = 98.3 ± 5.3; Hs = 90.1 ± 4.3; Hy = 89.5 ± 4.7), also had clinically significantly elevated Pt (psychastenia, 80.6 ± 5.6), Sc (schizophrenia, 79.6 ± 4.8), and Pa (paranoia, 85.6 ± 5.4) scales, with the highest Pa scale.
Conclusion It was possible to differentiate study participants with different PTSD intensity on the basis of their MMPI profile. More intense PTSD was associated with externalized symptoms, such as aggression, acting-out, hostility, and mistrust, whereas less intensive PTSD was associated with mostly depressive symptoms. Our study showed that different intensity of PTSD has different symptom patterns.
Abstract Objective The study was aimed at exploring a 1-year course of depression in persons with type 2 diabetes and analysing demographic, disease-related, and psychological variables that may ...predict persistent depressive symptoms. Patients and methods One hundred patients from a randomly selected sample of 470 outpatients were found to be suffering from severe depressive symptoms. They were followed and re-examined for depression after 1 year. Baseline depression was assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression scale (CES-D) and a face-to-face diagnostic interview relying on the DSM-IV . Nonparametric tests for between-group differences were used to compare patients who recovered from depression with those who still suffered from severe depressive symptoms. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine predictors of depression persistence. Results Seventy-nine of 100 patients with baseline depression scores indicative of severe depression were reached at 1-year follow-up. Among them, 53% were shown to have improved depressive symptoms to CES-D <16, while 47% continued to suffer from severe depressive disturbances (CES-D ≥16). Logistic regression analysis indicated that psychosocial variables predicted persistently elevated depressive symptoms better than demographic and diabetes-related ones. Clinical depression at baseline (OR=3.8, CI 1.31–10.98, P =.01), diabetes-related distress (OR=3.3, CI 1.01–10.98, P =.05), and social and physical quality-of-life aspects (OR=0.92, CI 0.88–0.97, P =.0005 and OR=0.94, CI 0.90–0.98, P =.002, respectively) were shown to be independent predictors of 1-year depression outcomes. Conclusions Severity of baseline depression, a degree to which depression disrupted the patients' quality of life, and concomitant emotional problems related to diabetes were shown to be associated with persistently elevated depressive symptoms.
During the first month postpartum, 85% of women experience some form of mood disorders. The most common are: postpartum blues, non-psychotic postpartum depression, puerperal psychosis. Delivery of a ...child can be traumatic for some women. Several authors have found that women could get symptoms of one form of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childbirth. However, etiology of established postpartum disorders is still unknown. The aim of this study is to detect symptoms of acute stress reaction and acute depressive state as a consequence of peripartal complications, as early as three days postpartum using Impact of Events Scale revised (IES-R) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaires and to demonstrate their potential usage for the early detection of vulnerable mothers with greater risk to develop any of postpartum psychiatric disorder, including PTSD. For that purpose 103 subjects, without previous medical history of psychiatric illness, were included in the investigation. Long duration of delivery (ł12 h), very painful delivery, complication and illness of mother during and after delivery as a consequence of delivery, preterm delivery (before week 36) and/or illness of the child (as a consequence of delivery or congenital) are considered to be risk factors for acute stress reaction and acute depressive state after delivery. Sixty one out of 103 investigated mothers had one or more researched peripartal complications. A statistically significant difference has been found between the control (n=42) and the peripartal complications (n=61) groups in both the mean IES-R (4.67 ± 5.43 and 13.50 ± 14.12, respectively, p<0.01) as well as in the mean EPDS (3.85 ± 2.76 and 7.03 ± 3.90, respectively, p<0.01) scores. Additionally, while there were 4 cases of acute stress reactions and 3 cases of acute depressive state in the peripartal complications group there were no cases of these states in the control group. Based on our findings we conclude that using IES-R and EPDS questionnaires as early as three days after delivery could provide an early detection of previously healthy mothers with greater risk for development of postpartum psychiatric disorders.
Background: Standard (qualitative) electroencephalography (EEG) is routinely used in the diagnostic evaluation of psychiatric
patients. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) findings differ between patients with ...schizophrenia, patients with depression, but results are not
consistent. The aim of our study was to determine the differences in qEEG parameters between patients with schizophrenia, patients
with depression, and healthy subjects.
Subjects and methods: The study included 30 patients with schizophrenia, 33 patients with depression, and 30 healthy subjects.
All study participants underwent standard EEG. Artifact-free 100-second epochs were selected from the recorded material and
analyzed with Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) analysis.
Results: The results are presented as absolute spectral power values (μV2) of delta, theta, alpha, and beta components of the
EEG spectrum. EEGs were recorded from 12 locations including Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7, F8, T3, T4, P3, P4, O1, and O2. In
comparison with healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia showed increased delta, theta, and beta activity and decreased alpha
activity. Similar results were obtained in patients with depression, but in fewer regions. In patients with schizophrenia, delta power
over Fp1, Fp2, F4, and F8 regions was increased in comparison with those in patients with depression. Interhemispheric asymmetry
was found in patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects, but not in patients with depression.
Conclusion: The finding that patients with schizophrenia differed from patients with depression in delta power values could be
potentially used in differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and depression. The role of qEEG in clinical differentiation between
these two mental disorders may be especially important in cases of negative-symptom schizophrenia.
