The article presents the changing balance of class forces in the Slovenian transition from self-managed socialism to capitalism. We begin by examining the consolidation of the initial class ...compromise that set the major course of this process and its institutional solidification in the areas of privatisation, macroeconomic policy, welfare state, and industrial relations. This will be followed by an account of the erosion of the conditions for compromise in the subsequent periods and the weakening of working class organisations. Finally, we propose an explanation in terms of the operaist workerism conceptual pair of technical composition of labour force and the political composition of working class.
S kombinacijo sociološkega in političnoekonomskega pristopa v proučevanju novinarstva kot dela študija analizira učinke zatona časopisne industrije na razredne boje v panogi. Na podlagi ...teoretsko-zgodovinske konceptualizacije tehnične sestave novičarskega dela ter s pomočjo poglobljenih intervjujev in analize dokumentov študija primera družbe Dnevnik d.d razkriva proletarizacijo novinarjev in drugi novičarskih delavcev. Zgodovinske ločnice tehnične sestave, s katero si menedžment podreja novičarske delavce in jih na podlagi ideologije profesionalizma ločuje, se brišejo. Čeprav je sindikat aktivno pristopil k organizaciji vseh delavcev, ti niso vzpostavili politične sestave in nastopiti kot enotna sila v razrednih bojih. Menedžment je stopnjevanje konkurenčnih pritiskov v okoliščinah zatona časopisne industrije prevalil na zaposlene in jih hkrati izrabil za sklepanje koalicije preživetja, s katero je nevtraliziral razredno nasprotje in si ob postopnem ugašanju časopisnega podjetja zagotovil nadaljnjo akumulacijo.
The public broadcaster RTV Slovenia strategically relied on non-standard employment for its permanent workers until the courts ruled that this was unlawful about a decade ago. The ensuing process of ...standardising employment has led to the regular employment of about 500 "permanently outsourced workers" under various arrangements. To interrogate the inverse, the study tests the Streeckian "beneficial constraints hypothesis", whereby a reduction of external numerical flexibility should push RTVS on to the path of socially more sustainable flexibility in its internal functions that prove to be economically beneficial. The process expanded the standard employment and the grounding for the collective organisation of newsworkers, while the prevailing imperative of "rationalising" the tendencies for the norm of work intensification with greater workloads, saturated working time, and basic reskilling in the newsroom. Unlike the process of "proletarisation" that has economically subordinated journalists through the process of professionalisation and its ideologisation that sought to align their interests with those of media owners, the study reveals patterns of the "creative destruction of journalism" in response to the worsening material conditions of professional journalism, adapting newswork to the evolving commercial modes of digitised communication, introducing the ideology of non-professionalism to reskilling, while exposing newsworkers to pauperisation.
In this paper, we analyse effects of the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic on employment in Slovenia in the light of some theories on the destandardisation and segmentation of employment. We ...consider statistical databases, state measures and policies, along with union strategies before and during the epidemic. The epidemic has caused a sharp decline in employment and hit hardest those workers holding non-standard forms of employment (especially students and temporary workers). Given the decline in service turnover/production volume, particular service industries (e.g. retail, exports) have been more affected by export-oriented manufacturing that has invested less in employee skills and shifted the effects of the shock to labour and the state. We also note the trade unions have not deepened the splits in labour market divisions, while segmentation has been strengthened by both pre- and post-epidemic state policies.
In this paper, we analyse effects of the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic on employment in Slovenia in the light of some theories on the destandardisation and segmentation of employment. We ...consider statistical databases, state measures and policies, along with union strategies before and during the epidemic. The epidemic has caused a sharp decline in employment and hit hardest those workers holding non-standard forms of employment (especially students and temporary workers). Given the decline in service turnover/production volume, particular service industries (e.g. retail, exports) have been more affected by export-oriented manufacturing that has invested less in employee skills and shifted the effects of the shock to labour and the state. We also note the trade unions have not deepened the splits in labour market divisions, while segmentation has been strengthened by both pre- and post-epidemic state policies.
V prispevku analizirava učinke prvega vala epidemije covida-19 na zaposlovanje v Sloveniji v luči nekaterih teorij destandardizacije in segmentacije zaposlovanja. Analizirala sva statistične podatke, ...ukrepe in politike države ter strategije sindikatov pred in med epidemijo. Epidemija je povzročila močan upad zaposlitev in najbolj prizadela delavce v nestandardnih oblikah (še zlasti študente in zaposlene za določen čas). Glede na padec prometa oz. obsega proizvodnje je bolj kot izvozno usmerjeno predelovalno industrijo prizadela nekatere storitvene panoge (npr. maloprodaja, izvoz), kjer manj vlagajo v veščine zaposlenih; te so namreč v večji meri učinke šoka prevalile na delavstvo in državo. Ugotavljava tudi, da sindikati razcepov na trgu delovne sile niso poglabljali, medtem ko so segmentacijo krepile državne politike pred epidemijo in ukrepi med njo.
Once considered an exception among the post-socialist countries owing to its inclusive industrial relations system and the role of social dialogue, the conditions for the social compromise in ...Slovenia have eroded significantly since mid-2000s. The pressures intensified in the post-2008 period when social dialogue at the national level virtually collapsed, the gap in working conditions and wages between sectors of the economy widened, while precarisation and increased unemployment seriously undermined the position of trade unions at the company level. In cases when collective bargaining was not mere ‘concession bargaining’ it often resulted in reduction of various forms of inequality but, with regard to weaker unions and non-unionised segments of the labour force, union actions at the national level proved crucial for imposing certain minimum standards. On the rare occurrences when meaningful social dialogue at the national level did take place, the results were more pronounced on the flexibility rather than the security side.
Once considered an exception among the post-socialist countries owing to its inclusive industrial relations system and the role of social dialogue, the conditions for the social compromise in ...Slovenia have eroded significantly since mid-2000s. The pressures intensified in the post-2008 period when social dialogue at the national level virtually collapsed, the gap in working conditions and wages between sectors of the economy widened, while precarisation and increased unemployment seriously undermined the position of trade unions at the company level. In cases when collective bargaining was not mere ‘concession bargaining’ it often resulted in reduction of various forms of inequality but, with regard to weaker unions and non-unionised segments of the labour force, union actions at the national level proved crucial for imposing certain minimum standards. On the rare occurrences when meaningful social dialogue at the national level did take place, the results were more pronounced on the flexibility rather than the security side.
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