Land-use constitutes a part of the earth’s surface which is used in a specific, unitary manner. In Poland, data concerning land-uses are registered in the Real Estate Cadastre. This data plays an ...important role, inter alia, in the context of land properties taxation as well as performing statistical analyses in the field of spatial structure and land development form on various levels of administrative division of a country. Data on land-uses also form basis for activities aimed to agricultural and forest land protection. In this article, the study concerning identification of dependency between parcel boundaries and land-use coverage has been conducted. Occurrence of such a dependency is determined by the characteristics of Polish legal regulations and the fact of carrying out the Real Estate Cadastre in the form of informational system. On this basis it could be concluded that parcel boundary is one of determinants influencing the coverage shape of specific land use form. Using GIS tools, the assessment of size of this impact has been performed at the level of individual land properties as well as the whole cadastral districts. The spatial structure of land-uses in selected cadastral districts in southern Poland has been also compared. The results of analysis were presented both in graphical and analytical form.
The shifting of the shoreline is a natural phenomenon closely related to the existence of watercourses. One of its consequences is the need to periodically update the real estate cadastre with regard ...to parcel boundaries and their owners. Land use types use are also subject to updates, which bears particular significance in this context. This article presents the most essential practical aspects of establishing the shoreline in Poland, including the identification of property boundaries located in the immediate vicinity of watercourses. The main problems associated with conducting the process of demarcating land under water are discussed using selected technical reports as examples. Attention is drawn to the numbering of parcels resulting from the implementation of the analyzed procedure, as well as the precision of recording surface areas. Moreover, the consequences of changing the natural watercourse shoreline and the limitations imposed on property ownership rights are presented, along with the issue of compensation claims.
Usable floor area is one of the most important spatial attributes of buildings and premises. It is used, for example, to determine the basis for their taxation. Unfortunately, the question of proper ...determination of usable floor area in Poland has remained problematic for many years, which is closely related to the occurrence of various definitions of usable floor area in the currently binding legal acts. Consequently, usable floor area is not a universal attribute. This means that in certain cases significant discrepancies may occur between the usable floor area of the same structure, determined for different purposes. In addition, despite attempts made to unify the principles for the performance of surveys of building structures and their parts, this requirement still can not be recognized as fully met. Therefore, there is no doubt that the problem of reliability and availability of data defining the usable floor area of buildings is becoming even more important in view of the introduction of the ‘ad valorem’ tax, which has been planned for years. For this reason, this paper proposes a universal, multi-variant method of estimating usable floor area based on geometric and descriptive data of buildings contained in the cadastre. The Authors, taking into account the applicable legal regulations, have considered the possibilities of practical implementation of individual variants of this specific method. They have carried out empirical tests of effectiveness of the proposed approach. They have also defined tasks for which this method of determining the usable floor area of buildings would be particularly useful.
Prawo własności jest najważniejszym prawem rzeczowym. Jest ono fundamentem prawidłowo funkcjonującego społeczeństwa oraz zrównoważonej gospodarki. Obowiązujące przepisy w szczegółowy sposób opisują ...rolę właściciela w trakcie realizacji procesów geodezyjno-prawnych i postępowań administracyjnych związanych z nieruchomościami. Sytuacja komplikuje się w przypadku gruntów o nieuregulowanym stanie prawnym. Gdy nie jest możliwe ustalenie właściciela nieruchomości, wówczas w ewidencji wykazuje się dane osób i jednostek organizacyjnych, które tymi gruntami władają na zasadach samoistnego posiadania. Posiadacz samoistny faktycznie włada nieruchomością jak właściciel, jednak jego rola w postępowaniach administracyjnych takich jak rozgraniczenie nieruchomości, czy też w procesach geodezyjno-prawnych nie jest jednoznaczna. Artykuł ma na celu scharakteryzowanie osoby posiadacza samoistnego oraz określenie roli jaką przyjmuje on m.in. przy ustaleniu przebiegu granic, rozgraniczeniu nieruchomości, wznowieniu znaków granicznych czy scaleniu i wymianie gruntów. Przedmiotem badań będą prawa i obowiązki posiadacza samoistnego. Wskazane zostaną możliwe rozwiązania legislacyjne, pozwalające na sprawne i skuteczne przeprowadzenie analizowanych procedur i postępowań, a zarazem zapewniające poszanowanie praw do nieruchomości.
A parcel is the most important object of real estate cadastre. Its primary spatial attribute are boundaries, determining the extent of property rights. Capturing the data on boundaries should be ...performed in the way ensuring sufficiently high accuracy and reliability. In recent years, as part of the project “ZSIN – Construction of Integrated Real Estate Information System – Stage I”, in the territories of the participating districts, actions were taken aimed at the modernization of the register of land and buildings. In many cases, this process was carried out basing on photogrammetric materials. Applicable regulations allow such a possibility. This paper, basing on the documentation from the National Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation Center and on the authors’ own surveys attempts to assess the applicability of the photogrammetric method to capture data on the boundaries of cadastral parcels. The scope of the research, most importantly, included the problem of accuracy with which it was possible to determine the position of a boundary point using photogrammetric surveys carried out on the terrain model created from processed aerial photographs. The article demonstrates the manner of recording this information in the cadastral database, as well as the resulting legal consequences. Moreover, the level of reliability of the entered values of the selected attributes of boundary points was assessed.
Land-use as a part of the earth’s surface used in an unitary manner, constitutes as one of the objects of Real Estate Cadastre in Poland. This register gathers data concerning actual grounds status, ...buildings and premises. Cadastre is carried out in an informational system on the basis of Geodetic and Cartographic Law and its implementing act. The contents of mentioned legal regulations are very general in terms of capturing and revealing data on ecological land-use. The rules are also related to environmental protection law. It often makes its proper interpretation difficult. In this article, the study aimed to systematize information about recording ecological land-uses in Polish Real Estate Cadastre has been performed. Practical and legal solutions concerning determination of the ecological land-uses coverage have been presented. The authors evaluate an order of individual activities leading to ecological land-use disclosure in cadastral database. The consequences and constraints in enforcing the ownership to land property or its parts where ecological land-use was allocated are analyzed as well. The statistical data in the scope of number and surface area of ecological land-uses in individual provinces have also been demonstrated.
•Defining quality index of parcel boundaries and methodology for its determination.•Analyzes conducted at local (parcels) and global (cadastral districts) levels.•Empirical verification of proposed ...model against actual cadastral data.•Comparison of quality of parcel boundaries in two different cadastral districts.
The data contained in the modern real estate cadastre should be of adequate quality. This is particularly important as far as information in records of parcel boundaries is concerned. Boundaries are attributes determining the scope of rights assigned to a specific real property. Their accuracy and reliability significantly affect the quality of other data contained in the real estate cadastre, such as the parcel surface area.
This paper proposes new possibilities for the analysis of errors in the locations of boundary points and their effects on the course of boundary lines, based on these points, in relation to the source of the information concerning the locations of these points. When classifying information on the data sources determining a given boundary line, it is combined with information on the accuracy of the data and information on the monumentation of boundary points. An index that describes the boundary data quality has been developed. The analysis was carried out among a selection of cadastral districts – Marcówka and Chocznia, located in Małopolska Province. There were, respectively, 28,773 and 99,082 sections of the boundary lines of the parcels covered by this research. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of graphical and analytical depictions of the index distribution. It was found that the cadastral data on the boundaries of the parcels located in the cadastral district of Marcówka were of a significantly higher quality, described by the value of the global quality index equal to 0.993, while, for Chocznia, this index reached the value of 0.547, which corresponds to the moderate quality of the parcel boundaries. The presented analysis may prove to be useful for determining the need for modernizing the cadastre for verifying the cadastre or for land consolidation.
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