Background and Study Aim. The hamstring and quadriceps muscles can have strength differences because of the sportive activities. It is known that sportive hamstring quadriceps strength imbalance can ...cause decreasing sportive performance and injuries. Also, each sports branch can have a specific effect on the hamstring quadriceps strength ratio. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of different combat sports branches on the hamstring quadriceps ratio.
Material and Methods. Wrestlers (N=10), boxers (N=10), wushu athletes (N=10) voluntarily participated in the study (also university students). Subjects were administered standard warm-up and then a strength measurement test was performed. Subjects performed knee extensor (quadriceps) and flexor (hamstring) isokinetic strength test (concentrically) with his dominant leg at 60° angular velocity with by Cybex device (Cybex NORM®. Humac. CA. USA). Peak and average strength were recorded automatically by the device. The SPSS package program was used in the analysis of the data. The isokinetic strength measurements of three groups were analyzed with one-way ANOVA.
Results. There were no significant differences between groups’ peak isokinetic strength ratio (wrestlers 0.58±0.09 boxers 0.56±0.07 and wushu athletes 0.57±0.12). Also, the average isokinetic strength ratio was not significantly different (wrestlers 0.56±0.08. boxers 0.60±0.08 and wushu athletes 0.53±0.11).
Conclusions. According to the results, it can be said that combat sports athletes' hamstring quadriceps ratio can be affected by their sports branches, also by characteristics and training levels.
Background and Aim. Balance performance is one of the significant requirements to achieve success in wrestling and kickboxing. Although the evaluation of balance performance is important in both ...sports branches, there are a limited number of studies on this subject. Additionally, there is no study comparing the two branches in terms of balance performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the balance performances of wrestling and kickboxing athletes. Material and Methods. Thirteen Greco-Roman wrestlers (age: 20.69 ± 1.32 years, height: 176.0 ± 4.30 cm, body mass: 75.54 ± 6.81 kg) and thirteen kickboxers (age: 20.23 ± 2.49 years, height: 177. 62 ± 5.03 cm, body mass: 77.08 ± 8.44 kg) who participated in national competitions were included in the study voluntarily. The Biodex Balance System (BBS, Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, NY) was used to test dynamic balance and three index scores were recorded: overall stability index (OSI), anterior-posterior stability index (APSI) and medio-lateral stability index (MLSI). Dynamic balance measurements of the participants were conducted with eyes open condition. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the outputs of the dynamic balance tests of wrestlers and kickboxers. All statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS software package, version 24.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results. The comparison of dynamic balance between kickboxers and wrestlers revealed no significant differences in the OSI, APSI, and MLSI parameters (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that despite the inherent differences in technical requirements and training protocols between kickboxing and wrestling, both groups of athletes demonstrate similar levels of proficiency in maintaining dynamic balance. Such parity challenges potential assumptions regarding disparities in balance performance across these disciplines. Conclusions. The balance performances of wrestling and kickboxing athletes are similar, as evidenced by the lack of significant differences in dynamic balance parameters between the two groups. This suggests that balance performance may be influenced by the specific features of each sport and the training levels of the athletes, rather than inherent differences between the sports themselves.
The study aimed to investigate the anaerobic performance with laboratory and field tests in youth athletes in different sports. One-hundred four athletes between the ages of 10 and 16, minimum age of ...training of one year in different sports voluntarily participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements of participants were measured. Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) using Monark cycle ergometer (Monark-Crescent AB, Sweden), Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), and pediatric RAST using photocell advice (Newtest 2000) were performed to determine anaerobic performance. Peak power (PP), average power (AP), minimum power (MP) and fatigue index (FI) were determined for each test. Absolute and relative power outputs, FI, and total exercise time (TED) values of WAnT, RAST, and PRAST were significantly different (p<0.01). The absolute peak, average and minimum power of PRAST were significantly higher than WAnT and RAST. According to test-retest results of WAnT, RAST, and PRAST, ICC 95% CI values have a high-reliability coefficient for all variables. It was found there is a positive correlation statistically between WAnT and RAST for all variables (p<0.01). Besides, there were also positive correlations statistically between WAnT-PRAST and RAST-PRAST excluding fatigue index (p<0.01). As a result of this study, it was determined WAnT, RAST, and PRAST have high reliability and are appropriate for child and adolescent athletes in that age group to evaluate anaerobic performance. Although tests have different motion properties, it was determined they have similar results when performed. High correlations between tests and variables support this determination.
The study aimed to investigate the anaerobic performance with laboratory and field tests in youth athletes in different sports. One-hundred four athletes between the ages of 10 and 16, minimum age of ...training of one year in different sports voluntarily participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements of participants were measured. Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) using Monark cycle ergometer (Monark-Crescent AB, Sweden), Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), and pediatric RAST using photocell advice (Newtest 2000) were performed to determine anaerobic performance. Peak power (PP), average power (AP), minimum power (MP) and fatigue index (FI) were determined for each test. Absolute and relative power outputs, FI, and total exercise time (TED) values of WAnT, RAST, and PRAST were significantly different (p<0.01). The absolute peak, average and minimum power of PRAST were significantly higher than WAnT and RAST. According to test-retest results of WAnT, RAST, and PRAST, ICC 95% CI values have a high-reliability coefficient for all variables. It was found there is a positive correlation statistically between WAnT and RAST for all variables (p<0.01). Besides, there were also positive correlations statistically between WAnT-PRAST and RAST-PRAST excluding fatigue index (p<0.01). As a result of this study, it was determined WAnT, RAST, and PRAST have high reliability and are appropriate for child and adolescent athletes in that age group to evaluate anaerobic performance. Although tests have different motion properties, it was determined they have similar results when performed. High correlations between tests and variables support this determination.
Bu çalışmanın amacı; bitkinliğe varan ve kademeli olarak artan
şiddetteki egzersiz sonrasında kanda oluşan laktat düzeylerinin cinsiyete
göre değişimini incelemektir. Çalışmaya gönüllü olan ve ...araştırmaya dâhil
edilme kriterlerine göre (18-20 yaş aralığında, benzer antrenman geçmişine,
normal vücut kütle indeksi değerlerine (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) ve egzersiz
öncesi normal laktat düzeyine sahip olan (<2 mmol)); 70
erkek (yaş:19.15±0.06 yıl; boy: 177.64±6.62 cm ve ağırlık: 67.99±6.52 kg) ve
30 kadın (yaş: 18.98±0.11 yıl; boy: 168.51±6.50 cm ve ağırlık: 58.16±7.34
kg) katılmıştır. Maksimal aerobik gücü belirlemek ve kademeli olarak artan
şiddette egzersiz uygulamak üzere 20 m mekik testi uygulanmıştır. Kan laktat
konsantrasyonları aerobik performans testinden önce ve hemen sonrasında kulak
memesinden alınmıştır. Erkeklerin 20 m mekik testi değerlerine göre hesaplanan
aerobik güçleri beklenildiği şekilde kadınlara göre daha yüksek olarak tespit
edilmiştir (53.44±2.29 ml.kg-1.dk-1 karşın
43.35±4.95 ml.kg-1.dk-1, p<0.001). Maksimal oksijen
tüketimi değerleri erkeklerde daha yüksek bulunmasına karşın, maksimal aerobik
performanstan sonraki laktat seviyelerinin kadın ve erkekler arasında benzer
olduğu görülmüştür (9.90±1.95 mmol/l karşın 9.46±1.69 mmol/l, p=0.28).
Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, erkeklerin aerobik
kapasitelerinin ve egzersiz performanslarının kadınlara göre yüksek olmasıyla
birlikte, kanda biriken laktat düzeyleri benzerlik göstermektedir. Kadın ve
erkeklerin maksimal egzersizden sonraki laktat düzeyleri arasında anlamlı
farklılık tespit edilememiştir.
The aim of this study was to examine the differences of blood lactate
levels in response to incremental exhausting exercise according to gender. 70
men (mean ± SD: age:19.15±0.06 years; height:177.64±6.62 cm and weight: 67.99±6.52
kg) and 30 women (age: 18.98 ± 0.11 years; height:168.51±6.50 cm and weight:
58.16±7.34 kg) aged 18-20 who had similar training history, normal body mass
index values (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and normal lactate level in
pre-exercise (<2 mmol) were included in this study. A 20 m shuttle test was used to determine
maximal aerobic power. Blood lactate concentrations were taken from the earlobe
before and immediately after the aerobic performance test. The aerobic power
values of males were higher than females as expected. (53.44±2.29 ml.kg-1.dk-1
versus 43.35±4.95 ml.kg-1.dk-1, p<0.001). Although maximal oxygen
consumption values were found higher in males, it was seemed that the lactate
levels were similar between groups after maximal aerobic performance (9.90±1.95
mmol/l vs 9.46±1.69 mmol/l, p=0.28). Our results indicate that, even
if aerobic capacity and exercise performance of males was higher than females,
they have similar blood lactate levels. There was no significant
difference between peak lactate levels of males and females.
Anaerobic performance is considered an indicator of performance for short-term muscle activities of high intensity. It is important to determine whether different anaerobic field tests performed to ...measure anaerobic performance can be used as an alternative to WAnT performed in the laboratory. The study aimed to compare the anaerobic performance with laboratory and field tests in trained children. One-hundred four athletes between the ages of 10 and 16, minimum age of training of one year in different sports voluntarily participated in the study. Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) was performed as the reference test. Besides, Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) and Pediatric RAST (PRAST) were performed to determine anaerobic performance. Peak power (PP), average power (AP), minimum power (MP), fatigue index (FI) and total exercise time (TED) were determined for each test. All variables of WAnT, RAST, and PRAST were significantly different (p<0.01). According to test-retest results of all tests, ICC 95% CI values have a high-reliability coefficient for all variables. It was found there is a high correlation significantly between WAnT and RAST for all variables (p<0.01). Besides, there were also high correlations significantly between WAnT-PRAST and RAST-PRAST excluding fatigue index (p<0.01). As a result of this study, it was determined all tests have high reliability. Considering that WAnT requires complex, expensive device and tools, trained staff and is performed in the form of cycling in the laboratory, RAST and PRAST performed with body weight in field conditions can be used to determine anaerobic performance in trained children. High correlations between tests support this determination.
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