Purpose of the Review
The aim of this review is to discuss recent data pointing at an involvement of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset and progression.
Recent ...Findings
The envelope protein of HERV-W family, named HERV-W-Env, was detected in pancreata from T1D patients and was shown to display pro-inflammatory properties and direct toxicity toward pancreatic beta cells.
Summary
The etiopathogenesis of T1D remains elusive, even if conventional environmental viral infections have been recurrently involved. Nonetheless, a new category of pathogens may provide the missing link between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors long thought to contribute to T1D onset. A number of studies have now shown that HERV sequences, which are normally inactivated or repressed in the human genome, could be activated by environmental viruses. Thus, if similarly activated by viruses associated with T1D, disregarded HERV genes may underlie T1D genetic susceptibility. Moreover, once expressed, HERV elements may display broad pathogenic properties, which identify them as potential new therapeutic targets.
We report specific heat, magnetic, and muon spin relaxation measurements performed on a polycrystalline sample of the normal spinel CdHo sub(2) S sub(4). The rare-earth ions sit on a lattice of ...corner-sharing regular tetrahedra as in pyrochlore compounds. Magnetic ordering is detected at T sub(c) Asymptotically = to 0.87 K. From spin-lattice relaxation rate measurements on both sides of T sub(c) we uncover similar magnetic excitation modes driving the so-called persistent spin dynamics at T < T sub(c). Unidimensional excitations are argued to be at its origin. Often observed spin loop structures are suggested to support these excitations. The possibility of a generic mechanism for their existence is discussed.
We report measurements performed on a polycrystalline sample of the pyrochlore compound Nd2Sn2O7. It undergoes a second order magnetic phase transition at T-c approximate to 0.91 K to a noncoplanar ...all-in-all-out magnetic structure of the Nd3+ magnetic moments. The thermal behavior of the low temperature specific heat fingerprints excitations with linear dispersion in a three-dimensional lattice. The temperature independent spin-lattice relaxation rate measured below T-c and the anomalously slow paramagnetic spin dynamics detected up to approximate to 30T(c) are suggested to be due to magnetic short-range correlations in unidimensional spin clusters, i.e., spin loops. The observation of a spontaneous field in muon spin relaxation measurements is associated with the absence of a divergence-free field for the ground state of an all-in-all-out pyrochlore magnet as predicted recently.
The laboratory of Bertin Pharma works in the field of pharmacy, biotechnologies, cosmetics and nutrition (GLP & GMP). It is specialized in bioanalysis, formulation analysis, pesticide assays, and ...membrane protein quantification.
•We study wind and solar resource in Guadeloupe (FWI).•Weibull distributions reveal a nocturnal radiative layer blocking wind at airport.•We provide monthly and annual irradiations, horizontal and ...tilted, for four sites.•Five Linke turbidity coefficient calculation methods are reviewed and compared.
Guadeloupean archipelago must reach energy autonomy in 2030 and include at least 50% of renewables in 2020, where wind and photovoltaics can play a significant role. Still, Guadeloupe gathers a lot of landscapes having great impact on wind and solar resource. Study of three 10-years database and one 5-year database locates a nocturnal radiative layer above the airport meteorological station, drastically limiting the wind potential there, and gives all the irradiation components (monthly sums) and therefore key parameters for photovoltaic energy yield. This paper also points out the underestimation of Linke turbidity coefficient in the airport station with Solar Radiation Database (SoDa), compared to ground-based determination, and calculates the value of this coefficient for three stations across Guadeloupe. All those parameters are discussed, as being of importance to make fair predictions of statistical relationships involving preliminary assessment and modeling of wind and solar energy systems. These results can then be used in neighboring countries, Guadeloupe having various meteorological conditions retrieved in Caribbean.
•Cumin flavor is partially transferred from the pregnant ewe‘s diet to amniotic fluid•Prenatal cumin flavor experience drives lambs’ acceptance of flavored artificial milk
The present study examined ...in lambs whether exposure to flavors derived from pregnant mother‘s diet and transferred to amniotic fluid (AF) could induce a preference for artificial milk containing one of these flavors. To test this hypothesis, cumin was added to the maternal diet in the last month of gestation. Preference for artificial milk containing p-cymene, one of the chemosensory compounds of cumin, was tested within the first two days after birth in maternally deprived lambs born from mothers fed a cumin-flavored diet (Cumin group), or an unflavored diet (Control group). Aromatic profile of AF from cumin-fed mothers was analyzed by GC-MS/MS to determine whether p-cymene could be detected. While the control group avoided the flavored artificial milk on day 1, the Cumin group did not and showed a preference for the cumin-scented formula on day 2. GC-MS/MS profile of AF revealed that four of the main volatile cumin compounds, p-cymene, p-cymenene, β-pinene and γ-terpinene were present in variable amounts in all samples, p-cymene being the most frequently detected. These findings indicate that newborn lambs can memorize flavors from the mother's diet present in AF and that prenatal experience influences their preference for an artificial milk containing one specific flavor.
Southern South American Proteaceae thrive on young volcanic substrates, which are extremely low in plant-available phosphorus (P). Most Proteaceae exhibit a nutrient-acquisition strategy based on the ...release of carboxylates from specialized roots, named cluster roots (CR). Some Proteaceae colonize young volcanic substrates which has been related to CR functioning. However, physiological functioning of other Proteaceae on recent volcanic substrates is unknown. We conducted an experiment with seedlings of five Proteaceae (
,
,
,
, and
) grown in three volcanic materials. Two of them are substrates with very low nutrient concentrations, collected from the most recent deposits of the volcanoes Choshuenco and Calbuco (Chile). The other volcanic material corresponds to a developed soil that exhibits a high nutrient availability. We assessed morphological responses (i.e., height, biomass, and CR formation), seed and leaf macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations and carboxylates exuded by roots. The results show that
was less affected by nutrient availability of the volcanic substrate, probably because it had a greater nutrient content in its seeds and produced large CR exuding carboxylates that supported their initial growth.
exhibited greater total plant height and leaf P concentration than
species. In general, in all species leaf macronutrient concentrations were reduced on nutrient-poor volcanic substrates, while leaf micronutrient concentrations were highly variable depending on species and volcanic material. We conclude that Proteaceae from temperate rainforests differ in their capacity to grow and acquire nutrients from young and nutrient-poor volcanic substrates. The greater seed nutrient content, low nutrient requirements (only for
) and ability to mobilize nutrients help explain why
and
are better colonizers of recent volcanic substrates than
species.
High-density doxorubicin-conjugated polymeric nanoparticles are prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization and sustained release of nearly 50% of the anticancer agent is observed after 24 h ...in mildly acidic aqueous solution.
Temperature is an important climate factor that has a direct influence on insect biology and consequently a crucial role in forecasting and integrated pest management. The mealybug
Dysmicoccus ...brevipes
(Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the most common species in Brazilian vineyards. Here, development and survival of
D
.
brevipes
on leaves of table grapes (
Vitis vinifera
cv. Itália) were studied at five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 28, and 30 ± 1°C) under laboratory conditions. We investigated the developmental time and nymphal survival, temperature thresholds, and the degree-day requirements for each life stage of
D
.
brevipes
. The developmental time for the nymphal stage ranged from 32 to 130 days with decreasing the temperature, with the temperatures of 28 and 30°C providing the shorter developmental time. Survival of the entire nymphal stage was affected by the temperature, ranging from 81% at 20°C to 1% at 15°C. The predicted upper lethal temperature was 34.5°C, while the optimal temperature was 28.6°C. The minimum threshold for total development of
D
.
brevipes
occurred at 8.2°C.
Dysmicoccus brevipes
required 678.4 degree-days to complete development from first-instar nymph to adult. The temperature of 30°C was the most suitable for the development of
D
.
brevipes.
The thermal thresholds estimated for
D
.
brevipes
life cycle suggest that this species can develop in different table grape-producing regions of Brazil, in a temperature range between 8 and 35°C.
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