L’étude relève de l’analyse du discours en contexte médical et s’intéresse aux interactions verbales en milieu hospitalier. Elle explore un ensemble de consultations enregistrées à l’hôpital de La ...Cavale Blanche (Brest) anticipant une intervention de neurochirurgie éveillée (NCE) dont le but est la résection de tumeurs cérébrales. Les modalités de la NCE – justifiées par la nécessité de s’appuyer sur les rétroactions d’un patient conscient, et même acteur, pour optimiser le geste chirurgical – exigent de l’équipe soignante une attention particulière à l’accompagnement et à la préparation du patient. Dans ce cadre, est décryptée la manière dont « la pathologie est désignée ». Il s’agit de saisir comment les discours sur la pathologie contribuent à construire une relation thérapeutique relevant du partenariat. L’analyse souligne la complémentarité des rôles des différents soignants mise au service de (i) l’acceptation de la maladie et du statut/rôle de patient; (ii) la préparation, sur les plans opérationnel comme psychologique, de l’intervention de NCE; (iii) la verbalisation, voire le désamorçage, des appréhensions relativement à la maladie et au protocole chirurgical.
Teeth and dentitions contain many morphological characters which give them a particularly important weight in comparative anatomy, systematics, physiology and ecology. As teeth are organs that ...contain the hardest mineralized tissues vertebrates can produce, their fossil remains are abundant and the study of their anatomy in fossil specimens is of major importance in evolutionary biology. Comparative anatomy has long favored studies of dental characters rather than features associated with tooth attachment and implantation. Here we review a large part of the historical and modern work on the attachment, implantation and replacement of teeth in Amniota. We propose synthetic definitions or redefinitions of most commonly used terms, some of which have led to confusion and conflation of terminology. In particular, there has long been much conflation between dental implantation that strictly concerns the geometrical aspects of the tooth-bone interface, and the nature of the dental attachment, which mostly concerns the histological features occurring at this interface. A second aim of this work was to evaluate the diversity of tooth attachment, implantation and replacement in extant and extinct amniotes in order to derive hypothetical evolutionary trends in these different dental traits over time. Continuous dental replacement prevails within amniotes, replacement being drastically modified only in Mammalia and when dental implantation is acrodont. By comparison, dental implantation frequently and rapidly changes at various taxonomic scales and is often homoplastic. This contrasts with the conservatism in the identity of the tooth attachment tissues (cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone), which were already present in the earliest known amniotes. Because the study of dental attachment requires invasive histological investigations, this trait is least documented and therefore its evolutionary history is currently poorly understood. Finally, it is essential to go on collecting data from all groups of amniotes in order to better understand and consequently better define dental characters.
This study deals with meaning construction in idiomatic phrases (locutions figées/figements). We focus on three French idioms involving the word cœur (à contrecœur, de bon cœur, de tout cœur). To ...begin, we give a brief account of idiomaticity’s typical criteria, insisting on the common idea that idioms are semantically opaque (non-compositional): their meanings are not a combination of literal meanings (Gross 1996). We argue that another point of view is productive. Indeed, using the notion of “holistic compositionality” (Gosselin 2013), we investigate the way meaning may arise from the combination of words’ abstract semantic contributions (compositionality principle) and take shape contextually (contextuality principle). The primary goal of the study is to analyze the meaning of à contrecœur, de bon cœur, de tout cœur using this approach – which happens to be more accurate than the literal meaning combination approach. To achieve this goal for each of these three idioms: (1) we examine a sample of 200 utterances (and the contexts in which they occur) coming from a large data-source (frWaC) and (2) we take advantage of previous semantic descriptions of cœur (Bertin 2018, 2019), contre (Amiot & De Mulder 2003; Paillard 2003), bon (Katz 1964) and tout (Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot 1995). These two methodological tools shed light on the operation of the semantic mechanism and emphasize the relevance of the “holistic compositionality” approach when applied to idioms’ meaning construction.
Cette étude prolonge un travail de recherche sur la signification des noms des parties du corps humain (Npc) (Bertin, 2018). On s'intéresse à la construction illustrée par Colin a le front de venir à ...cette réunion (NPV). Après un inventaire des Npc compatibles avec NPV, on procède à une analyse sémantique : d'une part, on cerne le sens de NPV (en se focalisant sur la contribution du Npc) et, d'autre part, on tire profit de cette première étape pour l'analyse sémantique des Npc eux-mêmes.
Cet article vise principalement à caractériser « l'identité sémantique » du nom bouche . Une divergence lexicographique concernant la compatibilité sémantique des noms bouche et tunnel sert de point ...de départ. En effet, l'idée est de comprendre ce désaccord en s'appuyant sur une analyse sémantique de bouche . Après avoir évoqué les cadres théorique et méthodologique dans lesquels s'ancre ce travail, nous étudions le nom bouche envisagé comme une unité linguistique polysémique. Dans un premier temps, nous explorons le potentiel de variation sémantique de ce nom pour en décrire les différentes acceptions. Puis, à partir de deux acceptions considérées comme principales, nous construisons l'analyse dans la perspective de mettre au jour un invariant sémantique pour le nom bouche . Un bilan de cette analyse conduit à proposer une réponse à la question : les tunnels ont-ils des bouches ?
Do tunnels have bouches (in French) ? Mainly, this article aims at depicting “the semantic identity” of the French noun bouche (mouth). A lexicographic divergence about the semantic affinity between bouche and the French noun tunnel provides a starting point. Indeed, the idea is to figure out this disagreement by the means of a semantic description of bouche . In section 1, we give some clues about the theoretical and methodological frames of our work. Then, we describe the noun bouche viewed as a polysemic word. At first, we investigate this noun's different meanings in order to set its different acceptations (or acceptions ). Secondly, we build a semantic analysis, rooted in two main acceptations, aiming at discovering a semantic invariant suiting the noun bouche . A conclusion about this analysis leads to answer the question : in French, do tunnels have bouches ?
Shellfish accumulate microalgal toxins, which can make them unsafe for human consumption. In France, in accordance with EU regulations, three groups of marine toxins are currently under official ...monitoring: lipophilic toxins, saxitoxins, and domoic acid. Other unregulated toxin groups are also present in European shellfish, including emerging lipophilic and hydrophilic marine toxins (e.g., pinnatoxins, brevetoxins) and the neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). To acquire data on emerging toxins in France, the monitoring program EMERGTOX was set up along the French coasts in 2018. Three new broad-spectrum LC-MS/MS methods were developed to quantify regulated and unregulated lipophilic and hydrophilic toxins and the BMAA group in shellfish (bivalve mollusks and gastropods). A single-laboratory validation of each of these methods was performed. Additionally, these specific, reliable, and sensitive operating procedures allowed the detection of groups of EU unregulated toxins in shellfish samples from French coasts: spirolides (SPX-13-DesMeC, SPX-DesMeD), pinnatoxins (PnTX-G, PnTX-A), gymnodimines (GYM-A), brevetoxins (BTX-2, BTX-3), microcystins (dmMC-RR, MC-RR), anatoxin, cylindrospermopsin and BMAA/DAB. Here, we present essentially the results of the unregulated toxins obtained from the French EMERGTOX monitoring plan during the past five years (2018–2022). Based on our findings, we outline future needs for monitoring to protect consumers from emerging unregulated toxins.
From January 2011 to March 2018, 26 patients aged from 20 to 80 years old reported being sick in France after eating sea figs of the genus
. The patients had symptoms evoking a cerebellar syndrome: ...blurred or double vision, ataxia and dizziness, asthenia, headache, muscle cramps, paresthesia and digestive disorders (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea). Three of the 18 food poisoning events recorded by the Poison Control Center in Marseille and involving four patients were further investigated as the meal leftovers were collected and analyzed. A previous study ruled out the presence of the regulated lipophilic marine toxins after high-resolution mass spectrometry, but further analyses were required to look for hydrophilic cyanotoxins. The sea fig leftovers from food poisoning case Numbers 1 (January 2011), 6 (December 2012) and 17 (March 2018) of this published case series were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry to investigate the presence of hydrophilic cyanotoxins. The sea fig samples showed anatoxin-a (ATX-a) concentrations ranging from 193.7 to 1240.2 µg/kg. The sea fig control sample analyzed was also contaminated with ATX-a but in a much smaller concentration (22.5 µg/kg). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of human food poisoning involving ATX-a as the possible causative toxin where the cyanotoxin could be unequivocally identified.
Three-dimensional printing is a technology that has been developed and applied in several medical specialties, especially orthopedic surgery. Knee arthroplasty is the most commonly performed ...procedure. To fit the morphology of each knee, surgeons can choose between different standardized off-the-shelf implant sizes or opt for customized 3D-printed implants. However, routine adoption of the latter has been slow and faces several barriers. Existing studies focus on technical improvements or case studies and do not directly address the surgeon's perspective. Our study invited surgeons to express themselves freely and answer the question "What do you think about the manufacture of a prosthesis by 3D printing?". The questionnaire was completed by 90 surgeons. On average, they had more than 10 years of experience (52, 57.8% ± 10.2%), worked in public hospitals (54, 60% ± 10.1%), and performed between 0 and 100 prostheses per year (60, 66.7% ± 9.7%). They also reported not using planning software (47, 52.2% ± 9.7%), navigation systems, or robots (62, 68.9% ± 9.6%). Regarding the use of technological innovation, they agreed on the extra surgical time needed (67, 74.4% ± 9.0%). The answers obtained were classified according to two criteria: (i) opinions, and (ii) motivations. Among the respondents, 51 (70% ± 9.5%) had positive and 22 (30% ± 9.5%) had negative opinions about 3D printing. The motivations were distributed among seven categories (surgery, materials, costs, logistics, time, customization, and regulatory) and mainly related to "pre-surgery" and "post-surgery" concerns. Finally, the results showed that the use of navigation systems or robots may be associated with a more positive view of 3DP. The purpose of our study was to examine knee surgeons' perceptions of 3DP at a time of significant expansion of this technology. Our study showed that there was no opposition to its implementation, although some surgeons indicated that they were waiting for validated results. They also questioned the entire supply chain, including hospitals, insurance companies, and manufacturers. Although there was no opposition to its implementation, 3D printing is at a crucial point in its development and its full adoption will require advances in all areas of joint replacement.
Review of: « Le mot dans la langue et dans le discours : la construction du sens » ("The word in the language and in discourse: the construction of meaning ”)This study deals with meaning ...construction in idiomatic phrases (locutions figées/figements). We focus on three French idioms involving the word cœur (à contrecœur, de bon cœur, de tout cœur). To begin, we give a brief account of idiomaticity’s typical criteria, insisting on the common idea that idioms are semantically opaque (noncompositional): their meanings are not a combination of literal meanings (Gross 1996). We argue that another point of view is productive. Indeed, using the notion of “holistic compositionality” (Gosselin 2013), we investigate the way meaning may arise from the combination of words’ abstract semantic contributions (compositionality principle) and take shape contextually (contextuality principle). The primary goal of the study is to analyze the meaning of à contrecœur, de bon cœur, de tout cœur using this approach – which happens to be more accurate than the literal meaning combination approach. To achieve this goal for each of these three idioms: (1) we examine a sample of 200 utterances (and the contexts in which they occur) coming from a large data-source (frWaC) and (2) we take advantage of previous semantic descriptions of cœur (Bertin 2018, 2019), contre (Amiot & De Mulder 2003; Paillard 2003), bon (Katz 1964) and tout (Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot 1995). These two methodological tools shed light on the operation of the semantic mechanism and emphasize the relevance of the “holistic compositionality” approach when applied to idioms’ meaning construction.
Cette étude prolonge un travail de recherche sur la signification des noms des parties du corps humain (N
pc
) (Bertin, 2018). On s'intéresse à la construction illustrée par Colin a le front de venir ...à cette réunion (NPV). Après un inventaire des N
pc
compatibles avec NPV, on procède à une analyse sémantique : d'une part, on cerne le sens de NPV (en se focalisant sur la contribution du N
pc
) et, d'autre part, on tire profit de cette première étape pour l'analyse sémantique des N
pc
eux-mêmes.
Colin a le front de venir à cette réunion.
A body-part term (N
pc
) construction.
This study follows a research on N
pc
semantics (Bertin, 2018). We deal with utterances such as Colin a le front de venir à cette réunion. At first, we identify Npc fitting this construction. Then, we figure out its meaning with a focus on the N
pc
semantic contribution. At last, we give an insight into consequences on body-part terms semantic analysis.
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