Increased focus on curbing carbon dioxide (CO
2) emissions and a limited and unstable supply of fossil fuel resources make diversification of energy resources a priority. Hydrogen has emerged as a ...promising energy vector for solving these issues. However, there are numerous challenges related to production, distribution and end use of hydrogen. Of particular importance is the link between hydrogen purity requirements for use in fuel cells and the capabilities of production. Impurities can adversely affect fuel cell performance and durability, and the fuel composition must therefore be carefully controlled. However, impurity specifications should be balanced against production and purification costs. This paper examines the effects of impurities on fuel cell performance and assesses the capabilities of hydrogen production from decarbonized fossil fuels to meet the purity requirements dictated by use in fuel cells. While carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia impurities are shown to most negatively affect fuel cell performance, these species are also the most easily removed during purification. In hydrogen production from decarbonized fossil fuels, inert gases are the most limiting species in the separation. If inert gas specifications were relaxed, then carbon monoxide would become the most limiting factor.
Fast Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) are now being studied for the high-spatial resolution and high readout speed vertex detector which will be required for the future International Linear ...Collider (ILC). A 32×128 pixels prototype chip has been developed on the 0.25
μm CMOS TSMC digital process. Combined with in-pixel amplification, in-pixel correlated double sampling (CDS) operation is realized. An auto-zero discriminator is implemented at the end of each column. The power consumption of each column is about 430
μW (pixel+discriminator). The chip is optimized to operate with a readout speed of 20
μs/frame. Beam tests with high energy electrons show that detection efficiency is around 98%.
Neutron-induced effects have been studied in Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) designed at CEA/Saclay and IPHC/Strasbourg.
55Fe X-rays were used to assess the detection capabilities. The ...pedestals and the temporal noise were studied together with the charge collection efficiency. The results are compared to estimations of the deep trap introduction rates. For neutron-integrated fluxes up to 10
12
cm
−2, these MAPS are weakly degraded by irradiation.
Aims. The Galileon theory belongs to the class of modified gravity models that can explain the late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe. In previous works, cosmological constraints on the ...Galileon model were derived, both in the uncoupled case and with a disformal coupling of the Galileon field to matter. There, we showed that these models agree with the most recent cosmological data. In this work, we used updated cosmological data sets to derive new constraints on Galileon models, including the case of a constant conformal Galileon coupling to matter. We also explored the tracker solution of the uncoupled Galileon model. Methods. After updating our data sets, especially with the latest Planck data and baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, we fitted the cosmological parameters of the LambdaCDM and Galileon models. The same analysis framework as in our previous papers was used to derive cosmological constraints, using precise measurements of cosmological distances and of the cosmic structure growth rate. Results. We show that all tested Galileon models are as compatible with cosmological data as the LambdaCDM model. This means that present cosmological data are not accurate enough to distinguish clearly between the two theories. Among the different Galileon models, we find that a conformal coupling is not favoured, contrary to the disformal coupling which is preferred at the 2.3sigma level over the uncoupled case. The tracker solution of the uncoupled Galileon model is also highly disfavoured owing to large tensions with supernovae and Planck+BAO data. However, outside of the tracker solution, the general uncoupled Galileon model, as well as the general disformally coupled Galileon model, remain the most promising Galileon scenarios to confront with future cosmological data. Finally, we also discuss constraints coming from the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment and gravitational wave speed of propagation.
The objectives of this study were to determine local recurrence rate, clinical outcome, and prognostic value of the number of argyrophylic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), presence of ...proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and number of Ki‐67‐positive nuclei after incomplete surgical excision of canine cutaneous grade II mast cell tumors (MCTs). This retrospective study included 30 MCTs in 28 dogs. Medical records were examined and follow‐up information was obtained from owners and referring veterinarians. Only cases in which excision was incomplete and no anvcillary therapy (other than prednisone) for MCT was given were included. Paraffin‐embedded tumor tissues were retrieved for AgNORs, PCNA, and Ki‐67 staining. Median follow‐up time was 811.5 days. Seven (23.3%) tumors recurred locally. Median time to local recurrence was not reached with a mean of 1,713 days. The estimated proportions of tumors that recurred locally at 1,2, and 5 years were 17.3, 22.1, and 33.3%, respectively. Eleven (39.3%) dogs developed MCTs at other cutaneous locations. Median progression‐free survival was 1,044 days. Median overall survival was 1,426 days. The combination of Ki‐67 and PCNA scores was prognostic for local recurrence (P= .03) and development of local recurrence was prognostic for decreased overall survival (P= .04). Results suggest that a minority of incompletely excised MCTs recur. Therefore, ancillary local therapies may not always be necessary. However, local recurrence can negatively affect survival of the affected dogs. Cellular proliferation indices may indicate the likelihood of MCT recurrence after incomplete excision.
The average glass transition temperatures, Tg, of thin homopolymer films exhibit a thickness dependence, Tg(h), associated with a confinement effect and with polymer-segment-interface interactions. ...The Tg's of completely miscible thin film blends of tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonate (TMPC) and deuterated polystyrene (dPS), supported by SiO(x)/Si, decrease with decreasing h for PS weight fractions phi >0.1. This dependence is similar to that of PS and opposite to that of TMPC thin films. Based on an assessment of Tg(h, phi), we suggest that the Tg(h, phi) of miscible blends should be rationalized, additionally, in terms of the notion of a self-concentration and associated heterogeneous component dynamics.
La créativité prend une place de plus en plus importante dans notre société et il est donc important de l’évaluer afin d’encourager son développement, et ceci, dès le plus jeune âge. La créativité ...est la capacité à générer des productions originales et adaptées dans leur contexte. Cet article présente le concept de haut potentiel créatif qui se distingue de celui de haut potentiel intellectuel. Nous présentons ensuite la batterie d’Évaluation du Potentiel Créatif (EPoC) qui permet d’évaluer le potentiel créatif dans deux types de pensée (divergente-exploratoire vs convergente-intégrative), et ceci dans plusieurs champs d’application (verbal-littéraire vs graphique-artistique). Les normes de cette batterie ont été développées auprès d’enfants scolarisés en école élémentaire et de nouvelles normes sont en cours de développement pour les élèves de collège (pour les domaines d’application verbal-littéraire, graphique-artistique et social). L’intérêt de cette batterie pour les psychologues et psychiatres est discuté dans le contexte du bilan psychologique et le suivi thérapeutique.
Creativity is increasingly important in our society, so it is important to evaluate it and develop it from the youngest age. Creativity refers to the ability to generate productions that are original and meaningful in their production-based context. This article presents the concept of high creative potential, which can be distinguished from high intellectual potential. We then present the Evaluation of Creative Potential (EPoC) battery, which allows creative potential to be measured in two types of thinking (divergent-exploratory vs. convergent-integrative) in several domains of application (verbal-literary vs. graphic-artistic). Norms for elementary school children are available, and new norms are under development for middle school children (for applications within the fields of verbal-literary, graphic-artistic and social domains). The interest of this battery for psychologists and psychiatrists is discussed in the context of both the psychological assessment and therapeutic tracking.
The vesicular gastric H,K-ATPase catalyzes an electroneutral H for K exchange allowing acidification of the intravesicular space. There is a total of 28 cysteines present in the α subunit of the ...gastric H,K-ATPase, of which 10 are found in the predicted transmembrane segments and their connecting loop, and 9 are present in the β subunit, of which 6 are disulfide-linked. To determine which of these was accessible to extracytoplasmic attack, the enzyme was inhibited by four different substituted 2-pyridylmethylsulfinyl benzimidazoles, 5-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methylsulfinyl-1H-benzimidazole (omeprazole), 2-(4-trifluoroethoxy-3-methyl-2-pyridyl)methylsulfinyl-1H-benzimidazole (lansoprazole), 5-difluoromethoxy-2-3,4-methoxy-2-pyridyl)methylsulfinyl-1H-benzimidazole (pantoprazole), and 2-(4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methyl)-2-pyridyl)methylsulfinyl-1H-benzimidazole (rabeprazole), under acid transporting conditions. All of these compounds are weak bases that accumulate in the acidic space generated by the pump and undergo an acid catalyzed rearrangement to a cationic sulfenamide, which forms disulfides with accessible cysteines. The relative rates of acid activation of these compounds corresponded to the relative rates of inhibition of ATPase activity and acid transport. Fragmentation of the enzyme by trypsin followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that omeprazole bound covalently to one of the two cysteines in the domains containing the fifth and sixth transmembrane segments and their extracytoplasmic loop and to cysteine 892 in the loop between the seventh and eighth transmembrane segments, but inhibition correlated with the reaction with cysteines in the fifth and sixth domain. Lansoprazole bound to the cysteines in these two domains as well as to cysteine 321 toward the extracytoplasmic end of the third transmembrane segments. Pantoprazole bound only to either cysteine 813 or 822 in the fifth and sixth transmembrane region. The inhibition of Rabeprazole correlated also with its binding to this part of the protein, but this compound continued to bind after full inhibition, eventually binding also to cysteines 321 and 892. No binding was found to any of the cysteines in the seventh to tenth transmembrane segments. Thermolysin digestion of the isolated omeprazole-labeled fifth and sixth transmembrane pair showed that cysteine 813 was the site of labeling. It is concluded that binding of these sided reagents to cysteine 813 in the loop between transmembrane (TM)5 and TM6 is sufficient for inhibition of ATPase activity and acid transport by the gastric acid pump. Of the 10 cysteines present in the membrane and extracytoplasmic domain, only three are exposed sufficiently to allow reactivity with these cationic thiol reagents. The binding to cysteine 813 defines the location of the extracytoplasmic loop between TM5 and TM6 and places the carboxylic acids 820 and 824 conserved between the gastric H,K- and the Na,K-ATPases in TM6, consistent with their assumed role in cation binding.
![Constraining the [Lambda]CD...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0004-6361/small "Constraining the [Lambda]CDM and Galileon models with recent cosmological data")
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