Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of aging and life expectancy have been studied in model organisms with short lifespans. However, long-lived species may provide insights into successful strategies ...for healthy aging, potentially opening the door for novel therapeutic interventions in age-related diseases. Notably, naked mole-rats, the longest-lived rodent, present attenuated aging phenotypes compared with mice. Their resistance toward oxidative stress has been proposed as one hallmark of their healthy aging, suggesting their ability to maintain cell homeostasis, specifically their protein homeostasis. To identify the general principles behind their protein homeostasis robustness, we compared the aggregation propensity and mutation tolerance of naked mole-rat and mouse orthologous proteins. Our analysis showed no proteome-wide differential effects in aggregation propensity and mutation tolerance between these species, but several subsets of proteins with a significant difference in aggregation propensity. We found an enrichment of proteins with higher aggregation propensity in naked mole-rat, and these are functionally involved in the inflammasome complex and nucleic acid binding. On the other hand, proteins with lower aggregation propensity in naked mole-rat have a significantly higher mutation tolerance compared with the rest of the proteins. Among them, we identified proteins known to be associated with neurodegenerative and age-related diseases. These findings highlight the intriguing hypothesis about the capacity of the naked mole-rat proteome to delay aging through its proteomic intrinsic architecture.
Abstracts
Germ line specification is essential in sexually reproducing organisms. Despite their critical role, the evolutionary history of the genes that specify animal germ cells is heterogeneous ...and dynamic. In many insects, the gene oskar is required for the specification of the germ line. However, the germ line role of oskar is thought to be a derived role resulting from co-option from an ancestral somatic role. To address how evolutionary changes in protein sequence could have led to changes in the function of Oskar protein that enabled it to regulate germ line specification, we searched for oskar orthologs in 1,565 publicly available insect genomic and transcriptomic data sets. The earliest-diverging lineage in which we identified an oskar ortholog was the order Zygentoma (silverfish and firebrats), suggesting that oskar originated before the origin of winged insects. We noted some order-specific trends in oskar sequence evolution, including whole gene duplications, clade-specific losses, and rapid divergence. An alignment of all known 379 Oskar sequences revealed new highly conserved residues as candidates that promote dimerization of the LOTUS domain. Moreover, we identified regions of the OSK domain with conserved predicted RNA binding potential. Furthermore, we show that despite a low overall amino acid conservation, the LOTUS domain shows higher conservation of predicted secondary structure than the OSK domain. Finally, we suggest new key amino acids in the LOTUS domain that may be involved in the previously reported Oskar−Vasa physical interaction that is required for its germ line role.
Featured Cover Zane, Flaminia; Bouzid, Hayet; Sosa Marmol, Sofia ...
Aging Cell,
11/2023, Letnik:
22, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cover legend: The cover image is based on the Research Article Smurfness‐based two‐phase model of ageing helps deconvolve the ageing transcriptional signature by Flaminia Zane et al., ...https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13946 Image Credit: Michael Rera and Aurore Colibert
Abstract
Ageing is characterised at the molecular level by six transcriptional ‘hallmarks of ageing’, that are commonly described as progressively affected as time passes. By contrast, the ‘Smurf’ ...assay separates high‐and‐constant‐mortality risk individuals from healthy, zero‐mortality risk individuals, based on increased intestinal permeability. Performing whole body total RNA sequencing, we found that Smurfness distinguishes transcriptional changes associated with chronological age from those associated with biological age. We show that transcriptional heterogeneity increases with chronological age in non‐Smurf individuals preceding the other five hallmarks of ageing that are specifically associated with the Smurf state. Using this approach, we also devise targeted pro‐longevity genetic interventions delaying entry in the Smurf state. We anticipate that increased attention to the evolutionary conserved Smurf phenotype will bring about significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of ageing.
Parmi les différents acteurs impliqués dans le dogme de la biologie moléculaire, les protéines sont des unités biologiques fonctionnelles contribuant à de nombreux processus biologiques. Dans la ...compréhension de la relation génotype-phénotype, il est important d’étudier l'influence de gènes, ou de variants génétiques, sur des mécanismes moléculaires spécifiques, permettant d’expliquer la variance phénotypique de traits dits complexes. Dans cette thèse nous allons démontrer l’intérêt de proposer différentes stratégies bio-informatiques protéome-centrées pour l’étude de phénotypes complexes. Dans une première étude, nous mettons en avant comment l'utilisation de la génomique comparative, couplée à l'analyse de la propension d'agrégation des protéines, permet d'identifier certains groupes de protéines avec des différences significatives entre espèces dans leurs propriétés intrinsèques contribuant à la protéostase cellulaire. Ce mécanisme est proposé dans cette thèse comme hypothèse de travail pour étudier les différences d'espérance de vie chez les rongeurs: ce travail est réalisée sur deux espèces phylogénétiquement proches, le rat taupe-nu et la souris, mais possédant des différences phénotypiques dans le contexte du vieillissement. Dans une seconde étude, nous proposons une nouvelle méthodologie s'appuyant sur l'étude quantitative des réseaux d'interaction protéine-protéine afin d'identifier les déterminants génétiques qui seraient responsables de la variation de ces interactions, suite à une stimulation médicamenteuse dans une population de levures génétiquement diversifiées. Ces travaux de recherche étudient le protéome et ses interactions et permettent de proposer une abstraction originale des phénotypes complexes.
Among the different actors involved in the dogma of molecular biology, proteins are functional biological units contributing to many biological processes. In the understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship, it is important to study the influence of genes, or genetic variants, on specific molecular mechanisms, allowing to explain the phenotypic variance of so-called complex traits. In this thesis we will demonstrate the interest of proposing different proteome-centric bioinformatics strategies for the study of complex phenotypes. In a first study, we highlight how the use of comparative genomics, coupled with the analysis of the aggregation propensity of proteins, allows to identify some groups of proteins with significant differences between species in their intrinsic properties contributing to cellular proteostasis. This mechanism is proposed in this thesis as a working hypothesis to study differences in life expectancy in rodents: this work is performed on two phylogenetically related species, the mole rat and the mouse, but with phenotypic differences in the context of aging. In a second study, we propose a new methodology based on the quantitative study of protein-protein interaction networks in order to identify the genetic determinants that would be responsible for the variation of these interactions, following a drug stimulation in a genetically diversified yeast population. This research studies the proteome and its interactions and proposes an original abstraction of complex phenotypes.