Space weathering alters the optical properties of exposed surfaces over time, complicating the interpretation of spectroscopic observations of airless bodies like asteroids, Mercury, and the Moon. ...Solar wind and micrometeoroids are likely the dominant agents of space weathering, but their relative contributions are not yet well understood. Based primarily on Clementine mosaics, we report a previously unrecognized systematic latitudinal variation in the near-infrared spectral properties of the lunar maria and show that the characteristics of this latitudinal trend match those observed at 'lunar swirls', where magnetic fields alter local solar wind flux without affecting the flux of micrometeoroids. We show that the observed latitudinal color variations are not artifacts of phase angle effects and cannot be accounted for by compositional variation alone. We propose that reduced solar wind flux, which should occur both at swirls and toward higher latitudes, is the common mechanism behind these color variations. This model helps us quantify the distinct effects of solar wind and micrometeoroid weathering and could aid in interpreting the spectra of airless bodies throughout the Solar System.
The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review of the literature evaluating the importance of subscapularis repair in patients that underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA).
A ...systematic search of articles in Pubmed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library databases was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. Cohort studies comparing RSA with subscapularis repair versus RSA without subscapularis repair were included. All statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager. A p-value of < 0.5 was considered to be statistically significant.
Seventeen studies with 2620 patients were included. Subscapularis repair resulted in less instability compared to without subscapularis repair (0.8% vs 4.2%, p = 0.04) and there were no significant differences in rate of instability with lateralization (0.6% vs 1.6%, p=0.40), revision rates (2.6% vs 3.9%, p = 0.62) and complication rates (7.7% vs 4.9%, p = 0.21). Subscapularis repair had improved ASES scores (83.6 vs 80.2, p = 0.02) and constant scores (72.6 vs 68.9, p < 0.01) but there was not a significant difference in VAS pain scores (1.2 vs 1.6, p = 0.11). Subscapularis repair had a significant difference in forward flexion (140° vs 137°, p=0.04) and internal rotation score (5.5 vs 4.6 p=0.001) however there was no significant different in external rotation (35° vs 35°, p=0.80) and abduction (117° vs 123°, p = 0.13).
This study found that RSA with subscapularis repair demonstrated a reduction in the occurrence of implant instability with medialized implants. However, subscapularis repair did not yield improvements in revision rates, complications, or instability with lateralized implants. Additionally, other outcome measures such as ASES, Constant score, and range of motion exhibited statistically significant improvements with subscapularis repair but did not surpass clinically significant thresholds.
The purpose of this study is to systematically review the evidence in the literature to ascertain the functional outcomes, recurrence rates, and subsequent revision rates following type V superior ...labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) repair.
Two independent reviewers performed a literature search based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, utilizing the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library Databases. Studies were included if they had clinical outcomes on the patients undergoing type V SLAP repair. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). A P value of <.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Our review found 13 studies, including 451 shoulders meeting our inclusion criteria. The majority of patients were males (89.3%), with an average age of 25.9 years (range 15-58) and a mean follow-up of 53.8 months. The Rowe score was the most utilized functional outcome score, with a weighted mean of 88.5. Additionally, the mean Constant score was 91.0, the mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 88.3, the mean subjective shoulder value score was 85.5%, and the mean visual analog scale pain score was 1.2. The overall rate of return to play was 84.8%, with 80.2% returning to the same level of play. The overall reoperation rate was 6.1%, with a recurrent dislocation rate of 8.2%. In the studies comparing type V SLAP and isolated Bankart repair, there were statistically insignificant differences in visual analog scale pain scores (mean difference; 0.15, 95% confidence interval, −0.13 to 0.44, I2 = 0%, P = .29) and recurrence rates (risk ratio; 1.38, 95% confidence interval, 0.88-2.15, I2 = 0%, P = .16).
Arthroscopic repair of type V SLAP tears results in excellent functional outcomes, with high return to play rates in athletes. There are low rates of reoperations and recurrent dislocations. Additionally, in comparison to an isolated Bankart repair, SLAP repair does not increase recurrence rates or postoperative pain.
The purpose of this study is to systematically review the evidence in the literature to ascertain the functional outcomes, range of motion (ROM), and complication and reoperation rates after revision ...reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for a failed primary total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) or hemiarthroplasty (HA).
Two independent reviewers performed the literature search based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and The Cochrane Library databases. Studies were included if they reported clinical outcomes for revision RSA for a failed primary TSA or HA.
Our review found 23 studies including 1041 shoulders (627 TSA and 414 HA) meeting our inclusion criteria. The majority of patients were female (66.1%), with an average age of 69.0 years (range: 39-93 years) and a mean follow-up of 46.3 months. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and visual analog scale pain scores improved from 32.6 to 61.9 and 6.7 to 2.7, respectively. ROM results include forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation, which improved from 59.4° to 107.7°, 50.7° to 104.4°, and 19.8° to 26.3°, respectively. Only 1 of the 10 studies reporting internal rotation found a statistically significant difference, with the mean internal rotation improving from S1-S3 preoperatively to L4-L5 postoperatively for patients undergoing HA. The overall complication rate and reoperation rate were 23.4% and 12.5%, respectively. The most common complications were glenoid component loosening (6.0%), fracture (periprosthetic, intraoperative, or other scapula fractures) (n = 4.7%), and infection (n = 3.3%).
Revision RSA for a failed primary TSA and HA has been shown to result in excellent functional outcomes and improved ROM, suggesting that patients who have failed TSA or HA may benefit from a revision RSA.
Background:
Videos relating to rehabilitation exercises for common injuries relevant to younger populations such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear receive high view counts on social media ...platforms such as TikTok.
Purpose/Hypothesis:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality, reliability, and educational value of TikTok videos among the patient population for ACL injury. It was hypothesized that TikTok videos related to ACL rehabilitation exercises would lack quality, reliability, and educational value.
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Methods:
TikTok was queried for relevant videos using the hashtags “#ACLrehab” and “#ACLexercises.” For each included video, the type of uploader (general user or health care professional) was identified. In addition, the number of views, likes, shares, comments, and favorites for each included video was recorded, and the content of each video was graded using the DISCERN (a well-validated informational analysis tool) and the ACL exercise education score (ACLEES - a custom-designed tool for the evaluation of ACL-related exercises).
Results:
A total of 111 videos with 5,520,660 cumulative views were included; the median number of views per video was 9801.0 (interquartile range IQR, 3583.0-28,000.0). Of these videos, 84 and 27 were created by the general public and health care professionals, respectively. The videos collectively received 335,577 likes, 2969 comments, 22,856 favorites, and 6142 shares, with a median of 439 (IQR, 111-1374), 10 (IQR, 2.5-25.5), 54 (IQR, 18-172.5), and 12 (IQR, 2-36), respectively. The tabulated scores for the DISCERN and ACLEES between general users and health care professionals were all statistically nonsignificant. Health care professionals had a higher percentage of videos with a “very poor” DISCERN score in comparison with the general public (66.67% vs 53.57%, respectively).
Conclusion:
The overall educational value of the TikTok videos related to ACL rehabilitation exercises was very poor. Health care professionals should be aware of the broad distribution of ACL rehabilitation exercise videos that are accessible on TikTok and raise awareness of the deficiencies of the platform as a medium for educational medical-related information.
Social media platforms, like TikTok, have become popular options for the consumption and distribution of healthcare information. Due to the lack of scientific oversight, the consistency of ...healthcare-related videos has become a focus of the current literature. However, orthopaedic surgery has lagged behind other specialties in acknowledging the widespread utilization of TikTok videos for medical information. This study aims to assess the quality and educational benefits of Achilles tendinopathy-related TikTok videos.
TikTok was queried using the hashtags "#achillestendonexercises”, “achillestendonitisexercises", "achillestendinosisexercises", and "achillestendinopathyexercises". 100 videos (25 for each term) were included after applying the exclusion criteria. The number of views, likes, shares, comments, and favorites was recorded. The content was graded using DISCERN (a well-validated informational analysis tool) and ATEES (a self-designed tool for exercise evaluation).
The total number of views of the 100 videos was 1647,148, with a median of 7562.5 (IQR = 2,281- 19,575). The videos collectively received 73,765 likes, 1125 comments, 14,491 favorites and 6897 shares with a median of 283 (IQR= 73.8–957.8), 7 (IQR= 1.8–16.0), 61.5 (IQR= 8.8–184.3), and 18.5 (IQR= 2.0–49.8), respectively. General users uploaded slightly less (48%) when compared to healthcare professionals (52%). Healthcare professionals had more videos graded as “very poor” (43.4%) in comparison to the general users (36.2%). General users had more videos graded as “poor” (63.8%) in comparison to healthcare professionals (54.7%). However, there were no significant differences between the groups on either of the video grading scales.
Although TikTok is a powerful tool for information distribution, the educational value of the videos related to Achilles tendinopathy exercises was poor. With only 1% of videos receiving a grade of ‘fair,’ and no videos reaching a score of ‘good’ or ‘excellent’, healthcare professionals should be aware of the high viewership of low-quality content easily accessible on TikTok.
3.
Background:
Social media platforms, like TikTok, have become popular options for the distribution of health care information. Because of the lack of scientific oversight, the quality of health ...care–related videos has become a focus of the current literature. However, orthopaedic surgery has lagged behind other fields in acknowledging the widespread utilization of TikTok videos for medical information consumption. This study aims to assess the quality and educational benefits of ankle sprain–related TikTok videos.
Methods:
TikTok was queried using the hashtag “#anklesprainexercises.” One hundred videos were included after applying the exclusion criteria. The number of views, likes, shares, comments, and favorites was recorded. The content was graded using DISCERN (a well-validated informational analysis tool) and ASEES (a self-designed tool for exercise evaluation). We hypothesized that information on TikTok related to ankle sprain exercises would be poor in quality.
Results:
The total number of views of the 100 videos was 6 483 412, with a median of 5377.5 (IQR = 1074-20 275). The videos collectively received 385 847 likes, 3642 comments, 55 574 favorites, and 14 918 shares with a median of 267.5 (IQR = 41.5-1678.0), 4.0 (IQR = 0.0-23.0), 42.0 (IQR = 4.8-264.5), and 13.0 (IQR = 1.8-67.8), respectively. General users had a higher percentage of their videos graded as “very poor” (61.8%) in comparison to the number of videos uploaded by health care professionals deemed “very poor” (34.4%). Neither general user nor health care professionals had videos graded as “good” or “excellent.” There were significant differences between the 2 groups for DISCERN 1, 3, and ASSES scores.
Conclusion:
Although TikTok is a powerful tool for information distribution, the educational value of the videos related to ankle sprain injury exercises was poor. With only 2% of videos receiving a grade of “fair,” and no videos reaching a score of “good” or “excellent,” health care professionals should be aware of the low-quality content easily accessible on TikTok.
Level of Evidence:
Level III, cross-sectional study.
As new literature emerges and practice patterns fluctuate, there is a significant potential for variation with regard to adjunctive procedures performed with primary total ankle arthroplasty (pTAA) ...and revision total ankle arthroplasty (rTAA). Our study aims to evaluate yearly trends in the incidence of concomitant procedures and compare the incidence of adjunctive procedures between pTAA and rTAA.
The 2012-2020 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for all pTAA and rTAA. The number of concurrent procedures was compared between pTAA and rTAA and compared across years available in the most current version of the NSQIP database (2012-2020).
Patients undergoing pTAA had a higher mean age than patients undergoing rTAA (64 vs 61 years; P < .001), and patients undergoing rTAA had higher wound class (P < .001), indicating higher levels of contamination. Concurrent procedures were performed significantly less frequently with pTAA than rTAA (mean procedures 0.82 vs 1.30; P < .001). Removal of deep implants was more commonly coded with rTAA than pTAA (9.0% vs 17.7%; P < .001). Gastrocnemius recession was more frequently performed with pTAA than rTAA (10.4% vs 3.0%; P = .001).
As pTAA and rTAA increase in incidence throughout the United States, there is increased importance on furthering our understanding of these procedures. This study provides a nationally representative analysis of adjunctive procedures with pTAA and rTAA from 2012 to 2020. Generally, more adjunctive procedures are performed with rTAA versus pTAA, confirming the high complexity of rTAA.
Level III.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes after tendon transfers in the setting of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched ...according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to find primary clinical studies of any type of tendon transfer in the setting of RTSA. Results: Overall, 17 studies (level of evidence LOE I: 1, LOE II: 0, LOE III: 3, LOE IV: 13) met inclusion criteria, with 300 shoulders. Most patients were female (56.7%), with an average age of 68.7 years (range 19 to 89) and a mean follow-up of 46.2 months (range 6 to 174). 11 studies reported outcomes after combined latissimus dorsi and teres major transfer (LDTM) while eight studies reported on latissimus dorsi transfer only (LD). Improvements in commonly reported subjective and functional outcome measures were as follows: external rotation +32° (LDTM) and +30° (LD), flexion +65° (LDTM) and +59° (LD), Visual Analog Score −5.4 (LDTM) and −4.5 (LD), subjective shoulder value +43.8% (LDTM) and +46.3% (LD), and overall Constant score +33.8 (LDTM) and +38.7 (LD). The overall complication rate was 11.3%, including tendon transfer ruptures (0.7%), instability (3.0%), infection (2.0%), and nerve injury (0.3%). The all-cause repeat operation rate was 7.3%, most commonly for arthroplasty revision (5.3%). Subgroup analysis revealed that lateralized implants with tendon transfer resulted in markedly greater improvements in Constant score, flexion, ER1, and ER2 while medialized implants with tendon transfer had markedly greater improvements in Visual Analog Score, subjective shoulder value, and abduction. Conclusion: Patients undergoing tendon transfer of either combined LDTM or latissimus dorsi alone in the setting of RTSA have markedly improved subjective and functional outcomes. A moderate incidence of complications (11.3%) was noted in this patient population.
Because of the lack of scientific oversight, the quality, applicability, and consistency of healthcare-related TikTok videos have become a focus of research exploration. The orthopaedic surgery ...literature lags behind other medical fields in analyzing the widespread utilization of TikTok videos for medical information delivery.
TikTok was queried using the hashtag #shoulderstabilityexercises, and 109 videos were included. The videos were collected by two authors and independently evaluated using DISCERN (a well-validated informational analysis tool) and shoulder stability exercise education score (a self-designed tool for the evaluation of shoulder instability-related exercises).
DISCERN scores of videos uploaded by general users had significantly lower scores in all four categories than those uploaded by healthcare professionals (P < 0.001, P = 0.005, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001). For the shoulder stability exercise education score, general users had a significantly lower score than the healthcare professionals at 3.36 and 4.91 on a 25-point scale, respectively (P = 0.034). General users had more videos graded as very poor (84.2%) in comparison to the number of videos uploaded by healthcare professionals deemed very poor (51.5%). However, the remainder of healthcare professionals had their videos graded as poor (48.5%).
Despite slightly improved video quality from healthcare professionals, the overall educational of the videos related to shoulder instability exercises was poor.
