The power converters are taking responsibility to produce high-quality output voltage and current waveforms from the various PV sources. Recently, PV applications focus on high-frequency ac power ...distribution (HF-AC-PD). In particular, dc/ac switched capacitor multilevel inverters (SCMLIs) significantly reduce the power conversion stages and components, which result in high conversion efficiency. This article proposes a new SCMLI topology with a reduced number of switches and a self-balanced floating capacitor (FC) voltage. The proposed topology is configured as a single dc source and three dc sources. The proposed topology generates thirteen level output voltage waveforms, and the output voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">V_{o} </tex-math></inline-formula>) is two times higher than the input voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">V_{in} </tex-math></inline-formula>). The discharging time is less than the recently suggested topologies. Furthermore, the voltage stress on switches is reduced to 50% concerning the load voltage. Thus, a remarkable reduction in the bulky size of the FC is achieved. The simulation results are discussed for different fundamental frequencies of 360 Hz, 400 Hz, and 1 kHz and considering various loads. The proposed converter prototype is designed in the laboratory for 2 kW, and the results are presented. The results show a good agreement in terms of total harmonic distortions, power loss, and efficiency.
In this article, the selection of weight factor (WF) is improved using Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based cost function (CF) optimization for predictive ...control in surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive under different conditions. Basically, the empirical approach used for WF is instinctive and consumes excess time. TOPSIS approach chooses a control action that is closest to the ideal control action's positive solution and farthest from its ideal control action's negative solution. Prioritizing control variables in the CF assures the choice of the best control action throughout each sampling duration. Additionally, predefined switching instants are employed for the CF optimization depending on past optimal control action, reducing the computing duration of the suggested technique. dSPACE controller is used for real‐time execution of traditional and proposed methods under steady and dynamic states. In order to verify the worth of predictive control based on TOPSIS, the hardware responses were compared with traditional DTC and predictive control strategies.
In this article, the selection of weight factor (WF) is improved using Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based cost function (CF) optimization for predictive control in Surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motor drive under different conditions.
Major electrical gadgets are moving towards energy-efficient designs. Ceiling Fans are one of the prime focuses of such electrical gadgets. This article discusses and reviews about the past, present ...and future scenarios of the ceiling fans. The review includes different electric motors used in this application with its electromagnetic designs, controller developments, and mechanical designs, including Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and blade structures. Present-day energy-efficient fans with their technical and performance indices are extensively discussed as a case study. In this work novel innovations are concerned for the future development of the ceiling fans. The highlights of the article: 1. The fan is one of the potential energy consumption application globally. 2. Reducing the power consumption of these fans leads to lowering the carbon-di-oxide emissions 3. A comprehensive review has been done on ceiling fans for the first time - terms of their electrical and mechanical structures. 4. Currently, available Energy efficiency fans are discussed in details with its performance. 5. Future scope to reduce power consumption is highlighted in the conclusion section.
This paper develops an analytical method for modeling the inductor currents and capacitor voltages (ICCV) of a generic DC-DC converter system. The purpose of the designed methodology is to propose a ...new generalized modeling technique for DC-DC converter systems that accurately models the transient behavior of those systems. The modeled converter is assumed to operate over some number of circuit stages. Each circuit stage can be separately modeled as a linear time-invariant (LTI) system that is solved through the uni-lateral Laplace transform. Furthermore, the initial conditions (ICs) of these LTI systems are related through different algebraic expressions and discrete-time difference equations that originate from the continuity of the ICCV with respect to time. These discrete-time difference equations are then solved with the uni-lateral Z-transform to determine the ICs of the ICCV at each switching period. The generalized theoretical analysis is applied to the study of the transient behavior of the buck-boost converter across various different circuit parameters. This analysis justified with laboratory experimentation of the buck-boost converter, and the transient behavior of the buck-boost converter is compared for each experimental parameter set. The experimental results and the theoretical analysis provide very similar results across the different converter parameters.
High efficiency is an important requirement from DC–DC converter in DC microgrid system when integrated with renewable energy sources. This study proposes a new tri-switching state non-isolated high ...gain boost converter for 400 V DC microgrid applications. The proposed converter developed by modifying the conventional boost converter with advantageous features such as; high-voltage gain operation with two different duty pulses to overcome the restriction of high duty ratio and continuous input current. Moreover, semiconductor components in the proposed converter are subjected to reduced voltage stress for a shorter duration when compared to conventional existing topologies. Steady state (with and without non-idealities consideration) and performance analysis are presented to validate the viability of the proposed converter for high gain operation in grid-connected systems. For experimental validation, a prototype model of the proposed converter is developed for 31 V/400 V, 500 W and operated at 50 kHz switching frequency. The converter is tested for a power range of 100–500 W for two different duty range (case: 1–k1 kept fixed and k2 is varied, case: 2–k2 kept fixed and k1 is varied) to validate the consistency in output voltage. Hardware results obtained validates superior performance and higher efficiency compared to conventional existing topologies.
This paper proposes a technique for switch current stress reduction in a Switched Inductor DC‐DC Boost Converter (SIBC). The proposed technique comes up with a low‐cost design, high voltage ...conversion ratio with a less duty cycle value, and lower current stress without increasing the component count. This topology is basically a transformer‐less design where one diode of the traditional switched inductor configuration has been replaced with a switch, which is in parallel with the existing switch, resulting in a design that can incorporate active switches with a low current rating, since the total input current is equally shared by them. The detailed modes of operation in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and steady‐state analysis, the non‐idealities’ effect on voltage gain, design approach, and a comparative study with other DC‐DC converters for some significant performance characteristics are provided. The experimental validations for the performance and working of the 500 W designed prototype are presented.
Power electronic converters find application in diverse fields due to their high power conversion efficiency. Converters are often characterized by time response specifications, robustness and ...stability. Conventionally, converters employ the classic PID controller. The state space average linear time invariant model of a boost converter is known to be a non-minimum phase system. This paper demonstrates that the boost converter with a PID controller using the Queen Bee assisted Genetic Algorithm (QBGA) optimization is not robust to plant parameter variations. A fractional order PID controller based on QBGA optimization proposed here is shown to have improved robustness. The controller proposed here is applicable across converters, viz., buck, boost and buck-boost, equally.
A low to high voltage conversion technique has been proposed in this paper using double stages of switched inductors for nanogrid applications. The proposed converter topology utilizes fewer ...components, achieves high voltage gain at a small value duty ratio, and has high efficiency. Moreover, the proposed converter provides a reduced switch current stress to obtain a stable constant boosted DC voltage. Therefore, it requires low-current rating switches and hence leads to cost reduction. Additionally, the load and the source end are connected to the same ground. The principle of operation, theoretical waveforms in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) with steady-state analysis are discussed. A detailed discussion about the effect of non-idealities on the high voltage conversion, the design of components, and a comparison of the performance characteristics such as the number of components, Voltage Gain in CCM, switch current stress, normalized switch voltage stress, and efficiency of the proposed converter topology with other converters are presented. The experimental results of the 500W laboratory prototype are also shown to validate the operation of the proposed converter.
Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) are gaining importance because of their flexible structure, re-configurable property, and simplicity of operation. The operation of MMC at a low-switching ...frequency (LSF) helps in enhancing the performance of the converter. This paper proposes an improved harmonics mitigation scheme for a Multilevel DC-Link Inverter (MLDCLI), which is a variant of MMC. The proposed scheme is a modified version of the conventional Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) scheme, termed as modified Nearest Level Modulation (mNLM) Scheme. The proposed scheme is effective compared to NLM because of the choice of the switching angles obtained by the use of the algorithm proposed. The MLDCLI topology is operated for twelve different configurations, and mNLM is implemented on all the configurations. Using MATLAB software, the simulation results are validated, and the same is extended to a hardware prototype. The simulation and experimental results of NLM and mNLM schemes are compared. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evident by the reduced voltage THD, increased rms voltage, increased rms current, and increased output power.
Microgrids are often considered as the solution for affordable and clean energy in the distribution sector. This article presents the small-signal stability analysis of a distributed generation unit ...in an autonomous microgrid operation. The purpose of the proposed strategy is to optimally improve the capacity of the power system to restore the reasonable operating condition following a small physical disturbance. The proposed strategy is the joined execution of both the modified antlion optimization algorithm (MALO) and artificial neural network (ANN), and hence it is abbreviated to MALANN. In this article, the proposed controller comprises two control loops, namely the inner current control loop and the outer power control loop. The MALO technique is incorporated to generate the dataset of possible proportional integral (PI) gain parameters. By using the accomplished dataset of MALO, the ANN is trained, and convincing estimate execution is brought out through the entire machine working condition. The proposed strategy is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, and the results are examined with two test cases and compared with various solution techniques such as base method and ant-lion optimization. The results prove that the stability analysis is reasonably accurate, and the controller offers a reliable system's operation.
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