This article provides morphological descriptions and illustrations of microfungi associated with the invasive weed,
Chromolaena odorata
, which were mainly collected in northern Thailand. ...Seventy-seven taxa distributed in ten orders, 23 families (of which Neomassarinaceae is new), 12 new genera (
Chromolaenicola
,
Chromolaenomyces
,
Longiappendispora
,
Pseudocapulatispora
,
Murichromolaenicola
,
Neoophiobolus
,
Paraleptospora
,
Pseudoroussoella
,
Pseudostaurosphaeria
,
Pseudothyridariella
,
Setoarthopyrenia
,
Xenoroussoella
), 47 new species (
Aplosporella chromolaenae
,
Arthrinium chromolaenae
,
Chromolaenicola chiangraiensis
,
C. lampangensis
,
C. nanensis
,
C. thailandensis
,
Chromolaenomyces appendiculatus
,
Diaporthe chromolaenae
,
Didymella chromolaenae
,
Dyfrolomyces chromolaenae
,
Leptospora chromolaenae
,
L. phraeana
,
Longiappendispora chromolaenae
,
Memnoniella chromolaenae
,
Montagnula chiangraiensis
,
M. chromolaenae
,
M. chromolaenicola
,
M. thailandica
,
Murichromolaenicola chiangraiensis
,
M. chromolaenae
,
Muyocopron chromolaenae
,
M. chromolaenicola
,
Neomassarina chromolaenae
,
Neoophiobolus chromolaenae
,
Neopyrenochaeta chiangraiensis
,
N. chromolaenae
,
N. thailandica
,
N. triseptatispora
,
Nigrograna chromolaenae
,
Nothophoma chromolaenae
,
Paraleptospora chromolaenae
,
P. chromolaenicola
,
Patellaria chromolaenae
,
Pseudocapulatispora longiappendiculata
,
Pseudoroussoella chromolaenae
,
Pseudostaurosphaeria chromolaenae
,
P. chromolaenicola
,
Pseudothyridariella chromolaenae
,
Pyrenochaetopsis chromolaenae
,
Rhytidhysteron chromolaenae
,
Setoarthopyrenia chromolaenae
,
Sphaeropsis chromolaenicola
,
Tremateia chiangraiensis
,
T. chromolaenae
,
T. thailandensis
,
Xenoroussoella triseptata
,
Yunnanensis chromolaenae
), 12 new host records, three new taxonomic combinations (
Chromolaenicola siamensis
,
Pseudoroussoella elaeicola
,
Pseudothyridariella mahakashae
), and two reference specimens (
Torula chromolaenae
,
T. fici
) are described and illustrated. Unlike some other hosts, e.g. bamboo (Poaceae) and Pandanaceae, the dominant group of fungi on Siam weed were Dothideomycetes. Only 15 species previously recorded from northern Thailand were found in this study. Most of the taxa are likely to have jumped hosts from surrounding plants and are unlikely to be a specialist to Siam weed. Most fungal families found on Siam weed had divergence estimates with stem ages in the Cretaceous, which coincided with the expected origin of the host family (Asteraceae). This further indicates that the species have jumped hosts, as it is unlikely that the taxa on the alien Siam weed came from the Americas with its host. They may, however, have jumped from other Asteraceae hosts. In a preliminary screening 40 (65%) of the 62 species tested showed antimicrobial activity and thus, the fungi associated with
C. odorata
may be promising sources of novel bioactive compound discovery. We provide a checklist of fungi associated with
C. odorata
based on the USDA Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory (SMML) database, relevant literature and our study. In total, 130 taxa (116 identified and 14 unidentified species) are distributed in 20 orders, 48 families, and 85 genera.
Pseudocercospora
is the most commonly encountered genus on Siam weed.
During a north–south latitudinal survey of aquatic fungi on submerged wood and herbaceous material in streams in the Asian region, we collected several hyphomycetous taxa. This paper is part of a ...series where we provide illustrated accounts of these taxa and place them in a natural classification in the fungi. DNA sequence based phylogenies in recent literature have shown that
Dendryphion
,
Sporidesmium
and Torula-like species are polyphyletic in the phylum Ascomycota and their taxonomyhas been problematic due to a lack of understanding of the importance of morphological characters used to delimit taxa, as well as the lack of ex-type or reference strains. Based on multi-locus phylogenies together with morphology, we propose the novel family
Distoseptisporaceae
(Sordariomycetes) and three novel genera
Neotorula
(
Pleosporales
, Dothideomycetes),
Distoseptispora
(Sordariomycetes) and
Pseudosporidesmium
(Sordariomycetes). In addition,
Dendryphion aquaticum
,
D. submersum
,
Distoseptispora fluminicola
,
D. aquatica
,
Kirschsteiniothelia submersa
,
Neotorula aquatica
,
Sporidesmium aquaticum
,
S. submersum
and
S. fluminicola
are introduced as new species.
Pseudosporidesmium knawiae comb. nov
. is proposed to accommodate
Sporidesmium knawiae
in Sordariomycetes. The polyphyletic nature of
Dendryphion
,
Sporidesmium
and Torula-like species are partially resolved, but further sampling with fresh collections and molecular data of species are needed to obtain a natural classification.
The association of endophytic fungi with the host plant is called a symbiotic relationship. Studies of the endophytic fungi from tea have been reported in numerous documents, but researchers still ...largely focus on tea endophytic fungi as they have ability to produce bioactive compounds which have numerous applications. The present work characterizes the fungal endophytic communities associated with healthy tea leaves in Yunnan Province, China. A total of 287 fungal strains were isolated from healthy leaf tissues of tea plants using a culture-dependent approach. Based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses taken from the fungal cultures, strains were classified into 28 fungal genera with high similarity matches to known sequences in GenBank. The majority of genera (98.25%) belong to the phylum Ascomycota and most of the dominating fungal endophytes are from the genera Colletotrichum and Clonostachys.
Tubeufia
was named for a sexual morph taxon. However, several asexual morph species have been accommodated in this genus as well. In our study, four new species of
Tubeufia
, viz.
T. filiformis
,
T. ...latispora
,
T. laxispora
and
T. mackenziei
, are described and illustrated. The phylogenetic placement of the new species is confirmed by analysis of combined ITS, LSU and
TEF1α
sequence data. A key to
Tubeufia
species is provided and the new species are compared with similar fungal taxa.
Sordariomycetes is an earlier-introduced and one of the widely distributed class of Ascomycota. The class was initially classified based on morphology in having inoperculate and unitunicate asci. ...With the development of DNA based phylogenetic analysis, several undetermined or polyphyletic members of Sordariomycetes were reclassified. However, not all species belonging to this class have been sequenced and analyzed. There are a number of species, especially those old and poorly studied ones which have never been sequenced before and not even recollected again for further taxonomic verification. One of the main objective in this study is to revise and update the taxonomy of several well-known early and poorly studied species whose classification are still obscure. Herein, we re-examined the type materials and/or authentic specimens together to explore 74 relatively poorly-studied genera, which mainly belong to Boliniales, Calosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriales, Jobellisiales, and Sordariales classified under Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae. We provide descriptions, notes, figures and/or drawings and discussed their phylogenetic relationships. As a result, the monotypic Jobellisiales is transferred from Hypocreomycetidae to Diaporthomycetidae. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the polyphyletic Lasiosphaeriaceae is divided into five families, Bombardiaceae (
Apodospora
,
Bombardia
,
Bombardioidea
,
Fimetariella
and
Ramophialophora
), Lasiosphaeriaceae (
Anopodium
,
Bellojisia
,
Corylomyces
,
Lasiosphaeria
,
Mammaria
and
Zopfiella
), Lasiosphaeridaceae (
Lasiosphaeris
), Strattoniaceae (
Strattonia
) and Zygospermellaceae (
Episternus
and
Zygospermella
). In addition, a new family Neoschizotheciaceae is established based on
Neoschizothecium
. Analysis of the type species of
Boothiella
,
Stellatospora
,
Sulcatistroma
and
Tengiomyces
placed them in Sordariaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Hypocreales and Coronophorales, respectively. We classify the genera lacking molecular data based on their morphology and expect them to be recollected; that is,
Kacosphaeria
in Calosphaeriales;
Arnium
,
Biconiosporella
,
Camptosphaeria
,
Diffractella
,
Emblemospora
,
Eosphaeria
,
Periamphispora
,
Synaptospora
and
Tripterosporella
in Sordariales;
Conidiotheca
in Sordariomycetes;
Copromyces
,
Effetia
,
Endophragmiella
and
Tulipispora
are accommodated in Ascomycota. Besides, we establish a new genus
Neoschizothecium
based on phylogenetic analysis. New combinations proposed:
Camaropella amorpha
,
Cam
.
microspora
,
Cam
.
plana
,
Cladorrhinum grandiusculum
,
Cla
.
leucotrichum
,
Cla
.
terricola
,
Cla
.
olerum
,
Helminthosphaeria plumbea
,
Immersiella hirta
,
Jugulospora minor
,
Lasiosphaeris arenicola
,
Neoschizothecium aloides
,
Neo
.
carpinicola
,
Neo
.
conicum
,
Neo
.
curvisporum
,
Neo
.
fimbriatum
,
Neo
.
glutinans
,
Neo
.
inaequale
,
Neo
.
minicaudum
,
Neo
.
selenosporum
,
Neo
.
tetrasporum
,
Neurospora autosteira
,
Podospora brunnescens
,
P
.
flexuosa
,
P
.
jamaicensis
,
P
.
hamata
,
P
.
macrospora
,
P
.
spinosa
,
Strattonia petrogale
and
Triangularia microsclerotigena
,
T
.
nannopodalis
,
T
.
praecox
,
T
.
samala
,
T
.
tarvisina
,
T
.
unicaudata
,
T
.
yaeyamensis
. New epithets are proposed for
Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum
and
Podospora dacryoidea
.
Coelomycete is a general term used for asexual fungi which produce conidia in fruiting bodies: pycnidial, acervular, cupulate, pycnothyria or stromatic conidiomata. The group contains numerous plant ...pathogenic, saprobic and endophytic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Traditionally, morphological characters and host associations have been used as criteria to identify and classify coelomycetes, and this has resulted in a poor understanding of their generic and species boundaries. DNA based taxonomic studies have provided a better outlook of the phylogenetic and evolutionary trends in coelomycetes. However, the present outcomes represent only a preliminary step towards the understanding of coelomycetes. Many genera have not been revisited since they were first described. The present study revises the classification of the hyaline-spored coelomycetes and provides a modern taxonomic framework based on both morphology and phylogeny. In total, 248 genera were investigated, of which less than 100 are known to have sequence data. Multi-locus sequence data analyses of 28S nrDNA, 18S nrDNA, ITS, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (
rpb2
), and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (
tef1
) and β-tubulin (
tub2
) gene regions were analysed. As a result, three new genera and 23 new species are introduced. In addition, three new links between sexual and asexual genera are provided. There are 138 genera that lack sequence data, and these are treated as Ascomycota, genera
incertae sedis
. Line drawings and descriptions are provided based on the examination of types and fresh collections and on the literature.
A new species of
Phaeoacremonium
,
P.ovale
(Togniniaceae), was isolated during a diversity study of freshwater fungi from Yunnan Province in China. Morphological and cultural studies of the fungus ...were carried out and its sexual and asexual morphs (holomorph) are introduced herein. This species is characterised by peculiar long-necked, semi-immersed ascomata with oval to ellipsoid ascospores and ellipsoid to ovoid conidia. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined TUB and ACT gene dataset revealed that strains of
P.ovale
constitute a strongly supported independent lineage and are related to
P.griseo-olivaceum
and
P.africanum
. The number of nucleotide differences, across the genes analysed, also supports establishment of
P.ovale
as a new species.
Bambusicola, gen. nov., is introduced for four new saprobic taxa from culms of bamboos in northern Thailand. One species, chosen as the generic type, has both sexual and asexual morphs, one species ...has the sexual morph only and two species have the asexual morph only. The four new species, Bambusicola massarinia, B. bambusae, B. irregulispora and B. splendida are illustrated and described. Isolates of each species were sequenced using LSU, SSU and ITS genes and phylogenetic analysis shows the genus to be a distinct clade in the suborder “Massarineae”. Morphological differences between Bambusicola and some related genera are noted. Bambusicola is characterized by small, cone-shaped ascomata, slightly broad and fusiform ascospores and a coelomycete asexual morph with light brown conidia. Bambusicola clusters in Trematosphaeriaceae, but the closeness of this relationship cannot be resolved.
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