The authors established the taxonomic status of endophytic fungi associated with leaves of Pandanaceae collected from southern Thailand. Morphotypes were initially identified based on their ...characteristics in culture and species level identification was done based on both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data. Twenty-two isolates from healthy leaves were categorised into eight morphotypes. Appropriate universal primers were used to amplify specific gene regions and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify these endophytes and established relationships with extant fungi. The authors identified both ascomycete and basidiomycete species, including one new genus, seven new species and nine known species. Morphological descriptions, colour plates and phylogenies are given for each taxon.
Dietary fiber and flavonoids have substantial influence on the human gut microbiota composition that significantly impact health. Recent studies with dietary supplements such as quercetin and rice ...bran have shown beneficial impacts on the host alongside a positive influence of the gut microbiota. The specific bacterial species impacted by quercetin or rice bran in the diet is not well understood. In this study, we used a minibioreactor array system as a model to determine the effect of quercetin and rice bran individually, as well as in combination, on gut microbiota without the confounding host factors. We found that rice bran exerts higher shift in gut microbiome composition when compared to quercetin. At the species level,
Acidaminococcus intestini
was the only significantly enriched taxa when quercetin was supplemented, while 15 species were enriched in rice bran supplementation and 13 were enriched when quercetin and rice bran were supplemented in combination. When comparing the short chain fatty acid production, quercetin supplementation increased isobutyrate production while propionate dominated the quercetin and rice bran combined group. Higher levels of propionate were highly correlated to the lower abundance of the potentially pathogenic
Enterobacteriaceae
family. These findings suggest that the combination of quercetin and rice bran serve to enrich beneficial bacteria and reduce potential opportunistic pathogens.
In vivo
studies are necessary to determine how this synergy of quercetin and rice bran on microbiota impact host health.
During our ongoing surveys of fungi on submerged wood in the Greater Mekong Subregion, we collected two new species similar to
.
gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate the new species,
,
and
is ...transferred to this genus. Fasciculate conidiophores, enteroblastic conidiogenous cells and subulate to fusiform, phragmoseptate conidia with a tapering apical cell and sheath characterize the genus.
has longer conidia than
. The placement of
in
(Eurotiomycetes) is a novel finding based on analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and RPB2 sequence data. Our study reveals that
is likely to be a speciose genus with different species in streams around the world.
Arthrobotrys is the most complex genus of Orbiliaceae nematode-trapping fungi. Its members are widely distributed in various habitats worldwide due to their unique nematode-trapping survival ...strategies. During a survey of nematophagous fungi in Yunnan Province, China, twelve taxa were isolated from terrestrial soil and freshwater sediment habitats and were identified as six new species in Arthrobotrys based on evidence from morphological and multigene (ITS, TEF, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses. These new species i.e., Arthrobotrys eryuanensis, A. jinpingensis, A. lanpingensis, A. luquanensis, A. shuifuensis, and A. zhaoyangensis are named in recognition of their places of origin. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic notes, and a multilocus phylogenetic analysis are provided for all new taxa. In addition, a key to known species in Arthrobotrys is provided, and the inadequacies in the taxonomic study of nematode-trapping fungi are also discussed.
During a study of diversity and taxonomy of lignicolous freshwater fungi in China, nine species of Acrogenospora were collected. Seven of these were new species and they are described and ...illustrated. With morphology, additional evidence to support establishment of new species is provided by phylogeny derived from DNA sequence analyses of a combined LSU, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequence dataset. Acrogenospora subprolata and A. verrucispora were re-collected and sequenced for the first time. The genus Acrogenospora is far more species rich than originally thought, with nine species found in a small area of Yunnan Province, China.
During a north–south latitudinal survey of aquatic fungi on submerged wood and herbaceous material in streams in the Asian region, we collected several hyphomycetous taxa. This paper is part of a ...series where we provide illustrated accounts of these taxa and place them in a natural classification in the fungi. DNA sequence based phylogenies in recent literature have shown that
Dendryphion
,
Sporidesmium
and Torula-like species are polyphyletic in the phylum Ascomycota and their taxonomyhas been problematic due to a lack of understanding of the importance of morphological characters used to delimit taxa, as well as the lack of ex-type or reference strains. Based on multi-locus phylogenies together with morphology, we propose the novel family
Distoseptisporaceae
(Sordariomycetes) and three novel genera
Neotorula
(
Pleosporales
, Dothideomycetes),
Distoseptispora
(Sordariomycetes) and
Pseudosporidesmium
(Sordariomycetes). In addition,
Dendryphion aquaticum
,
D. submersum
,
Distoseptispora fluminicola
,
D. aquatica
,
Kirschsteiniothelia submersa
,
Neotorula aquatica
,
Sporidesmium aquaticum
,
S. submersum
and
S. fluminicola
are introduced as new species.
Pseudosporidesmium knawiae comb. nov
. is proposed to accommodate
Sporidesmium knawiae
in Sordariomycetes. The polyphyletic nature of
Dendryphion
,
Sporidesmium
and Torula-like species are partially resolved, but further sampling with fresh collections and molecular data of species are needed to obtain a natural classification.
Sordariomycetes is an earlier-introduced and one of the widely distributed class of Ascomycota. The class was initially classified based on morphology in having inoperculate and unitunicate asci. ...With the development of DNA based phylogenetic analysis, several undetermined or polyphyletic members of Sordariomycetes were reclassified. However, not all species belonging to this class have been sequenced and analyzed. There are a number of species, especially those old and poorly studied ones which have never been sequenced before and not even recollected again for further taxonomic verification. One of the main objective in this study is to revise and update the taxonomy of several well-known early and poorly studied species whose classification are still obscure. Herein, we re-examined the type materials and/or authentic specimens together to explore 74 relatively poorly-studied genera, which mainly belong to Boliniales, Calosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriales, Jobellisiales, and Sordariales classified under Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae. We provide descriptions, notes, figures and/or drawings and discussed their phylogenetic relationships. As a result, the monotypic Jobellisiales is transferred from Hypocreomycetidae to Diaporthomycetidae. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the polyphyletic Lasiosphaeriaceae is divided into five families, Bombardiaceae (
Apodospora
,
Bombardia
,
Bombardioidea
,
Fimetariella
and
Ramophialophora
), Lasiosphaeriaceae (
Anopodium
,
Bellojisia
,
Corylomyces
,
Lasiosphaeria
,
Mammaria
and
Zopfiella
), Lasiosphaeridaceae (
Lasiosphaeris
), Strattoniaceae (
Strattonia
) and Zygospermellaceae (
Episternus
and
Zygospermella
). In addition, a new family Neoschizotheciaceae is established based on
Neoschizothecium
. Analysis of the type species of
Boothiella
,
Stellatospora
,
Sulcatistroma
and
Tengiomyces
placed them in Sordariaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Hypocreales and Coronophorales, respectively. We classify the genera lacking molecular data based on their morphology and expect them to be recollected; that is,
Kacosphaeria
in Calosphaeriales;
Arnium
,
Biconiosporella
,
Camptosphaeria
,
Diffractella
,
Emblemospora
,
Eosphaeria
,
Periamphispora
,
Synaptospora
and
Tripterosporella
in Sordariales;
Conidiotheca
in Sordariomycetes;
Copromyces
,
Effetia
,
Endophragmiella
and
Tulipispora
are accommodated in Ascomycota. Besides, we establish a new genus
Neoschizothecium
based on phylogenetic analysis. New combinations proposed:
Camaropella amorpha
,
Cam
.
microspora
,
Cam
.
plana
,
Cladorrhinum grandiusculum
,
Cla
.
leucotrichum
,
Cla
.
terricola
,
Cla
.
olerum
,
Helminthosphaeria plumbea
,
Immersiella hirta
,
Jugulospora minor
,
Lasiosphaeris arenicola
,
Neoschizothecium aloides
,
Neo
.
carpinicola
,
Neo
.
conicum
,
Neo
.
curvisporum
,
Neo
.
fimbriatum
,
Neo
.
glutinans
,
Neo
.
inaequale
,
Neo
.
minicaudum
,
Neo
.
selenosporum
,
Neo
.
tetrasporum
,
Neurospora autosteira
,
Podospora brunnescens
,
P
.
flexuosa
,
P
.
jamaicensis
,
P
.
hamata
,
P
.
macrospora
,
P
.
spinosa
,
Strattonia petrogale
and
Triangularia microsclerotigena
,
T
.
nannopodalis
,
T
.
praecox
,
T
.
samala
,
T
.
tarvisina
,
T
.
unicaudata
,
T
.
yaeyamensis
. New epithets are proposed for
Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum
and
Podospora dacryoidea
.
The association of endophytic fungi with the host plant is called a symbiotic relationship. Studies of the endophytic fungi from tea have been reported in numerous documents, but researchers still ...largely focus on tea endophytic fungi as they have ability to produce bioactive compounds which have numerous applications. The present work characterizes the fungal endophytic communities associated with healthy tea leaves in Yunnan Province, China. A total of 287 fungal strains were isolated from healthy leaf tissues of tea plants using a culture-dependent approach. Based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses taken from the fungal cultures, strains were classified into 28 fungal genera with high similarity matches to known sequences in GenBank. The majority of genera (98.25%) belong to the phylum Ascomycota and most of the dominating fungal endophytes are from the genera Colletotrichum and Clonostachys.
belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is a widely distributed dicotyledonous plant in tropical and subtropical regions. Three isolates of
(Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, Didymellaceae) were collected ...from leaves of
in Guangxi Province, China.
Phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS-LSU-
-
dataset indicate that one of our three strains represents an undescribed species with close affinity to
and the other two strains clustered amongst other isolates of
. Evidence from morphology and sequence analysis indicates that GUCC 2070.7 is a new species that we introduce here as
. This is the first report about taxa of
from this host plant.
This article provides morphological descriptions and illustrations of microfungi associated with the invasive weed,
Chromolaena odorata
, which were mainly collected in northern Thailand. ...Seventy-seven taxa distributed in ten orders, 23 families (of which Neomassarinaceae is new), 12 new genera (
Chromolaenicola
,
Chromolaenomyces
,
Longiappendispora
,
Pseudocapulatispora
,
Murichromolaenicola
,
Neoophiobolus
,
Paraleptospora
,
Pseudoroussoella
,
Pseudostaurosphaeria
,
Pseudothyridariella
,
Setoarthopyrenia
,
Xenoroussoella
), 47 new species (
Aplosporella chromolaenae
,
Arthrinium chromolaenae
,
Chromolaenicola chiangraiensis
,
C. lampangensis
,
C. nanensis
,
C. thailandensis
,
Chromolaenomyces appendiculatus
,
Diaporthe chromolaenae
,
Didymella chromolaenae
,
Dyfrolomyces chromolaenae
,
Leptospora chromolaenae
,
L. phraeana
,
Longiappendispora chromolaenae
,
Memnoniella chromolaenae
,
Montagnula chiangraiensis
,
M. chromolaenae
,
M. chromolaenicola
,
M. thailandica
,
Murichromolaenicola chiangraiensis
,
M. chromolaenae
,
Muyocopron chromolaenae
,
M. chromolaenicola
,
Neomassarina chromolaenae
,
Neoophiobolus chromolaenae
,
Neopyrenochaeta chiangraiensis
,
N. chromolaenae
,
N. thailandica
,
N. triseptatispora
,
Nigrograna chromolaenae
,
Nothophoma chromolaenae
,
Paraleptospora chromolaenae
,
P. chromolaenicola
,
Patellaria chromolaenae
,
Pseudocapulatispora longiappendiculata
,
Pseudoroussoella chromolaenae
,
Pseudostaurosphaeria chromolaenae
,
P. chromolaenicola
,
Pseudothyridariella chromolaenae
,
Pyrenochaetopsis chromolaenae
,
Rhytidhysteron chromolaenae
,
Setoarthopyrenia chromolaenae
,
Sphaeropsis chromolaenicola
,
Tremateia chiangraiensis
,
T. chromolaenae
,
T. thailandensis
,
Xenoroussoella triseptata
,
Yunnanensis chromolaenae
), 12 new host records, three new taxonomic combinations (
Chromolaenicola siamensis
,
Pseudoroussoella elaeicola
,
Pseudothyridariella mahakashae
), and two reference specimens (
Torula chromolaenae
,
T. fici
) are described and illustrated. Unlike some other hosts, e.g. bamboo (Poaceae) and Pandanaceae, the dominant group of fungi on Siam weed were Dothideomycetes. Only 15 species previously recorded from northern Thailand were found in this study. Most of the taxa are likely to have jumped hosts from surrounding plants and are unlikely to be a specialist to Siam weed. Most fungal families found on Siam weed had divergence estimates with stem ages in the Cretaceous, which coincided with the expected origin of the host family (Asteraceae). This further indicates that the species have jumped hosts, as it is unlikely that the taxa on the alien Siam weed came from the Americas with its host. They may, however, have jumped from other Asteraceae hosts. In a preliminary screening 40 (65%) of the 62 species tested showed antimicrobial activity and thus, the fungi associated with
C. odorata
may be promising sources of novel bioactive compound discovery. We provide a checklist of fungi associated with
C. odorata
based on the USDA Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory (SMML) database, relevant literature and our study. In total, 130 taxa (116 identified and 14 unidentified species) are distributed in 20 orders, 48 families, and 85 genera.
Pseudocercospora
is the most commonly encountered genus on Siam weed.
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