•To investigate anti-phyopathogenicity, AMQ and AEQ were produced.•For structural characterization, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and LC-MS/MS were utilized.•The antifungal activity was evaluated in the ...open air, and MIC was determined.•Method validation followed SANTE/12682/2019; residue dissipation adopted 1st order kinetics.•Proposed MRL was indicated to be 0.01 mg kg−1 and estimated PHI AMQ (8–11) and AEQ (6–10) days.•The chemicals discovered might be useful in preventing crop illnesses.
Chemo-selective heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation was employed to synthesise 6-amino-N-methyl-2-quinolone (AMQ) and 6-amino-N-ethyl-2-quinolone (AEQ) to establish its structure-activity relationship (SAR) by 1H NMR,13C NMR, FT-IR, LC-MS/MS. AMQ (MIC = 18.2, 16.5 mg/mL) and AEQ (MIC = 19.2, 20.5 mg/mL), were more effective against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavous. Both were tested on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants to assess residual profiles, dissipation patterns, and yield effects. Acetonitrile and methanol (9.5:0.5, v/v), and modified buffer QuEChERS were used for extraction and analysed by LC-MS/MS. For AMQ, LOD and LOQ were 0.0065 and 0.017 mg kg−1, respectively, whereas, for AEQ, 0.0031 and 0.017 mg kg−1. The 5-point calibration curves of both compounds were constructed with R2 in the range of 0.99. Average recoveries at LOQ and higher ranged from 82.50 -114.27%. According to first-order kinetics, the half-lives (T1/2) for the T1 and T2 of AMQ were 2.11, and 2.34 days, and for AEQ were 1.66 and 2.13 days, respectively. Estimated pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) for AMQ and AEQ were 8,6 days (T1), and 11,10 days (T2) respectively. Their application enhanced fresh tomato production 21.36–26.55%. Developed compounds have excellent in vitro and in vivo fungicidal action and could treat plant fungal infections.
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Abstract
Inner accretion disc around a black hole provides a rare, natural probe to understand the fundamental physics of the strong gravity regime. A possible tilt of such a disc, with respect to ...the black hole spin equator, is important. This is because such a tilt affects the observed spectral and timing properties of the disc X-ray emission via Lense–Thirring precession, which could be used to test the theoretical predictions regarding the strong gravity. Here, we analytically solve the steady, warped accretion disc equation of Scheurer and Feiler, and find an expression of the radial profile of the disc tilt angle. In our exact solution, considering a prograde disc around a slowly spinning black hole, we include the inner part of the disc, which was not done earlier in this formalism. Such a solution is timely, as a tilted inner disc has recently been inferred from X-ray spectral and timing features of the accreting black hole H1743–322. Our tilt angle radial profile expression includes observationally measurable parameters, such as black hole mass and Kerr parameter, and the disc inner edge tilt angle W
in, and hence can be ideal to confront observations. Our solution shows that the disc tilt angle in 10–100 gravitational radii is a significant fraction of the disc outer edge tilt angle, even for W
in = 0. Moreover, tilt angle radial profiles have humps in ∼10–1000 gravitational radii for some sets of parameter values, which should have implications for observed X-ray features.
ABSTRACT
Low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) have a wide range of X-ray properties which can be utilized to reveal many physical conditions of the associated accretion discs. We use the spectral ...synthesis code cloudy to perform a detailed modelling of neutron star LMXBs GX 13+1, MXB 1659−298, 4U 1323−62, and XB 1916−053, and characterize the underlying physical conditions, such as density, radiation field, metallicity, wind velocity, etc. For this purpose we model highly ionized spectra of Fe, Ca, S, Si, Mg, Al in the soft X-ray band, and compare the predicted line flux ratios with the observed values. We also find that the strength and profile of these spectral lines get modified in the presence of magnetic field in the accretion disc. Using this, we estimate an upper limit of the existing magnetic field to be about a few hundred to a few thousand Gauss in the accretion discs of these four LMXBs.
ABSTRACT
We report results obtained from the study of 12 thermonuclear X-ray bursts in six AstroSat observations of a neutron star X-ray binary and well-known X-ray burster, 4U 1636 − 536. Burst ...oscillations (BOs) at ∼ 581 Hz are observed with 4–5σ confidence in three of these X-ray bursts. The rising phase BOs show a decreasing trend of the fractional rms amplitude at 3σ confidence, by far the strongest evidence of thermonuclear flame spreading observed with AstroSat. During the initial 0.25 s of the rise a very high value ($34.0\pm 6.7{{{\ \rm per\ cent}}}$) is observed. The concave shape of the fractional amplitude profile provides a strong evidence of latitude-dependent flame speeds, possibly due to the effects of the Coriolis force. We observe decay phase oscillations with amplitudes comparable to that observed during the rising phase, plausibly due to the combined effect of both surface modes, as well as the cooling wake. The Doppler shifts due to the rapid rotation of the neutron star might cause hard pulses to precede the soft pulses, resulting in a soft lag. The distance to the source estimated using the photospheric radius expansion bursts is consistent with the known value of ∼6 kpc.
Relativistic spectral lines from the accretion disc of a neutron star low-mass X-ray binary can be modelled to infer the disc inner edge radius. A small value of this radius tentatively implies that ...the disc terminates either at the neutron star hard surface, or at the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). Therefore an inferred disc inner edge radius either provides the stellar radius, or can directly constrain stellar equation of state (EoS) models using the theoretically computed ISCO radius for the space-time of a rapidly spinning neutron star. However, this procedure requires numerical computation of stellar and ISCO radii for various EoS models and neutron star configurations using an appropriate rapidly spinning stellar space-time. We have fully general relativistically calculated about 16 000 stable neutron star structures to explore and establish the above mentioned procedure, and to show that the Kerr space-time is inadequate for this purpose. Our work systematically studies the methods to constrain EoS models using relativistic disc lines, and will motivate future X-ray astronomy instruments.
Abstract X-ray observations of neutron star (NS) low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are useful to probe physical processes close to the NS and to constrain source parameters. Aql X-1 is a transient NS ...LMXB which frequently undergoes outbursts provides an excellent opportunity to study source properties and accretion mechanism in strong gravity regime over a wide range of accretion rates. In this work, we systematically investigate the spectral evolution of Aql X-1 using NICER observations during the source outbursts in 2019 and 2020. The NICER observations cover the complete transition of the source from its canonical hard state to soft state and back. The spectra extracted from most observations can be explained by a partially Comptonised accretion disc. We find that the system can be described by an accretion disk with an inner temperature of ≈0.7 keV and a Comptonising medium of thermal electrons at ≈2 keV, while the photon index is strongly degenerate with the covering fraction of the medium. We also find evidence of Fe Kα fluorescence emission in the spectra indicating reprocessing of the Comptonised photons. We observe an absorption column density higher than the Galactic column density for most of the observations indicating a significant local absorption. But for some of the observations in 2020 outburst, the local absorption is negligible.
ABSTRACT
MAXI J1820+070 is a newly discovered transient black hole X-ray binary, which showed several spectral and temporal features. In this work, we analyse the broad-band X-ray spectra from all ...three simultaneously observing X-ray instruments onboard AstroSat, as well as contemporaneous X-ray spectra from NuSTAR, observed during the hard state of MAXI J1820+070 in 2018 March. Implementing a combination of multicolour disc model, relativistic blurred reflection model relxilllpcp, and a distant reflection in the form of xillvercp, we achieve reasonable and consistent fits for AstroSat and NuSTAR spectra. The best-fitting model suggests a low temperature disc (kTin ∼ 0.3 keV), iron overabundance (AFe ∼ 4–5 solar), a short lamp-post corona height (h ≲ 8Rg), and a high corona temperature (kTe ∼ 115–150 keV). Addition of a second Comptonization component leads to a significantly better fit, with the kTe of the second Comptonization component being ∼14–18 keV. Our results from independent observations with two different satellites in a similar source state indicate an inhomogeneous corona, with decreasing temperature attributed to increasing height. Besides, utilizing the broader energy coverage of AstroSat, we estimate the black hole mass to be 6.7–13.9 M⊙, consistent with independent measurements reported in the literature.
ABSTRACT
We report the broad-band spectro-temporal study of the poorly studied accreting neutron star (NS) low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U 1724–30 using data from Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) and Large ...Area X-ray Proportional Counters (LAXPC) instruments on board AstroSat. The dim persistent LMXB source was observed with AstroSat over 4 epochs in 2017, all of which corresponded to a low-luminosity non-thermal emission dominated (hard/island) emission state with modest spectral evolution. All the X-ray broad-band spectra can be modelled by a combination of thermal emission from the NS boundary layer (BL) or NS surface and a non-thermal emission component possibly originating from the inverse Comptonization of the disc seed photons. We investigate the presence of frequency and energy-dependent variabilities to probe the origin of the disc/coronal fluctuations. We also report the detection of a Type-I X-ray burst displaying a photospheric radius expansion (PRE). During the burst, a hard X-ray shortage in the 30–80 keV energy band and the enhancement of the persistent emission reveal the burst feedback on the overall accretion process. Using the touch-down burst flux ∼4.25 × 10−8 erg s−1 cm−2, the distance of the source is estimated as ∼8.4 kpc.
ABSTRACT
We construct a time-dependent relativistic accretion model for tidal disruption events (TDEs) with an α-viscosity and the pressure dominated by gas pressure. We also include the mass ...fallback rate $\dot{M}_\mathrm{ f}$ for both full and partial disruption TDEs, and assume that the infalling debris forms a seed disc in time tc, which evolves due to the mass addition from the infalling debris and the mass-loss via accretion on to the black hole. Besides, we derive an explicit form for the disc height that depends on the angular momentum parameter in the disc. We show that the surface density of the disc increases at an initial time due to mass addition, and then decreases as the mass fallback rate decreases, which results in a decrease in the disc mass Md with a late-time evolution of Md ∝ t−1.05 and t−1.38 for full and partial disruption TDEs, respectively, where t is the time parameter. The bolometric luminosity L shows a rise and decline that follows a power law at late times given by L ∝ t−1.8 and t−2.3 for full and partial disruption TDEs, respectively. Our obtained luminosity declines faster than the luminosity inferred using $L \propto \dot{M}_\mathrm{ f}$. We also compute the light curves in various spectral bands.
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